Smart Grid Communication Systems. 11- November-2016 Sanjeev Rana

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1 Smart Grid Communication Systems. 11- November-2016 Sanjeev Rana

2 Flow Of The Presentation Role of Communications in Smart Grid Smart Grid Communication Architecture Smart Grid Communication Technologies Smart Grid Interoperability Smart Grid TPDDL 2

3 Smart Grid.a New Dimension to Electricity.. The Smart Grid is a system of networked utility and consumer devices through technologies that ensure Secure, Reliable and Efficient Production, Delivery and Consumption of energy 3

4 The Smart Grid will need to be implemented on three inter related layers 4

5 the difference 5

6 Role of Communications in Smart Grid Communication technologies form the backbone of Smart Grid system. The efficiency and reliability of a Smart Grid immensely depends upon the choice of the ICTs and OTs adopted for various applications In-Home Displays to Meter DR signals from utility centres to meters Electric Vehicles Connect/Disconnect signal to meters SG Communication Applications ADMS DER Battery Storage Systems 6 Voltage regulators / Field devices communicate with Control Centre

7 Smart Grid Communication Architecture 7

Integrated Communications architecture External Data Access Field Crew 3 rd Parties Customers

Workforce Automation Back Haul Communication Utility Wide Comm.

AMI Field Comms Meters & Premise Gateways Home Network Home /Customer Network 200kW Phosphoric

8 MW AC net It contains more than 4,000 cells T&D Equipment Distribution Equipment Internet,

8 Integrated Communications architecture External Data Access Field Crew 3 rd Parties Customers Web Acces s Back-Office & Operational Systems AMI Mgmt System T&D Management System Field Workforce Automation Back Haul Communication Utility Wide Comm. Monitoring SA, DA Neighborhood Aggregation Access Communication Monitoring, DA Monitoring Local AMI Field Comms Meters & Premise Gateways Home Network Home /Customer Network 200kW Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell DG PEV $ /kW The power plant in Santa Clara is rated at 1.8 MW AC net It contains more than 4,000 cells T&D Equipment Distribution Equipment Internet, HTTPS, VPN Control & Monitoring Centers Ethernet LAN Microwave, SDH,MPLS,MPLS- TP, CE WiFi, WiMax, PLC, RF Mesh, GSM, CDMA Zigbee, Bluetooth, HomePlug

9 Smart Grid Communication Technologies 9

10 Smart Grid Communication Technologies Introduction Communication technologies can be broadly classified into two types: Wireless and Wired Wired Wireless Uses micro-waves or radio-waves to transmit information Requires a physical medium like cable to transmit information Many network technologies can be used for communications in the transmission, distribution and customer domains in the smart grid, but none of them suits all the applications and there is always a best fit of a technology or a subset of technologies that may be chosen for a group of power system applications, either operating in the same domain or having similar communication requirements 10

11 Smart Grid Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technology Advantage Disadvantage Application Areas Existing Applications Zigbee Very low cost - inexpensive consumer devices Low power consumption - years of battery life Self- organizing, secure, and reliable mesh network; Network can support a large number of users; Very short range Does not penetrates structures well Low data rates Small memory size HANs for energy management and monitoring, V2G Smoke and intruder warning, Industrial equipment control Wi-Fi Low-cost chip sets - inexpensive consumer devices Widespread use and expertise Low-cost application development Stable and mature standards Does not penetrate cement buildings or basements Small coverage and short distances limit wide spread use Security issues with multiple networks operating in same locations Could be used for HANs, FANs,V2G Internet access, Device to Device communication Source: V. C. Gungor, D. Sahin, T. Kocak, S. Ergüt, C. Buccella, C. Cecati and G. P. Hancke, "Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards," Industrial informatics, IEEE transactions, pp , 7 April and S. Elyengui, R. Bouhouch and T. Ezzedine, "The Enhancement of Communication Technologies and Networks for Smart Grid Applications," International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), pp ,

12 Smart Grid Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technolo gy 3G Cellular Advantage Expensive infrastructure already widely deployed, stable and mature Well standardized Cellular chipset very inexpensive Large selection of vendors and service providers Disadvantage Utility must rent the infrastructure from a cellular carrier for a monthly access fee Utility does not own infrastructure Technology is in the transition phase to LTE deployment Public cellular networks not sufficiently stable/secure for mission critical/utility applications Not well-suited for large data/high bandwidth applications Application Areas AMI Backhaul, Field Area Network (FAN), V2G Existing Applications Voice telephony, Internet access, Video conferencing, GPS, Telemedicine 4G LTE (Long Term Evolutio n) Low latency, high capacity Fully integrated with 3GGP, compatible with earlier 3GPP releases Full mobility for enhanced multimedia services Low power consumption Utility must rent the infrastructure from a cellular carrier for a monthly access fee Utility does not own infrastructure Not readily available in many markets Equipment cost high AMI Backhaul, SCADA Backhaul, Demand Response, FAN, Video Surveillance Voice telephony, Internet access, Video conferencing, GPS, Telemedicine, IP telephony, 3D television, Telemetry 12

