Visual Basic Introduction What Is acomputer? Computer Organization Early Operating Systems 5

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1 Contents Preface xxiii 1 Introduction tocomputers, the Internet and Visual Basic Introduction What Is acomputer? Computer Organization Early Operating Systems PersonalComputing, Distributed Computing and Client/Server Computing HardwareTrends Microsoft s Windows Operating System Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages VisualBasic C, C++, Javaand VisualC# Other High-Level Languages The Internet and the World Wide Web Extensible Markup Language (XML) Microsoft s.net The.NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime Test-Driving avisual Basic Application (Only Required Section of the CaseStudy) SoftwareEngineering CaseStudy: Introduction toobject Technology and the UML Wrap-Up Web Resources 24 2 Introduction to the VisualBasicExpress 2005 IDE Introduction Overview of the Visual Studio 2005 IDE Menu Bar and Toolbar Navigating the Visual Studio IDE Solution Explorer Toolbox Properties Window Using Help 49

2 x Contents 2.6 Using VisualProgramming tocreateasimple Program that Displays Text and animage Wrap-Up Web Resources 65 3 Introduction tovisualbasicprogramming Introduction Displaying aline of Text Creating Your First Console Application in VisualBasicExpress Displaying asingle Line of Text withmultiple Statements Adding Integers Memory Concepts Arithmetic Decision Making:Equality and RelationalOperators Using amessage Dialog to Display amessage (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Examining the ATM Requirements Document Wrap-Up Web Resources Introduction toclasses and Objects Introduction Classes, Objects,Methods and InstanceVariables Declaring aclass withamethod and Instantiating anobject of aclass Declaring amethod with aparameter InstanceVariables and Properties Value Types and Reference Types Initializing Objects withconstructors Validating Data with Set Accessors in Properties (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document Wrap-Up Control Statements: Part Introduction Algorithms Pseudocode Control Structures If Then Selection Statement If Then Else Selection Statement While Repetition Statement Do While Loop Repetition Statement Do Until Loop Repetition Statement 177

3 Contents xi 5.10 Compound Assignment Operators Formulating Algorithms:Counter-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms:Sentinel-Controlled Repetition Formulating Algorithms:Nested Control Statements Formulating Algorithms:Nested Repetition Statements VisualBasicProgramming in awindows Application (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Identifying Class Attributes in the ATM System Wrap-Up Control Statements: Part Introduction Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition For Next Repetition Statement Examples Using the For Next Statement GradeBook Case Study: Select Case Multiple-Selection Statement Do Loop While Repetition Statement Do Loop Until Repetition Statement Using the Exit Statement in Repetition Statements Using the Continue Statement in Repetition Statements LogicalOperators (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Identifying Objects States and Activities in the ATM System Wrap-Up Methods:ADeeper Look Introduction Modules,Classes and Methods Subroutines:Methods That Do Not Return avalue Functions:Methods That Return avalue Shared Methods and Class Math GradeBook Case Study: Declaring Methods withmultiple Parameters Notes on Declaring and Using Methods Method Call Stack and Activation Records Implicit Argument Conversions Option Strict and Data-Type Conversions Value Types and Reference Types FrameworkClass Library Namespaces Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs.pass-by-reference Scope of Declarations CaseStudy: Random Number Generation CaseStudy: AGame of Chance Method Overloading Optional Parameters 309

4 xii Contents 7.19 Recursion (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Identifying Class Operations in the ATM System Wrap-Up Arrays Introduction Arrays Declaring and Allocating Arrays Examples Using Arrays Allocating anarray Initializing the Values in an Array Summing the Elements of an Array Using Arrays toanalyzesurvey Results Using Bar Charts to Display Array DataGraphically Using the Elements of an Array as Counters CaseStudy: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Passing anarray toamethod For Each Next Repetition Statement GradeBook Case Study: Using an Array to StoreGrades Sorting anarray with Method Sort of Class Array Searching Arrays Searching anarray withlinear Search Searching asorted Array with Method BinarySearch of Class Array Rectangular Arrays GradeBook Case Study: Using arectangular Array Variable-LengthParameter Lists Jagged Arrays Changing the Size ofanarray at Execution Time: Using the ReDim Statement Passing Arrays: ByVal vs. ByRef (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Collaboration Among Objects in the ATM System Wrap-Up Classes and Objects:ADeeper Look Introduction Time Class CaseStudy Class Scope Default and Parameterless Constructors Time Class CaseStudy: Overloaded Constructors PartialClasses Composition Using the Me Reference toaccess the Current Object 417

