An Architecture to Enable Mega-Scale Transactive Energy Systems

Transcription

1 An Architecture to Enable Mega-Scale Transactive Energy Systems Ryan D. May & Dr. Kenneth A. Loparo Intwine Connect, Case Western Reserve University APEC 2017 March 29 th Tampa, Florida

2 Overview The Challenges of Smart Grid Control Architectures for Transactive Energy When do Transactions Make Sense? Where Does the Intelligence Go? Practical Implementation Experience Intwine Connect, LLC. 2

3 Challenges of Smart Grid Control Customer engagement Wide range of time scales Geographical distribution of assets Dynamic system state Failure is normal Number of nodes Security Intwine Connect, LLC. 3

4 Architectures for Transactive Energy TE does not imply an architecture Decentralized vs Distributed Clear Hierarchical Distinctions: GWAC: Regional, Control Area, Distribution, Market Participation, Supply, Building Functional layout is not the same as the physical layout Intwine Connect, LLC. 4

5 When do Transactions Make Sense? Transactions require: Sensing Communication Processing Action Transactions for CPS: Must respond to needs of physical system given cyber constraints Current definition of TE is not for short-time scale tasks! Intwine Connect, LLC. 5

6 Where Does the Intelligence Go? Where it makes sense! Put things in the right place to optimize: Performance Use of domain knowledge Time to respond Bandwidth consumed Processing requirements Privacy / Data security Intwine Connect, LLC. 6

7 Practical Experience Intwine and CWRU have been involved in many TE projects: NASA Deep-Space Hab, NREL HEMS, CA Neighborhood PV controller, SMBC Automation, Campus Building Automation Key Lessons Security, security, security Connectivity is key High availability Multi-Protocol edge computing platform Interoperability is difficult follow existing standards Primary functional decomposition based on time-to-respond Objectives Coordination Layer Optimization Layer SW Reactive Layer HW Reactive Layer Information Intwine Connect, LLC. 7

8 Practical Experience Utility Intwine Connect, LLC. 8

9 HEMS for National Labs HEMS = Home Energy Management System Grant from DOE in coordination with EPRI Used ICG to coordinate loads in a home in response to OpenADR signals constrained by homeowner s preferences Developed CTA-2045 modules with open APIs Used VOLTTRON multi-agent framework Intwine Connect, LLC. 9

10 Coordinated Control for Increased PV Grant from California Energy Commission with EPRI, PG&E, SCE, SMUD, UL & device manufacturers Objective is to use HEMS for scalable solution to mitigate impact of Solar PV on distribution system ICGs coordinate loads and PV within home and other ICGs in the neighborhood to minimize voltage droop at transformer HEM HEM HEM Intwine Connect, LLC. 10

11 Olin CWRU DoE/PNNL Demonstration Project Wifi Private Ethernet Objective is to use the storage and load control to flatten load observed by campus 40kW variation due to labs/hvac BACnet over Ethernet UNC GCM LCM Modbus over RS-485 BMS Battery Modbus over Ethernet Smart Invert. Intwine Connect, LLC. 11

12 Takeaways for Device Manufacturers Security Encryption, Authentication, Updatable Firmware Can t be treated as an after thought Interoperability via Standards Have local APIs Direct-to-Cloud is NOT interoperable Use your expertise for on-board control (HW Reactive) Provide mechanism to enable setpoints to be changed (SW Reactive) Intwine Connect, LLC. 12