13 Smart Grid Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technolo gy Advantage Disadvantage Application Areas Existing Applications WiMAX Efficient backhaul of data aggregating 100 s access points QoS supports service assurance Battery-backup improves reliability and security Simple, scalable network rollout and customerpremises equipment (CPE) attachment Faster speeds than 3G cellular Tradeoff between higher bit rates over longer distances Asymmetrical up and down link speeds User shared bandwidth Competing against future 4G cellular AMI Backhaul, SCADA Backhaul, Demand Response, FAN, Video Surveillance, WAN Internet access, Middle-mile backhaul for cellular networks Wireless Mesh Cost effective solution Dynamic self-organization, self-healing, self-configuration Manageable and secure connectivity (IPSec is inbuilt) Can be used in the sub-ghz range Network capacity issues Network fading and interference problem HANs for energy management, AMI Battlefield surveillance, realtime racing-car telemetry, VoIP 13

14 Smart Grid Communication Technologies Wireline Communication Techn ology Advantage Disadvantage Application Areas Existing Applications DSL PLC Fiber Widespread availability, Infrastructure already established Low cost High bandwidth data transmissions Communication infrastructure is already established Low costs Separation from other communication networks. Very Long-distance Ultra-high bandwidth Robustness against interference Reliability and potential down time may not be acceptable for mission critical applications Requires communications cables to be installed and maintained, and thus, cannot be implemented in rural areas due to the high cost of installing Non-interoperable High signal attenuation and Channel distortion Interference with electric appliances and electromagnetic sources High bit rates difficulties Complex Routing High costs Difficult to upgrade Not suitable for metering applications AMI, FAN HAN/AMI, FAN WAN Broadband access Broadband over power lines, invehicle network communication of data Telephone signals, Internet communication, Cable television signals In smart grid, hybrid communications networks would become the norm and thus to avoid possible disruptions of the grid system, a highly reliable, scalable, secure, robust and cost-effective integrated communications monitoring infrastructure is needed. 14

15 Smart Grid Communication Considerations 15

16 Smart Grid Communication Considerations Key Features Security Network Latency Data Delivery Criticality Secure information storage and transportation for billing purposes and grid control Avoidance of cyber attacks Supports varied latency requirements messages communicated between various 16 points within the smart grid Provide different levels of data delivery criticality depending on the needs of the application Criticality levels based on data loss Reliability Scalability Reliable for successful and timely exchange of messages Reliability affected by timeout/network/resourc e failures Scalability with the integration of advanced web services, reliable protocols with advanced functionalities 16 Facilitate operation of power grid

17 Next Gen Smart Grid TPDDL 17

TPDDL Network Architecture 3 rd Path using Microwave link inms Cyber Security Interoperable Can meet

application Router service assigned against reserve bandwidth MPLS Router MPLS Router Scada Router 1*GigE Sub Ring

traffic still survive - Dynamic MPLS-TP provide mesh based protection If one chassis goes down, traffic still

18 TPDDL Network Architecture 3 rd Path using Microwave link inms Cyber Security Interoperable Can meet Tele-protection requirements 1+1 handoff to application Router No Need of separate connectivity towards application Router service assigned against reserve bandwidth MPLS Router MPLS Router Scada Router 1*GigE Sub Ring 10 *GbE Core Ring MPLS Router MPLS Router MPLS Router Scada Router Enterprise Router If one device goes down, traffic still survive - Dynamic MPLS-TP provide mesh based protection If one chassis goes down, traffic still survive routing of data vial labels rather than full IP address MPLS Router Can cover mesh based protection enhanced reliability Enterprise Router

19 Grid and Distribution Traffic Aggregation-RF Canopy 19

20 Services Implemented Over ICT Network Service Name Tele Protection Call Center - VOIP Fire Alarm SCADA ICCP Enterprise RF-MESH AMI & DA Data Replication Between DCs SCADA Database Replication Energy Metering & Solar Panel Video Surveillance Service Type Point to Point Point to Multipoint Point to Point Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint Point to Point Point to Point Point to Multipoint Point to Multipoint 20 Nokia 2016

21 Tele Protection Traffic Over IP/MPLS Substation Circuit breaker High voltage Circuit breaker Substation Protection relay G.703 C37.94 Node A Critical IP/MPLS communication network Node B Protection relay G.703 C37.94 Core label switching tele protection Pseudowire Label switched path (LSP) LOW LATENCY LOW JITTER TELEPROTECTION COMMS REQUIREMENTS FULLFILMENT BY IP/MPLS TRANSPORT SOLID SYNCHRONISATION 21 Nokia 2016

22 IP/MPLS Backbone to Support AMI & Other futuristic Smart Grid Applications Distribution substation Unified and secure data network to interconnect all distribution applications Switch/recloser Platform for future IoT innovation Low risk deployment and execution Automation EV Meter/collector Operations centers, data centers, other devices in FAN, etc Reliable eco system enabled by local/distributed computing Renewable Preemption and prioritization for critical operational traffic Workforce Fixed location contractor WiFi 22 Nokia 2016

23 Thank you

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