Distribution Substations Relaying

Transcription

1 Distribution Substations Relaying Trends That Will Affect Your Next Design Court H. Weathers, PE August

2 Trend: Increasing Integration 3

3 ElectromechanincalRelays & RTUs Limited Status (52a) Few Controls (Trip & Close) RTUs Hardwired to equipment 4

4 Digital Relays & CommGateways More Statuses (52a, Control Switches, Alarms, Limit Switches, Other Equipment) More Control (Trip/Close, Enable Reclose, Hot Line Tagging, Block Grounds, Alternate Settings) Direct Analogs (Currents, Voltages, Power) 5

5 Trend: More Data More Analogs (Trending/Historical Data) Automated Control Engineering Access (Event Retrieval, Setting Changes, Firmware and Setting Management) Future Unknown Data (Flexibility) 6

6 Trend: FlyProtect by Wire 7

7 Direct Hardwired Relays Booth & Associates, Inc. 8

8 Digital Relays Sharing Duties Multifunction Relay Wired to Multifunction Relays 9

9 Protection & Control Via Communications 10

10 Protection & Control Via Communications 11

11 Protection & Control Via Communications Protection Flexibility Advanced Functions with Existing Relays 12

12 Protection Via Communications 13

13 Trend: Advanced Communications Protocols 14

14 Utility Communications Architecture Client to Client (in Control Center) Substation to Master (at Control Center) Relay to Relay, Relay to Gateway Booth & Associates, Inc. 15

15 Proprietary Protocols ACS 3100 Conitel 3000 GE Harris 5000 L&G Telegyr 8979 QEI Quics Valmet (Tejas) Series V PG&E 2179 Booth & Associates, Inc. 16

16 Standard Protocol: DNP 3.0 Communications within Substation Proprietary Protocols Ex: SEL Protocol Used for Convenience Booth & Associates, Inc. 17

17 Standard Protocol: DNP 3.0 Limitations SCADA Focus No High-Speed Protection No Sub-Cycle Analogs (Sampled Measured Values) Booth & Associates, Inc. 18

18 Protection Capable Protocols SEL Mirrored Bits Fast (1/4 cycle) Point-to-Point Simple, Secure No One-to-Many Digital Only Booth & Associates, Inc. 19

19 Protection Capable Protocols SEL TiDL Time-Domain Link Technology Designed for Analogs & Digitals Fast (24kHz Sample Rate) Point-to-Point Proprietary Booth & Associates, Inc. 20

20 IEC61850 What is it? A Protocol Standard Defines communications between substation devices and related systems. Open Standard: multivendor, flexible, future proof. Enables Integration: protection, control, measurement, and monitoring functions within power system network. 21

21 Utility Communications Architecture Client to Client (in Control Center) Substation to Master (at Control Center) Relay to Relay, Relay to Gateway Booth & Associates, LLC 22

22 IEC EPRI & IEEE: Define a Station Bus (UCA 2.0) 1996 IEC: Similar goals. Incorporates UCA GOOSE 1997: Efforts combine. IEC

23 IEC61850 Important Features Ethernet Protocol Supports Peer-to-Peer Communications GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) Supports (SMV) Sampled Measured Values Self Describing 24

24 IEC61850 Trends Inherent with European Manufacturers US Manufacturers On Board Active US Implementation 25

25 IEC61850 Take Aways IEC is Viable Consider IEC Protocol as Option Ethernet Protocols Require Security 26

26 Trends: Battery Chargers & Monitoring 27

27 Battery Loads Electromechanical Relays No Relay Load Quiescent Loads Minimal Tripping Loads Momentary Booth & Associates, LLC 28

28 Battery Loads Digital Relays Tripping Loads Momentary Quiescent Loads Significant Loads Added Over Time Booth & Associates, LLC 29

29 Traditional Battery Chargers Charging Control and Monitoring Voltage Monitoring Charger Current (not load) Battery Temperature Battery Voltage System Grounds 30

30 Next Generation Chargers More Intuitive Interphases Better Communications Improved Alarming 31

31 System Monitors Separate Battery, Charger & Load Currents 32

32 System Monitors Separate Battery, Charger & Load Currents Load Profiling Float Voltage Profiles Load Test (Battery Integrity) Compliance Reporting 33

33 Battery Monitors Individual Cells or Jars Cell Voltage Cell Impedance Electrolyte Level Cell Temperature 34

34 Battery Chargers & Monitoring Take Aways Use Next Generation Chargers Consider System Monitoring Consider Battery Monitoring Monitoring creates data. Can you respond? 35

35 Trend: Equipment Monitoring 36

36 Equipment Monitoring Yesterday: Simple Status Only Very Few Major Alarms 37

37 Equipment Monitoring Today: Distributed I/O Many Statuses Analog Alarming Transformer Monitors Common 38

38 Equipment Monitoring: Transformers Fault Pressure 2.0 Electronic Pressure Monitor On-line Oil Monitoring On-line Bushing Monitoring Partial Discharge Monitors 39

39 Equipment Monitoring: Breakers Trip Coil Currents Charging Motor Current and Run Time Cabinet Heaters Contact Wear Speed Performance 40

40 Equipment Monitoring: Trend? Trending Data collected on site. Stored and analyzed centrally. 41

41 Trending Increasing Integration Choose Supportive Technologies Protection Via Communications Advanced Communications Protocols Protection Compatible Protocols IEC is Viable Battery Chargers & Monitoring Quiescent Load Grows System & Battery Monitors Equipment Monitoring Transformer & Breaker Monitors Data & Trending 42

42 5811 Glenwood Avenue, Suite 109 Raleigh, NC (919) Court H. Weathers, PE Operations Manager-Relay (919) , ext

43 Distribution Substations Relaying Trends That Will Affect Your Next Design References SEL TiDL (time Doman Link Technology) IEC Wikipedia Article YouTube from GE " l IEC Introduction v1" YouTube from ABB "Introduction to IEC 61850" HindlePower battery chargers and DC system products HindlePower Bruno DC System Watchdog SEL Transformer Monitor Incon/Franklin Electric Breaker Monitor Printed 8/15/18 9:08 PM References ( a).docx