Educational Semantic Networks and their Applications

Transcription

1 BUIU Unverstăţ Petrol Gaze dn Ploeşt Vol. X o. / Sera atematcă - Informatcă - Fzcă ducatonal Semantc etwors and ther Alcatons Gabrela ose vu Ionţă Unverstatea Petrol-Gaze dn Ploeşt Bd. Bucureşt 39 Ploeşt e-mal: gmose@ug-loest.ro Abstract In ths aer the authors resents an algebrac structure about educatonal semantc networs. he structure could be used to model the content of an electroncal course. hs structure enables to erform oeratons to combne more electroncal courses and to obtan a new course to defne a edagogcal technque to teach a course to ursue the evoluton of students durng the nstructon rocess. he educatonal semantc networs could be used n the software develoment n the feld of comuter asssted nstructon and to desgn software based on edagogcal agent. ey words: educatonal semantc networ algebrac structure nowledge reresentaton e-course e-learnng Introducton A semantc networ s a grahcal notaton to nowledge reresentaton n a structure wth nodes nterconnected by arcs. he nodes are rmtves to reresent concets events states and the arcs are rmtves whch abstract the relatons between nodes. he frst mlementaton of semantc networs n comuter systems was develoed n the artfcal ntellgence feld and translaton machnes. he roles of the semantc networs n the educaton rocess were stressed by Jonassen []. he human memory s organzed accordng to the relatons exstng between deas so structurng the nformaton accordng to semantc networs allows an actve nstructon rocess. he semantc networs rovde an effcent mode to navgate n an electronc course. he semantc networs force the teacher to organze the edagogcal materals n a logcal mode so that the students can understand better the educatonal materals. he new concets of the course wll be ntegrated n an exstng concetual structure. o use the educatonal semantc networs n the e-learnng software the author rooses some defntons about educatonal semantc networs [] oeratons wth them and an algebrac structure.

2 78 Gabrela ose vu Ionţă Problem Formulaton Defnton. We call an educatonal semantc networ noted a nowledge reresentaton n the form: where are nodes labeled wth and these nodes has attached educatonal resources n multmeda format noted wth and reresents a relaton from node to node labeled wth. Defnton. he educatonal semantc networ wth a sngle node s called the sngular educatonal semantc networ and t s resented n the form:. Defnton. We call an emty semantc networ the semantc networ wthout any node or relaton. he Oeratons wth ducatonal Semantc etwors he reunon of two educatonal semantc networs noted s defned n ths way [3]: ase no. he two semantc networs and have n common at least one node. et consder: where node s a common node. { } c.... xamle: et consder two educatonal semantc networs wth one node n common. he reunon of them s resented n the fgure no.. ase no.. he two semantc networs and have not any node n common. { }... ew c

3 ducatonal Semantc etwors and ther Alcatons 79 Fg.. he reunon of two educatonal semantc networ wth one common node he reunon could be realzed f and only f we can draw a relaton between two nodes from each networ. emar. In an educatonal semantc networ solated nodes don t exst. xamle: et consder two educatonal semantc networs wthout any node n common. he reunon of them s resented n the fgure no.. Fg.. he reunon of two educatonal semantc networ wthout any common node

4 80 Gabrela ose vu Ionţă emar. A concet could be added to a networ usng the reunon oeraton between a networ and a sngle networ. he ntersecton of two educatonal semantc networs s a semantc networ noted defned n ths way [3]: he two semantc networs and have at least one common node. et consder: { { }} card. emar. he result of the ntersecton of two educatonal semantc networs wthout any common node s the emty networ. he dfference between two educatonal semantc networs s a semantc networ noted : { { }} card. xamle: et consder two educatonal semantc networs. he dfference between the two educatonal semantc networs s resented n the fgure no. 3. he selecton of an educatonal semantc networ after a set of nodes loos le that [3]: et consder a semantc networ and a set of nodes. { } S

5 ducatonal Semantc etwors and ther Alcatons 8 Fg. 3. he dfference between two educatonal semantc networ xamle: he selecton oeraton s resented n the fgure no. 4. he set of nodes s. A B D Fg. 4. he selecton of an educatonal semantc networ after a set of nodes

