How Hot is Your Spot? ( Net Vitality )

Transcription

1 ! How Hot is Your Spot? ( Net Vitality ) J. Cioffi CEO/COB ASSIA (Professor Emeritus, Stanford EE) IEEE WCNC 2017 Keynote March 20, 2017 San Francisco How Hot? 1!

2 How Hot? 2! Net Vitality Mission Everyone/thing can well use the internet Applications and Content and are all accessible to all users/things Connection works This remains a crucial issue today

3 How Hot? 3! Internet problems anyone? (everyone?) IneoQuest Source: bgr.com

4 How Hot? 4! Why the Rage? We all have multiple Gbps flowing through our bodies right now But we are prevented from using it all Why? Does this contribute to Net Vitality? So what can we do?

5 How Hot? 5! Does Insufficient Bandwidth cause Buffer Rage? Band 7 WiFi Various 5 GHz 500 MHz of LTE/3G Different service 6 bits/hz à 3 Gbps Another 500 MHz of Wi-Fi Different AP s Say 6 bits/hz also --> another 3 Gbps Together: that is 6 Gbps! Flowing through each one of us, HERE, NOW (of course we share it) Did we need a fiber to our body to get it? Are we using it? Effectively? (probably not yet) Really no MIMO, no Wi-Gig (mmw), etc included yet Will add 10 s of Gbps more Personal/small networks (Bluetooth, LPWANs, etc) Add more options to dividing space and frequency

6 Spectrum Trials Each forces use of only their network Dynamic choice not really available How Hot? 6!

7 Some Telecom/Internet Trends How Hot? 7!

8 How Hot? 8! Application trends (or verticals ) And many others we don t yet know too Security as service, privacy as service?

9 How Hot? 9! Large and Growing Opportunity Global Broadband Connections 742M Global Manageable Wireless Connections 3.7B (1) Global IoT Connected Devices 21B (2) Source: Point Topic Note: Figures not to exact scale (1) The NPD Group, Internet Connected Devices Surpass Half a Billion in U.S. Homes, March 2013; Assumes 5 wireless connected devices per household. (2) Gartner, Forecast Analysis: Internet of Things Endpoints, Worldwide, 2015 Update, December 2015.

10 How Hot? 10! Telecom Connectivity Trends 5G 5 th Generation: Many Gbps,mmW, G.fast, PON < 1ms delay Massive MIMO space reuse Convergence: Fiber, copper, wireless Fixed/wired convergence SDNFV Software-Defined Network Function Virtualization network à server

11 SDNFV à Rise of Virtual Network Operators VNO 1 API VNO 1 Mgmt Network slicing VNO n API VNO n Mgmt 20 Devices things API Enables VNO Mgmt Infrastructure Provider (InP) 10 Devices things VNO s provide the service/applications to consumers/things FAGAN companies too? neutral cell How Hot? 11!

12 How Hot? 12! Virtual Network Operators via Software VNO A VNO B Infrastructure Provider Management and Orchestration (MANO) VNF 1 VNF 2 VNF N Software-Defined/Controlled Network (IaaS licensed spectral, wires, unlicensed spectra)

13 How Hot? 13! VNO Desires Instantaneously provision services Lowest cost InP path to VNO s requested quality-of-service (QoS) connectivity that assures VNO s desired quality of (consumer/customer) experience QoE Competitive choice of Infrastructure/path A key to Net Vitality InP (infrastructure provider)? Very profitable if all (any of) its VNO customers are profitable We leave question of if Infrastructure provider can also be VNO to regulators (at least for this talk)

14 How Hot? 14! Telecom Service Revenue Apps? Statista.com Telecom TV reports revenue/mb < cost/mb

15 How Hot? 15! Telecom Service Revenue Trends Mobile Service Revenues ($B, Using Current Exchange Rates) Source: companies. Note: Each operator has a financial year that runs from January to December, except Vodafone, which reports from April to March (so its 2015 financial year ends in March 2015). LightReading 1/13/17. (Penetration from GSMA Inteliigence 2016).

