Dataset Comparison. IPv4 vs IPv6 traffic seen at DNS root servers. Bradley Huffaker, Marina Fomenkov, and kc claffy

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1 Dataset Comparison IPv4 vs IPv6 traffic seen at DNS root servers Bradley Huffaker, Marina Fomenkov, and kc claffy OARC Fall 2014 Workshop October 12, 2014

2 IPv4 exhaustion RIR Address Pool (/8s) For most practical purposes IPv4 exhaustion is here. 2

3 goal We compare country level allocation and observed deployment of IPv4 and IPv6 by examining DNS root traffic collected by DNS- OARC members as part of the Day In The Life (DITL) measurements. 3

4 datasets DNS root traces! DNS-OARC Day In The Life (DITL)!! IP allocated blocks! RIR delegation files! also used for country-level geolocation!! IP announced prefixes! BGP tables collected by Route Views Project and RIPE NCC RIS!! Gross Domestic Product (GDP)! World Bank 4

5 Number of Countries number of countries at least one allocation IPv4 IPv6 Almost all countries now have at least one IPv6 allocation and a growing fraction were seen at the DNS roots. 5

6 interactive web site presets Allows users to switch between set views. manual control switch manual control Allows full control over both axis and node size 6

7 2014 IPv4 blocks seen at the DNS roots (blocks) 2014 IPv6 blocks seen at the DNS roots (blocks) fraction of blocks observed 1e+4 2e+3 2e+2 1e+0 4e+2 3e+2 2e+2 4e+1 3e+1 4e+0 3e+0 IPv4 IPv6 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e+4 2e IPv4 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) 1e+0 1e+0 3e+0 3e+1 2e+2 3e+2 2e+3 3e IPv6 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) countries with zero Fraction of address blocks seen at the roots much tighter for IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks. Reflects more uniform usage of IPv4 addresses. 7 India Russia Canada Brazil

8 2009 IPv6 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) 2014 IPv6 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) ratio IPv4 to IPv6 blocks 3e+3 2e+3 3e+2 2e+2 3e+1 3e+0 3e+3 2e+3 3e+2 2e+2 3e+1 3e+0 1e+0 Monaco 1e+0 Monaco 2e+2 2e+3 1e+4 2e IPv4 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) Nigeria Egypt Greece Brazil Netherlands France Japan Ukraine France Japan Great Britain 1e+0 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e+4 2e IPv4 blocks allocated by RIR (blocks) Monaco Only Monaco went to zero. Brazil went from unusually low ratio of IPv4 to IPv6, to higher then normal. Overall the ratio of IPv4 and IPv6 allocations was more similar in Brazil Brazil Australia Russia Canada

9 packets and addresses 2014 IPv4 packets seen by the DNS roots (packets) 2014 IPv6 packets seen by the DNS roots (packets) 1e+7 1e+6 1e+5 1e+4 1e+6 1e+5 1e+4 1e+0 IPv4 IPv6 Vietnam Saint Vincent & Grenadines Haiti Croatia Albania 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e+4 2e+4 1e+5 2e IPv4 addresses seen by the DNS roots (addresses) India 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e IPv6 addresses seen by the DNS roots (addresses) Nigeria Philippines Hong Kong South Korea radius: packets addresses France Similar with other metrics, IPv4 is less scattered than IPv6. 9

10 2014 IPv4 number of packets seen by the DNS roots per address (packets/address) 2014 IPv6 number of packets seen by the DNS roots per address (packets/address) ratio packets / addresses 1e+4 2e+3 2e+2 3e+2 2e+2 3e+1 3e+0 1e+0 Vietnam Saint Vincent & Grenadines Saint Kitts and Nevis Haiti Albania India The countries with the largest ratios tend to have fewer addresses. has 40% of US IPv6 addresses, but 80% of it s IPv6 packets. 10 Hong Kong France radius: packets addresses IPv4 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e+4 2e+4 1e+5 2e IPv4 addresses seen by the DNS roots (addresses) 1e+0 2e+2 2e+3 1e IPv6 addresses seen by the DNS roots (addresses) Nigeria Hong Kong South Korea India IPv6

11 2014 Ratio of IPv4 blocks seen at the DNS roots to allocated (%) 2014 Ratio of IPv6 blocks seen at the DNS roots to allocated (%) Gross Domestic Product 9e+1 8e+1 7e+1 6e+1 5e+1 4e+1 3e+1 9e+0 5e+1 4e+1 3e+1 5e+0 4e+0 3e+0 IPv4 IPv6 Solomon Islands Saint Kitts and Nevis Eritrea There is a positive correlation between wealthier countries and the ratio of IPv4 blocks seen at the DNS roots, but not Turkmenistan IPv6 blocks. 11 Russia Brazil Canada Australia Japan radius: IPv4 allocated blocks 1e+8 1e GDP [Gross Domestic Product] (US$) Micronesia Liberia radius: IPv6 allocated blocks 1e+8 1e GDP [Gross Domestic Product] (US$) Brazil Japan

12 conclusion number of countries with allocations! IPv4 allocations almost 100% seen! IPv6 allocations have gone from 50% to 61% seen! Almost all countries now have at least one for both!! IPv6 fraction of blocks seen more dissimilar than IPv4!! correlation between number of IPv4 and IPv6 blocks increased between 2009 and 2014!! negative correlation between wealth and ratio of blocks seen in IPv4, but not IPv6 12