WIRELESS FACTORY WORKSHOP

Transcription

1 Current industrial wireless technologies: an end users viewpoint and the OCARI project (Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks) Tuan DANG, Eric PERRIER DE LA BATHIE / EDF R&D (tuan.dang@edf.fr, eric.perrier@edf.fr) Jean-Baptiste VIOLLET / DCNS Engineering (jean-baptiste.viollet@dcnsgroup.com) Mathieu POUILLOT / Telit wireless solutions (mathieu.pouillot@telit.com) Thierry VAL / LATTIS - Michel MISSON / LIMOS - Pascale MINET / INRIA - Khaldoun Al AGHA / LRI WIRELESS FACTORY WORKSHOP December ETSI, Sophia Antipolis,, France

2 Outline I. Stakes and needs in Power generation and Warship building industry II. III. IV. End users viewpoint on current industrial wireless technologies OCARI project objectives and specifications Some results and next steps Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 2

3 Stakes and needs in power generation industry Real time monitoring of radiation in Nuclear Power Plant: DECT Phone Mobile radiation sensors station Personal Dosimeters Radiameters Controlled area Tens of sensors (mobile & fixed) distributed inside reactor building ( ~50m). 1 sample/5sec Packet delivery guarantee with time-constrained Radiation protection monitoring room Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 3 Most challenging application

4 Stakes and needs in warship building industry and in power plant operation Predictive maintenance of warship: Up to 400 parameters per room (up to 4 points per square meter): vibration analysis, pressure/temperature/flow rate, composition analysis Killer Application that requires scalability Condition based maintenance in power plant: Tens of sensors: vibration analysis, temperature, flow rate Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 4

5 Stakes and needs: technological requirements Apl NWK Phy/Mac Support of application profile Support of different communication models (request/reply, pub./sub., periodic notification) Support of standard IEC /EDDL for equipment diagnostic & maintenance Support of authentication Network topology flexibility: self-organizing, self-healing Network scalability Network configuration parameter transparency for application layer Energy aware routing strategy Mobility support Support of authentication of network node and anti-intrusion (to the network) mechanisms Robust radio transmission (low BER) regarding electromagnetic interferences (as measured as signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, SINR) Low power consumption along with power management capability to maximize battery autonomy Compatibility with EMC (e.g. TEMPEST, EDF IN84 ) Deterministic MAC Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 5

6 Outline I. Stakes and needs in Power generation and Warship building industry II. III. IV. End users viewpoint on current industrial wireless technologies OCARI project objectives and specifications Some results and next steps Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 6

7 Network layers Network routing strategy Network scalability Topology MAC layer PHY layer Current industrial wireless technologies: an end users analysis ZigBee Mixed mechanism composed of AODV and tree routing No energy-aware routing strategy Up to nodes per network group and up to network groups (16-bit node address and 16-bit group address) or 64-bit extended network address Tree, Star, Mesh IEEE with a slow frequency hopping schema using CSMA-CA (initiated by the PAN coordinator) Pseudo deterministic medium access method IEEE with 868MHz / 915MHz or 2,4GHz WirelessHART Graph routing (link state routing) No energy-aware routing strategy 16-bits network Id (in 3 classes: Permanent, Temporary, Manufacturing) assigned by the gateway. 16-bits nickname and 64- bits IEEE EUI address. Star, Mesh IEEE with TDMA + Channel hopping or Token-passing method Explicit Clock synchronization needed Waste energy on sync IEEE with 2,4GHz (DSSS) only ISA a (still in development) Graph routing (link state routing) No energy-aware routing strategy 128-bit network layer address assigned by the system manager. These 128-bit addresses are hierarchical, with the upper 64 bits identifying a network and the lower 64 bits identifying a device. Star, Mesh IEEE with an extension shim for frequency hopping and slotted hopping Medium access method managed by the system manager IEEE with 2,4GHz (DSSS) only Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 7 6LoWPAN (still in development) 6LoWPAN Ad Hoc On- Demand Distance Vector Routing (LOAD) no energy aware routing Hierarchical Routing over 6LoWPAN (HiLow) no energy aware routing Dynamic MANET Ondemand for 6LoWPAN (DYMO-low) Routing energy aware routing IPv6 compressed header and datagram encapsulated in IEEE (rfc 4944). IEEE IEEE

8 Current industrial wireless technologies: an end users viewpoint Gaps to be addressed in ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA a and 6LoWPAN: Lack of simulation and test-bed standard to validate the characteristics of these protocols Mobility support (partly in 6LoWPAN DYMO-low) Energy aware routing strategy (partly in 6LoWPAN DYMO-low) to maximize the network life span Performance issue in high density and large scale network (latency, energy consumption due to overhearing, spectrum efficiency ) Publish/Subscribe deterministic medium access method to minimize energy consumption Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 8

9 Outline I. Stakes and needs in Power generation and Warship building industry II. III. IV. End users viewpoint on current industrial wireless technologies OCARI project objectives and specifications Some results and next steps Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 9

10 OCARI project objectives Improving ZigBee by developing additional specification to satisfy the following MAC layer Deterministic MAC layer for time-constrained Network layer Optimized energy consumption routing strategy for maximum network lifetime within the non timeconstrained communication period, Support of human walking speed mobility for some particular network nodes Application layer Support of application profiles (e.g.: «SENSOR 4-20», «SENSOR BINARY», «ACCELEROMETER», «IEEE 1451» ) Support of different communication models: request/reply, publish/subscribe (event based notification) and periodic/programmable notification. Support of IEC /EDDL for diagnosis and maintenance purposes. Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 10 OCARI / ISA classification

