SUMMARY. photoconductors. "Future. uctors= Planned site

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1 SUMMARY Multi-client Study [2018 version of Photoconductor Market Forecast] F "Future Prospects off the Photoconductor Market Moving toward Choosing Long-life Products" " =Comprehensive analysis of 20φ to 260φ photocondu uctors= Planned site <Kyocera Document Solutions builds fully -automated No.2 plant in Dongguan City off China to produce photoconductors> <Canon handles increasing demand of f 20φ and other small-diameter photoconductors. The plant is Kitawatoku Office of Canon Precision in Aomori, Japan> <Konica Minolta M continues stable shipments. The plant is Konica a Minolta Supplies in Yamanashi, Japan.>

2 I. Theme 2018 version of Photoconductor Market Forecast Future Prospects of the Photoconductor Market Moving toward Choosing Long-life Products =Comprehensive analysis of 20φ to 260φ photoconductors= II. Abstract Manufacturers are concluding M&A agreements more often than ever in the office equipment industry, making competition among hardware manufacturers increasingly intense. Even major ones could not just boost up production volume or they would just keep themselves busy without making enough profits. Considering the shrinking demand of office equipment, which was a pillar of the electrophotographic business, photoconductors, a vital part of office devices, would be more profitable at the end of the day, if they're built more durably requiring less frequent replacements and fewer field services. As such, what's most important about development of photoconductors is use of the same type of material as much as possible to reduce costs. The shift could be large enough to trigger the transformation of the entire photoconductor industry. Aside from this, third-party manufacturers continue to increase presence against genuine product manufacturers, as seen in Canon's defeat in the patent infringement lawsuits in Germany relating to the so-called dongle gear. From a technical viewpoint, many manufacturers choose photoconductors with OCL to raise a durability level, while some go the extra mile to achieve the goal without adding OCL. Kyocera offers the highest-durability a-si photoconductors but it also tries to launch negative-charge photoconductors in addition to conventional positive charge drums. Against this backdrop, the report will study the status quo, supply relations, and costs of photoconductor's substrates (substrate manufacturers and aluminum processing manufacturers) and coating materials (UCL, CTL, CGL, OCL), as well as analyses changes in production volume of each photoconductor manufacturer, supply relations, and profits from worldwide perspectives. The year 2018 marks the 28th publication of the report so Data Supply Inc. will look back on the last two decades and analyze the trends over a long-term basis. We hope the report will help the readers succeed in their businesses in any possible way. III. Target items and makers 1. Target items 1) Photoconductor OPC drum Drum Belt/sheet Se-based drum a-si drum 2) Aluminum substrate for photoconductors 3) Photoconductive layer coating materials - 1 -

3 2. Target makers 1) Photoconductor makers (10 in Japan, 27 overseas) 2) Drum substrate makers (5 in Japan, 5 overseas) 3) Substrate processing makers (8 in Japan, 4 overseas) 4) Photoconductive layer coating material makers (CTL/CGL/UCL/OCL) (11 in Japan, 2 overseas) 5) Hardware device makers (9 copier makers, 11 printer makers, 6 FAX makers) IV. Research period and methodology 1. Research period: 2015 to 2021 Target regions are Japan, North America, Europe, South Korea, Taiwan, China and other regions. 2. Methodology 1) On-site and in-person interviews with target makers. 2) Analysis and review of open literature, materials, statistics, and other sources 3) Analysis of Data Supply's own proprietary database V. Research type, report preparation period, and other information 1. Research type: Multi-client study 2. Report preparation period: January and February of Publication date: April 25, 2018 (Japanese version is available now.) 4. Report format: A4 size (PDF format) 5. Price: $5,200- (English version) 500,000- (Japanese version; tax NOT included.) 6. Researchers Mr. Yukio YAMAMOTO, Mr. Kosuke YOSHIDA, and Mr. Hirofumi ISO Phone: Fax: yamamoto@datasupply.jp yoshida@datasupply.jp iso@datasupply.jp HP: http//:

4 <Table of Contents> Executive Summery A. Comprehensive Analysis I. Worldwide production volume of photoconductors ( ) 1 1. Overall summary 1 2. Summary of production volume by type 2 3. Worldwide production volume by type and application 3 4. Production volume of photoconductors by application (for hardware devices / for consumable supplies) ( ) 5 1) Overall 2) Third-party ratio ( ) 5. World's top 10 photoconductor producers ( ) 7 1) Overall 7 2) Market share of photoconductors for OEM use 8 3) Market share of photoconductors for third parties 9 6. Worldwide production volume 10 1) Worldwide production volume by region and type 10 2) Worldwide production volume by region and application 11 3) Production volume by maker 12 4) Production volume by region and maker 13 5) Production volume by region and type 14 Japan / North America / Europe / China / South Korea / Taiwan / Other regions 6) Production volume by region and application 21 Japan / North America / Europe / China / South Korea / Taiwan / Other regions 7. Production volume by OEM and third-party maker Worldwide production volume (2017) Production volume for OEM use and third parties by maker ( ) 29 1) Worldwide 2) Japanese makers 3) North American makers 4) European makers 5) Chinese makers 6) South Korean maker 7) Taiwanese makers 8) Other makers 8. Production trend of drum substrates Utilization of coating materials by Japanese maker 36 II. Production bases of photoconductors Japanese makers' production bases by region 37 1) Overall 2) Plant address 2. Overseas makers' production bases 40 B. Photoconductor Market B-1. Trend of Japanese makers ( ) 43 B-1-1. Data summary and analysis of Japanese makers Japanese makers' production volume by type and application 43 1) Worldwide production volume 2) Production volume in Japan 3) Overseas production volume 4) Changes in production volume over the last two decades 2. Production volume by type, region, maker, and application ( ) 51 1) All types 2) OPC 3) Se type 4) a-si 3. Production volume by diameter, application, and type (2017) Production volume and shipment value by diameter and maker (2017) 60 1) Overall volume (OPC for PPC / a-si for PPC / OPC for printer / Se type for printer / a-si for printer / OPC for fax) 60 2) Value Ratio of production volume and shipment value by maker and diameter (2017) Share of production volume and shipment value by diameter and maker (2017) 72 1) 20φ 2) 24φ 3) 30φ 4) 40φ 5) 47φ 6) 50φ 7) 60φ 8) 65φ 9) 80φ 10) 84φ 11) 100φ 12) 108φ 13) 120φ 14) 168φ 15) 210φ 16) 240φ 17) 260φ 7. Production volume by size and maker (2017) 89 1) Production volume 89 2) Shipment value Production volume and shipment value by diameter and size (2017) 91 1) Production volume 91 2) Shipment value 92 3) Ratio of production volume and shipment value by size and diameter (A4-A0) Production trend of Japanese makers by application, type, and region ( ) Development trend of long-life photoconductors (A3) Production volume by negative/positive charge (2017) Major supply relations between Japanese hardware makers and photoconductor makers (2017) 100 1) Supply trend 100 2) Major supply relations between PPC makers and photoconductor makers 101 3) Major supply relations between laser/led printer makers and photoconductor makers 102 4) Major supply relations between laser/led fax makers and photoconductor makers

5 B-1-2. Japanese individual photoconductor makers 105 Common research subject --Present and future production volume by region, production base, type, and application (Japan and overseas) ( ) --Changes in production volume of photoconductors over the last two decades --Trend of production bases (facility investment, utilization of production lines, present and future production bases) --Production volume by diameter and application --Production volume, shipment value, and unit price by diameter and size (2017 results) --Production volume by positive and negative charge --Trend of long-sized photoconductors --Development and suppliers of photoconductive layers and coating materials (UCL, CGL, CTL, OCL) --Development trend of long-life photoconductors --Trend of drum diameters (small and large) --Production lines --Coating methods --Measures by genuine makers against third-party photoconductors --Production ratio between genuine (OEM) and third-party products --Changes in supply volume by destination --Worldwide production bases Canon / Ricoh and Yamanashi Electronics / Fuji Xerox / Konica Minolta / Kyocera Group (Kyocera/Kyocera Document Solutions) / Mitsubishi Chemical / Fuji Electric / Sharp B-2. Trend of overseas makers ( ) 210 B-2-1. Data summary and analysis of overseas makers Production volume of overseas makers by type and application 210 B-2-2. Overseas individual photoconductor makers 212 AlphaChem (South Korea) / APS Photoconductor (China) / CEMS (South Korea) / Eastman Kodak (U.S.A) / GreenRich Technology (Taiwan) / Guangzhou A&G Optoelectronics Technology (China) / Hanp (Baiksan OPC) (South Korea) / HG Technologies (China) / Huaian Gantech Opto-Electronics (China) / Lexmark International (U.S.A.) / Océ Technologies (The Netherlands) / PARK & OPC (South Korea) / Sindoh (South Korea) / Suzhou Goldengreen Technologies (China) / Xerox Corporation (U.S.A.) / Other makers (7 from China, 1 from South Korea, 1 from Hong Kong, and 1 from India) C. Drum Substrate Market I. Overall trend Summary of makers in the photoconductor industry (drum substrate, drawing, processing, and coating) 245 1) Makers by production process 245 2) Major relations between aluminum substrate makers and processing makers 246 3) Supply relations from aluminum substrate makers to coating makers (summary/flowcharts of aluminum substrate makers and photoconductor makers) Worldwide production volume of drum substrates ( ) Production volume by drum substrate maker in Japan ( ) Production volume by drum substrate maker, diameter, and size Supply volume to photoconductor makers (2017) 253 1) Overall 2)OPC 3) Se and a-si II. Trend of individual drum substrate makers 256 <Common research subject> --Production volume by diameter, application, and size --Production volume of non-burnished and burnished drum substrates --Photoconductor makers' supply volume by production base (worldwide) --Properties of substrates for color photoconductors (runout tolerance of drum substrates, roundness, surface roughness, and uniformity) --Relations between processing and drawing makers --Trend of production technology (burnished and non-burnished drum substrates) and others --Price trend --Production bases Showa Denko / UACJ Extrusion Corporation / Kobe Steel / Nikkeikin ACT D. Photoconductive Layer Coating Material Market 1. Overall CTL Binder resin 274 1) Worldwide market ( ) 274 (overall / makers / material features / prices) 2) Major supply relations of binder resin (Japan) CTM 276 1) Worldwide market (2017) 2) Market share by maker (shipment volume by in-house maker / shipment volume by CTM maker) 3) CTM types 4) Major supply relations of CTM 3. CGL Binder resin / 3-2.CGM 4. UCL OCL

6 Image of the content Extract from < Executive Summery > *Tables are provided with figures and comments in the complete version

7 Extract from < Comprehensive Analysis> and <Photoconductor Market > *Tables are provided with figures and comments in the complete version

8 Extract from < Photoconductor Market > *Tables are provided with figures and comments in the complete version

9 Extract from < Drum Substrate Market > *Tables are provided with figures and comments in the complete version

10 Extract from < Drum Substrate Market > *Tables are provided with figures and comments in the complete version