6 8 Gabrela ose vu Ionţă he onod of ducatonal Semantc etwors Prooston. We note wth the set of all educatonal semantc networs. s a monod consderng the reunon oeraton. Proof. o roof that the set of all educatonal semantc networs s a monod we have to roof that the oeratons of reunon s assocatve and the emty semantc networ s an dentty element.. et s consder the reunon oeraton. 3 3 he roerty s evdence whle the reunon of the sets of obects s assocatve.. he emty educatonal semantc networ s the dentty element for reunon oeraton. { } { } { } } hs monod s a commutatve monod whle the reunon oeraton s commutatve. Defnton. et s consder an educatonal semantc networ. { } { } { } { }. We call the set of arts of and we noted wth Ρ : Ρ { Ρ { } } Ρ { } Ρ { } Ρ { } Prooston. et s consder an educatonal semantc networ and followng roertes are true:. Ρ 3 3. Ρ 3. ; Ρ Ρ Analog Ρ s a commutatve monod.. 3 ; s a commutatve monod where the dentty element s. Ρ the set of arts. he

7 ducatonal Semantc etwors and ther Alcatons 83 Alcaton odellng e-ourses he educatonal semantc networs can be used to model the e-courses. onsder a course. he course has O O On n nstructonal obectves. For each obectve we could buld an educatonal semantc networ. O { } { } { } { } where are labeled nodes and each node s assocated wth a edagogcal resource called content. means a relaton from node to node labeled wth. he educatonal semantc networ assocated to the course s obtaned usng the reunon oeraton n. odelng the Obect Orented Programmng ourse o buld the e-course wth ttle Obect Orented Programmng we could use a set of educatonal semantc networ. Some of them are resented n the followng fgures. Data Abstract data tye Abstract data rogrammng Imlementaton abstract data tye Fg. 5. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve data Programmng technques estng rograms Unstructured rogrammng Obect orented rogrammng Debuggng Programs Proflng Procedural rogrammng odular rogrammng Fg. 5. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve rogrammng technques

8 84 Gabrela ose vu Ionţă he effcency of the algorthm he analyss of the algorthm Algorthms 3 he concet of algorthm he elaboraton of the algorthm Fg. 6. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve algorthm Inhertance Overloaded functons 4 Base class Herarchy of Derved class classes Fg. 7. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve nhertance Statc Dynamc 5 nng Fg. 8. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve lnng 6 he concet of olymorhsm Polymorhsm Vrtual functons 7 Fg. 9. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve olymorhsm Abstract class Fg. 0. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve abstract class Destructor 8 he class concet omosed class Instance onstructor he class concet Obect ethods he obect concet Proertes vents Fg.. he educatonal semantc networ for the obectve class obect he semantc networ could be stored n the comuter usng databases. ach node has attached more fles reresentng the educatonal resources n the multmeda format. Alyng the

9 ducatonal Semantc etwors and ther Alcatons 85 reunon oeraton results the educatonal semantc networ of the course Obect Orented Programmng o teach only the module wth ttle estng rograms we have to aly the selecton oerator to semantc networ after the node wth the same ttle. he advantages of usng ths nd of structure for the edagogcal resources are [4]:. -courses could be managed more easy;. the ossblty of buldng new courses based on the exstng courses; 3. ossblty of usng teachng and learnng strateges esecally accordng to the rofle learnng of each student. onclusons he evoluton of nformaton technologes enables to teach accordng to a varety of the nstructon strateges. he great maorty of the software rograms dedcated to comuter asssted nstructon resent the edagogcal resources n one format. So the students regardless of the learnng style of them have to learn n the same way. he structure resented n the aer s a base structure for the e-courses. he structure was used n the software system develoment based on edagogcal agent resented n PhD thess and confrms that students learn better f the teachers use a strategy based on learnng styles [5 6]. eferences. Jonassen D.H. - Desgnng structured hyertext and structurng access to hyertext ducatonal echnology ose G. - A software system for onlne learnng aled to dstance unversty nstructon n the feld of comuter scence unublshed manuscrt Petroleum-Gas Unversty Ploest ose G. - odellng e-courses based on educatonal semantc networ Petroleum-Gas Unversty of Ploest Bulletn Vol. VII no ose G. - A new aroach to manage contents of edagogcal resources Scentfc Bulletn of Poltehnca Unversty of msoara Wel Joyce B. alhoun. - odels of eachng Pearson ducaton ose G. - A Software System for Onlne earnng Aled n the Feld of omuter Scence Internatonal Journal of omuters ommuncatons & ontrol II o. 007 avalable at htt://ournal.unvagora.ro/ 007 ezumat eţele semantce educaţonale ş alcaţle lor În acest artcol autor rezntă structura algebrcă a reţelelor semantce educaţonale. Structura rousă în lucrare oate f utlzată entru modelarea conţnuturlor cursurlor electronc: ermte oeraţ de generare de no cursur electronce defnrea de tehnc edagogce entru redarea cursurlor tehnc de evaluare a studenţlor.