POWERMAX [ˈpou (ə)r ˈmaks] noun: a system designed to maintain stability

Transcription

1 POWERMAX [ˈpou (ə)r ˈmaks] noun: a system designed to maintain stability Niraj Shah SPS Branch of Engineering Services Inc. Copyright 2017

2 Agenda POWERMAX Power Management System Introduction POWERMAX Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A) POWERMAX Simulators MOTORMAX LV Motor Management System Introduction

3 Agenda POWERMAX Power Management System Introduction POWERMAX Functionalities (IDDS, LSP, GCS, A25A) POWERMAX Simulators MOTORMAX LV Motor Management System Introduction

4 What Is POWERMAX? HMI / SCADA IDDS GCS A25A and Tie Flow High-Speed Load Shedding Engineering Management

5 POWERMAX Operation Grid-Tied Operation Controller Synchronization Systems Automatic Decoupling Load Shedding Relay Islanded Operation Subcycle (Fast) Status Trip

6 POWERMAX Applications and Goals Power Management System (PMS) Heavy Industries Blackout Prevention Process Survivability Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) Utilities Blackout Prevention Wide-Area Schemes Efficiency Security Microgrid Small Communities Resiliency Economics Renewables Speed of Operation Adaptive Protection

7 Controller Provides Many Features Hardware Linux OS Multithread Processing 2 ms Scan Self-Diagnostics Substation Graded No Moving Parts Dual Ethernet Software IEC Protocols DNP3 / IP Modbus RTU / IP Web HMI MIRRORED BITS IEC Interface

8 All High-Priority Controller Tasks Must Execute Each Operating Cycle

9 Fast and Scalable Architectures Are Required Small (<20 ms) Medium (<30 ms) Large (<40 ms) Controller Scan Time: 2 ms Controller Scan Time: 2 ms Controller Scan Time: 2 ms Central FEP Scan Time: 2 ms Substation FEP Scan Time: 2 ms Substation FEP Scan Time: 2 ms 20 Relays Scan Time: 2 ms 200 Relays Scan Time: 2 ms 1,000 Relays Scan Time: 2 ms

10 Redundancy Single Dual Dependability Security Complexity and Cost TMR Dual TMR All dual systems can be hot, standby, or dual primary

11 Corporate Networks Redundant HMI Servers Redundant Gateways Firewall Historian Servers Engineering Work Station Redundant Controllers HMI Workstations / Clients Event / SOE Server Synchrophasor Server M -2730M Redundant PMS LAN Substation A Substation B Substation...n -2730M -2730M -2730M -2730M -2730M -2730M Primary FEP Primary FEP Primary FEP Axion Field I/O Axion Field I/O Axion Field I/O Axion Axion Axion Backup FEP Backup FEP Backup FEP A -751A -751A -751A -751A -751A -751A -751A -751A Relays Relays Relays

12 Agenda POWERMAX Power Management System Introduction POWERMAX Functionalities (LSP) POWERMAX Simulators MOTORMAX LV Motor Management System Introduction

13 POWERMAX Functions HMI / SCADA IDDS GCS A25A and Tie Flow High-Speed Load Shedding Engineering Management

14 High-Speed Load Shedding Objectives Power system frequency stability Shed the correct amount of load Quickly shed load Process survivability Intelligently select loads that minimize the effect on the production process

15 Load Shedding Features Subcycle speed Dual primary mechanism Primary CLSP Backup UFLSP / ICLT Asset overload shedding Multiple simultaneous contingencies SOEs and event records Backup Web HMI

16 Contingency Load Shedding System contingencies Tie line Bus tie Generator breaker Turbine trip Asset overload Primary load shedding Blackout prevention Fastest independent Decision based on topology, contingency and load calculations

17 Contingency Breaker Opening Is Determined by 52A and 52B Limit Switches Flow of Current 52B 52A Closed Open Breaker in CLOSE condition SPINDLE 52A Limit Switch in CLOSE position 52B Limit Switch in OPEN position

18 Contingency-Based Load-Shedding System Contingency Breakers 52 52A and and B B Contact Statuses Contingency MW Value MW Value Breaker Close Status Breaker Close Status Bus Topology Bus Topology IRM Set Points IRM Set Points Sheddable Loads Breaker Sheddable Close Loads Status Breaker Close MW Value Status MW Value Load Topology Tracking Load Topology Load Tracking Priority Load Priority Contingency Breaker Trigger Trigger Signals Breaker Close Close Status Sta Signals Detection Contingency Contingency Calculation Calculation Load Selection Load Selection Required to Required to Shed MW Shed MW Crosspoint Switch Crosspoint Switch Contingency Load Trip Signals Load Trip Signals

19 Required to Shed (kw) n = contingency (event) number m = number of sources (generators) in system g = generator number, 1 through m L n = amount of load selected for n event (kw) P n = power disparity caused by n event (kw) IRM ng = incremental reserve margin of all generators (sources) remaining after n event (kw) mm LL nn = PP nn IIIIII nnnn gg=1 19

20 Typical CLSP Contingency Screen

21 CLSP Crosspoint Switch Screen

22 CLSP Load Screen

23 Operation Example Multiple Contingencies 23

24 Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Integrator

25 Proactive Overload Load-Shedding Screen

26 Backup Underfrequency Load Shedding Why?

27 Strategy: Keep Frequency at Nominal Ball in a Bowl Analogy

28 Advantages of POWERMAX UFLSP Dynamically selects loads (only active loads to shed) Incorporates load consumption (MW) into selection Tracks power system topology Selects correct amount of load to shed for every underfrequency threshold Sheds less load with better impact Easily changes priority of sheddable load

29 UFLSP Algorithm Detection logic monitors frequency and asserts underfrequency trigger Signal conditioning logic in UFLSP protects against chatter Event calculation logic calculates load shed for each event Crosspoint logic determines load trip signals

30 UFLSP Screen

31 Frequency (F) Inertia-Compensated Load Shedding Normal Operation Inertia-Compensated Success Do It Right! Load Shed Macrogrid MW Load to Shed DFDT < 0.5 F > Traditional Failure Time F 1 Complex Grid F 2 Blackout Load Shed ~ H DFDT = 8 1 = 8 MW Load Shed ~ H DFDT = 4 2 = 8 MW F 1 L1 F 1 L2 F 2 L3 Microgrid

32 Questions?