11 OCARI project objectives (cont.) Promoting an open standard, safe and validated for harsh industrial environments: Developing an industrial prototype that can be interfaced with existing wired sensors: Nonvolatile Memory Developing an open middleware architecture that supports distributed SCADA applications Microcontrollers Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 11 RF Battery (LR6) Sensor Analog 4-20mA RS232/USB 0-5V

12 OCARI specifications: comparison to ZigBee Protocol layers Network mobility support Network routing strategy Network scalability ZigBee 2007 Mixed mechanism composed of AODV and tree routing No energy-aware routing strategy Up to nodes per network group and up to network groups (16-bit node address and 16-bit group address) or 64-bit extended network address OCARI Support of mobility using OLSR (RFC 3626) Graph routing (link state routing) Energy-aware routing strategy using EOLSR Up to nodes per network group and up to network groups (16-bit node address and 16-bit group address) or 64-bit extended network address Network topology Tree, Star, Mesh Tree, Star, Mesh MAC layer IEEE with a slow frequency hopping schema using CSMA-CA (initiated by the PAN coordinator) Pseudo deterministic medium access method (if GTS implemented) IEEE with extension to implement MaCARI: deterministic medium access method PHY layer IEEE with 868MHz / 915MHz or 2,4GHz IEEE with 2,4GHz (DSSS) radio only Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 12

13 OCARI specifications: typical topology Cell Cell Cell Cell Sink Sink Cell Sink OCARI typical topology: 20 cell coordinators per workshop 8 RFD per cell coordinator 160 nodes / workshop Cell coordinator (FFD) Sink Cell Workshop coordinator Workshop coordinator Sensor (RFD) Industrial backbone OPC-DA OPC-UA Wireless Sensors Network Oriented Middleware SCADA Network monitoring Comm. Manager Virtual Sensor Manager Publication Manager Software Bus (Publish/Subscribe) Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 13 Persistent data Manager Database

14 OCARI specifications: MaCARI S Y N C Collision-Free Activity Scheduling constrained by a hierarchical Tree (Deterministic MAC period) Free Activity (beacon mode: slotted CSMA-CA) (Optimized network lifetime Energy-aware OLSR) C1 PAN 1 C2 T T 0 1 T 2 T 3 Global Cycle Why MaCARI? In IEEE , determinism is not guaranteed because of possible beacon collision. The upper bound on end-to-end delay is not known due to possible beacon collision. In ZigBee, no sleep period for the coordinator MaCARI Scheduling mechanism constrained by a hierarchical tree to reduce possible collision. Every node can sleep PAN schedules the cells activity and fixes the beacons broadcasting sequence the beacon is repeated in cascade through the tree and contains all synchronization information. Every node synchronizes on T1 and knows the next T0. Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 14 1 C C4 T 0 T

15 OCARI specifications: EOLSR and SERENA EOLSR (Energy aware OLSR): Minimizing the energy consumption for end-toend transmission of one packet Cost (transmission by node i) = E trans + n * E rcv. Where n = number of active nodes inside the interference area of the transmitter including the receivers + overhearing + interference (2 time radio range) Avoiding the nodes with low residual energy SERENA (Scheduling RoutEr Node Activity): A node is woken up in the timeslots where: It transmits One of its one hop neighbours transmits It sleeps otherwise Scheduling using colouring of three hops neighbours timeslot assigned to a node according to its colour Spatial reuse of colour code gain of bandwidth (efficiency) f(x)= a i x+b i Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 15 SP4 Efficacité Énergétique dans OCARI : Routage et Coloriage α(i) i a i x+b i N i=1 ( )( H(x α(i)) H(x β(i)) ) β(i) Discharge model of alkaline battery

16 OCARI specifications: protocol stack OCARI stack: May be implemented on two different controllers: B2400ZB-Tiny (GT60 + CC2420) PHY MaCARI To be defined SERENA + EOLSR APS Application Framework MDO Inter-layer communication interface: Software interface: APSDE-SAP (APS Data Entity Service Access point) MDO APSME-SAP (APS Management Entity) EDE-SAP (EOLSR Data Entity) EME-SAP (EOLSR Management Entity) ESP-SAP (Energy Service Provider) SME-SAP (SERENA Management Entity) PLDE-SAP PLME-SAP Hardware interface: MDE-SAP MME-SAP Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 16

17 Outline I. Stakes and needs in Power generation and Warship building industry II. III. IV. End users viewpoint on current industrial wireless technologies OCARI project objectives and specifications Some results and next steps Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 17

18 Test bed from Simulation using NS-2 MaCARI optimization of synchronization [T 0, T 1 ] Gain up to 25 % of duration Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 18 SP3 - Un protocole MAC déterministe et économe en énergie

19 Test bed from Simulation using NS-2 Network lifespan maximized using EOLSR + SERENA: Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 19 SP4 Efficacité Énergétique dans OCARI : Routage et Coloriage

20 OCARI Application Architecture Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 20

21 Test bed platform Instrumentation of existing gates using OCARI wireless sensors network ( nodes) Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 21 SP1 Présentation globale du projet

22 Next steps Publication of OCARI specifications as a standard for power generation OCARI consortium will welcome ETSI or other organizations interested in Optimization of Communication for Ad hoc Reliable Industrial networks Slide 22