16 How Hot? 16! Suppose InP choice were dynamic? VNO would choose best path/cost InP might charge for this While consumer-connection charges decrease But share fairly/equally in the content cost How do both win (grow profits)? InP can be app provider and/or VNO? RESEARCH GOAL: Create Profitable Dynamic Software Solution were All grow Net Vitality

17 3 Areas for Hotness Improvement (heavily uses SDNFV or slicing ) How Hot? 17! Knowing link speeds accurately and dynamically Optimizing link speeds to situation App/link/location Use of multiple links Multi-link Many Itineraries Makes Opportunity (MIMO)

18 Knowing Link Speed/Quality How Hot? 18!

19 How Hot? 19! The Access Infrastructure 83% F W I i X or F E I D Presumes all fixed à gateways with wireless in-premises (often preferred location for video)

20 How Hot? 20! SDN Evolution to Wi-Five-G WIRELINE In Standardization Commercially Deployed Reach G.fast Vectoring VDSL VDSL2 ADSL2+ ADSL2 ADSL 6Km 3Km 1500m 500m 200m FTTEx FTTC/B FTTdp DOCSIS 3.1 DOCSIS 3.0 XG PON/Fast 10G Bandwidth (bps) 1G 500M 100M 50M 20M 8M 1M WIRELESS WIFI

21 Unstable connections à cost/churn (ASSIA experience on 100M+ connections) How Hot? 21! Instability: Combination of speed variation, packet errors, outages, consumer calls/complaints, the type of app running Instability based on field measurements Instability based on field measurements connection Nominal Best Speed connection Nominal Best (managed) Speed (managed) Fiber (PON) 16% 6% 90 Mbps Fiber (PON) 16% 6% 90 Mbps Cable 20% Mbps Cable 20% Mbps ADSL2+ 15% 7% 10 Mbps ADSL2+ 15% 7% 10 Mbps VDSL2 18% 7% 25 Mbps VDSL2 18% 7% 25 Mbps Vec VDSL 45% 8% 75 Mbps Vec VDSL 45% 8% 75 Mbps Wi-Fi (11g) 50% 15% 10 Mbps 4G LTE Not good à 10%? 10 Mbps Based on 90-95% distributions Meaning these fractions of customers are seeing worst case 5-10% daily or more frequent

22 How Hot? 22! And, on regulators good reports on broadband? Supposed to be 100 randomly picked homes/devices Often requires special hardware (e.g., Sam Knows ) Really not random (ISP s know where they are and optimize for them) Biases the reports (regulators know this and want to fix it) 80% of speed 80% of the time means the service is really really bad Don t use this criterion, it is misleading Need regular (often, but non-invasive) ubiquitous fair measurement base It can t be the box vendor nor the ISP who reports on this At the least, appearance of conflict of interest

23 How Hot? 23! CloudCheck App (ios, Android) What link (Wi-Fi, LTE, fixed), which device/user, which app-server : Tests mobile network Tests Wi-Fi Network Tests Content-Server Simple Consumer interface Is LTE-U limiting Wi-Fi or vice-versa?

24 How Hot? 24! Potential other points for probes Edge Network Virtual Probe RAN Probe Mobile Edge RAN Private or Public Cloud Infrastructure Virtual Cloud Server WebServices API API Fixed Access Network Fixed Edge VNO s InP s Regulators/Consumers Probes could be open source VNF

25 How Hot? 25! Comparison of Two ISP s on single VNO Comcast AT&T

26 How Hot? 26! Report: Throughput/Device Distribution Device type comparison Consumer insights/behaviors based on device type Spanish operator Probability Density iphone 6 Galaxy S6 Surface Throughput (Mbps)

27 How Hot? 27! Report: Operator s Average Throughput/Region Regional customer experience Latency and customer rating also reported

28 How Hot? 28! Proliferate agents/apps Regulators can help Recommend certain agents/apps Consequent reporting formats using these Allows internets links increasingly everywhere to be reported Speeds (for time, place, device, app, etc) Unbiased reporting Helps net vitality to know Allows ISP s (infrastructure providers) to improve Allows VNO s to choose That is How Hot is this Spot? (for this device, app, provider, etc) OK, but suppose the link is cold How do we make it hot?

