Introduction to LCA Methodology

Transcription

1 Introduction to LCA Methodology Johanne Hammervold, Marte Reenaas and Helge Brattebø, NTNU ETSI project seminar. Stockholm, 16. June 2008 Leonardo Bridge Project In 1502 Leonardo da Vinci did a simple drawing of a graceful bridge with a single span of 720-foot span (approximately 240-meters.) Da Vinci designed the bridge as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bajazet II of Constantinople (Istanbul.) The bridge was to span the Golden Horn, an inlet at the mouth of the Bosphorus River in what is now Turkey. The Bridge was never built. ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

2 Scope of LCA Waste treatment Production Environment Health Resources Transport Use LCA = A systematic mapping and evaluation of health, ecological and resource impacts throughout the entire life-cycle of a product, from resource extraction to final disposal. ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

3 Phases in an LCA Goal and Scope Definition Inventory Analysis Impact Assessment Interpretation Goal and scope definition Planning the analysis System boundaries Functional unit Inventory analysis Inputs and outputs (use of resources, emissions to air and water) Impact Assessment Importance of the given environmental impacts Classification Characterization Valuation (weighting) Interpretation Evaluating the results against the objectives ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

4 Impact Assessment Methodology ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

5 Approaching LCA for a bridge? WHERE? WHY? FOR WHO? HOW? PROCEDURE: - Defining the objectives - Defining alternative designs - Quantifying inputs & outputs - Calculating env. impacts - Evaluating their importance - Interpreting results - Learning and making decisions Skarnsund Bridge outside Trondheim. Norway. ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

6 Goal and scope definition Goal of LCA methods in the ETSI project Quantify and evaluate environmental impacts of a bridge for a given location and functional unit Compare given design alternatives within this frame Understand what kind of environmental impacts Understand where in the bridge system Provide a basis for making decisions and improvements Scope of LCA methods in the ETSI project The whole life cycle Production (foundation, substructure, superstructure, equipment, transport) Construction (the bridge, the temporary constructions, transport) Operation, repair and maintenance (100 years service life) End-of-life (demolition, landscaping, waste management) Environmental aspects related to the consumption of Materials (concrete, steel, wood, asphalt, zinc coating, epoxy, etc.) Energy (electricity, diesel, petrol) ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

7 Inventory analysis A given bridge location, type and design Quantitative data from project information Materials consumption in each sub-system of the bridge Energy consumption Environmental emissions and stressors Material and energy specific data achieved from commercial LCA databases (e.g. kg CO 2 -equiv. per ton of steel) Show Bridge.xls input file as example ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

8 Classification Impact assessment Internally carried out by the commercial LCA software (SimaPro) Characterization Internally carried out by the commercial LCA software (SimaPro) Midpoint Indicators (HTP, GWP, etc.) are imported from here into the ETSI LCA input file Valuation (weighting) Normalizing Midpoint Indicator values for the bridge to average per capita emissions Additional weighting according to policy relevance ETSI Bridge.xls as example ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

9 LCA Midpoint Indicators Abiotic depletion kg Sb eq (Antimony) ADP Global warming (GWP100) kg CO 2 eq GWP Ozone layer depletion (ODP) kg CFC-11 eq ODP Human toxicity kg 1,4-DB eq (Dichlorobenzene) HTP? Fresh water aquatic ecotox. kg 1,4-DB eq FAETP Marine aquatic ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq MAETP Terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq TETP Photochemical oxidation kg C 2 H 4 (Ethylen) PCOP Acidification kg SO 2 eq AP??? Eutrophication kg PO 4 3- eq EP ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

10 Interpreting results Bridge elements? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

11 Interpreting results Indicators? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

12 Choosing weighting factors? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

13 Interpreting results Overall? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

14 Interpreting results Where? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

15 Interpreting results GWP where? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

16 Interpreting results GWP what? ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

17 Conclusions Data inputs needed? Bridge life cycle stages covered? Environmental issues covered? Weighting relevance? Conveying overall recommendations? Providing basic understanding for decisions? Relevance for design & management improvements? FOR YOU TO EVALUATE TESTING AND REFINING!! ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,

18 Leonardo da Vinci bridge for pedestrians and cyclists. E18 Nygårdskrysset, Ås municipality, Norway. ETSI Project Seminar, KTH,