29 Optimization How Hot? 29!

30 How Hot? 30! What can be optimized/tuned? Power levels and spectra shaping Channels and Band selection Contention (CSMA or other) parameters The data rate itself The spatial directivity of multiple antennas (MIMO) Coding parameters, delays, retransmissions

31 How Hot? 31! Basic Optimization and Diagnosis Reprofiling Loop Diagnostics Loop q Automatic connection repair QoS target Continuous rate target collect All connections q q Diagnostics Where when Upgrade ident. Consumer OSS, customer care Access Network Freq band (2.4, 5, ) Channel slot, power, Contention windows Code rates, speeds aggregations New Access Point or Repeater Device placement add some wires!

32 How Hot? 32! Wi-Fi Hot Spots and Problems Coverage (noise) & signal strength Crosstalk = who controls phy

33 How Hot? 33! Example: Wi-Fi Pollution Latest/greatest WiFi chip/box ax Allows 18+ channels (20 MHz each) available in 5 GHz band Great, there were only 3 in 2.4 GHz band and we had a problem with all the competing AP s and devices (often > 30 in an apartment building) And, let s bond 8 of the 18 together so we can transmit 1 Gbps, and roll full power! Now back to 3 effective channels again. Can try to use MU MIMO (but this is not always better, depends on positions of all) Wi-Fi speeds in peak hours with more OTT video are not good (20% of the time below 10 Mbps even with latest equipment) Does 1 Gbps Wi-Fi connection matter if there is backhaul that is a much lower speed?

34 How Hot? 34! Cocktail Party Effect (crosstalk) TALK LOUD Sorry, can t hear, Talk louder OK, I ll SHOUT I NEED TO TALK VERY LOUD Solution: All speak politely at low volume (lower power) All send more information (more power and/or higher data rate) This is how dynamic management works with DSLs, Wi-Fi, sharing EG: Wi-Fi Box/Chips blasting at 1-10 Gbps! Or worse yet install repeaters/mesh and have them all blast

35 How Hot? 35! Typical Field Wi-Fi Results (90%) Before Optimization After Optimization Worst Performing AP s Reduction in worst performing AP s

36 How Hot? 36! A VNO and/or InP State Management Diagram 108 Mbps 5 GHz, Mbps MIMO x 4 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz,11 54Mbps MIMO x 2 Markov Chains & Hidden Markov Chains 18 Mbps 2.4 GHz,6 18 Mbps 2.4 GHz, 11 Major research opportunity 6 Mbps 2.4 GHz,1

37 Bonding, Roaming, and Selection How Hot? 37!

38 How Hot? 38! SDNFV à The Rise of VNO s VNO 1 API VNO 1 Mgmt VNO n API VNO n Mgmt 20 Devices things API Enables VNO Mgmt Infrastructure Provider (IaaS) 10 Devices things VNO s provide the service/applications to consumers/things

39 How Hot? 39! IP Layer Bonding & Mesh Networks DSL/WiFi Gateway R1 The Cloud VNO API to InP CMTS/WiFi Gateway R2 Broadband Consumer R3 Management & Agg/Deag Server LTE Path/BS Total data rate Max(R1,R2,R3) or R1+R2+R3 or combinations How Reliable (QoE)? How Secure? How Costly optimize price for service Allows RELIABLE Gbps PER Consumer Much cheaper than fiber to the customer, and sooner

40 Neighborhood Management of channels & space (MIMO) How Hot? 40! Freq Channel (4 chan s) User 1 User 2 Space Channel (4 antennas) Basically 16 slots (each say ~ 54 Mbps) How a box vendor does it User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 Cloud managed multiple SSIDs User 7 empty

41 How Hot? 41! Lack of visibility Wi-Fi to/from LTE Qualcomm LTE-U (and 3GPP LAA) use Wi-Fi bands And thus will create additional interference SDN dynamics can be used to determine when the interference is acceptable

42 How Hot? 42! Opportunity for the InP s Offer bandwidth for price Based on current status and availability (diagnostics) And any link optimization Needs to be the same price terms available to all VNO s (which can be dynamic in time and space, but not specific to VNO) If price is good, VNO will take it However, another InP could provide the same bandwidth for a lower price Do it dynamically It s all feasible technically with SDN Net Vitality is the key here

43 How Hot? 43! VNO s MIMO Multiple Itineraries Makes Opportunity Choose best deal to their customer dynamically But they will have to pay this dynamic peering cost But don t need to build the infrastructure

44 How Hot? 44! So, THEN, How Hot is Your Spot? (How hot can it be à Net Vitality)