5 Contents xiii 9.9 Garbage Collection Shared Class Members Const and ReadOnly Members Object Browser Time Class CaseStudy: Creating Class Libraries (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Starting toprogram the Classes of the ATM System Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming:Inheritance Introduction BaseClasses and Derived Classes Protected Members Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance Creating a CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee InheritanceHierarchy CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee InheritanceHierarchy Using Protected InstanceVariables CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee InheritanceHierarchy Using Private InstanceVariables Constructors in Derived Classes SoftwareEngineering withinheritance Class Object Friend Members Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming:Polymorphism Introduction Polymorphic Video Game Demonstrating PolymorphicBehavior Abstract Classes and Methods CaseStudy: Payroll System Class Hierarchy Using Polymorphism Creating Abstract BaseClass Employee Creating ConcreteDerived Class SalariedEmployee Creating ConcreteDerived Class HourlyEmployee Creating ConcreteDerived Class CommissionEmployee Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing,Expression TypeOf Is, TryCast and Downcasting Summary of the Allowed Assignments between BaseClass and Derived Class Variables 518

6 xiv Contents 11.6 NotOverridable Methods and NotInheritable Classes CaseStudy: Creating and Using Interfaces Developing an IPayable Hierarchy Declaring Interface IPayable Creating Class Invoice Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface IPayable Modifying Class SalariedEmployee for Usein the IPayable Hierarchy Using Interface IPayable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically Common Interfaces of the.net Framework Class Library (FCL) (Optional) Software Engineering CaseStudy: Incorporating Inheritanceand Polymorphisminto the ATM System Wrap-Up Exception Handling Introduction Exception Handling Overview Example: Divide by ZeroWithout Exception Handling Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions Enclosing Code in a Try Block Catching Exceptions Uncaught Exceptions Termination Model of Exception Handling Flow of Control When Exceptions Occur NET Exception Hierarchy Classes ApplicationException and SystemException Determining WhichExceptions amethod Throws Finally Block Exception Properties User-Defined Exception Classes Wrap-Up Graphical User Interface Concepts:Part Introduction Windows Forms Event Handling ASimple Event-Driven GUI Another Look at the Visual Studio Generated Code Delegates and the Event-Handling Mechanism Other Ways tocreateevent Handlers Locating Event Information Control Properties and Layout 588

7 Contents xv 13.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons GroupBoxes and Panels CheckBoxes and RadioButtons P ictureboxes ToolTips NumericUpDown Control Mouse-Event Handling Keyboard-Event Handling Wrap-Up Graphical User Interface Concepts:Part Introduction Menus MonthCalendar Control DateTimePicker Control LinkLabel Control ListBox Control CheckedListBox Control ComboBox Control TreeView Control ListView Control TabControl Control Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows VisualInheritance User-Defined Controls Wrap-Up Multithreading Introduction Thread States:Life Cycle of athread Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling Creating and Executing Threads Thread Synchronization and Class Monitor Producer/Consumer Relationship without ThreadSynchronization Producer/Consumer Relationship withthreadsynchronization Producer/Consumer Relationship:Circular Buffer Multithreading withguis Wrap-Up Strings,Characters and Regular Expressions Introduction Fundamentals of Characters and Strings String Constructors 743

8 xvi Contents 16.4 String Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method Comparing Strings Locating Characters and Substrings in Strings Extracting Substrings from Strings Concatenating Strings Miscellaneous String Methods Class StringBuilder Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder Char Methods Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Regular Expressions and Class RegEx Regular Expression Example Validating User Input with Regular Expressions Regex methods Replace and Split Wrap-Up Graphics and Multimedia Introduction Drawing Classes and the CoordinateSystem Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects Color Control Font Control Drawing Lines,Rectangles and Ovals Drawing Arcs Drawing Polygons and Polylines Advanced Graphics Capabilities Introduction tomultimedia Loading,Displaying and Scaling Images Animating aseries of Images Windows MediaPlayer Microsoft Agent Wrap-Up Files and Streams Introduction DataHierarchy Files and Streams Classes File and Directory Creating asequential-access Text File Reading Datafrom asequential-access Text File CaseStudy: ACredit-Inquiry Program 876

9 Contents xvii 18.8 Serialization Creating asequential-access File Using Object Serialization Reading and Deserializing Datafrom asequential-access Text File Wrap-Up Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML) Introduction XML Basics Structuring Data XML Namespaces Document Type Definitions (DTDs) W3CXML Schema Documents (Optional) Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL Transformations (Optional) Document Object Model (DOM) (Optional) SchemaValidation withclass XmlReader (Optional) XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransform Wrap-Up Web Resources Database,SQL and ADO.NET Introduction RelationalDatabases RelationalDatabase Overview: Books Database SQL Basic SELECT Query WHERE Clause ORDER BY Clause Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN INSERT Statement UPDATE Statement DELETE Statement ADO.NET Object Model Programming with ADO.NET: Extracting Information from adatabase Displaying adatabasetable in a DataGridView How Data Binding Works Querying the Books Database Programming with ADO.NET: Address Book CaseStudy Using a DataSet toread and WriteXML Wrap-Up Web Resources ASP.NET 2.0,WebForms and WebControls Introduction Simple HTTP Transactions 1018

10 xviii Contents 21.3 Multitier Application Architecture Creating and Running asimple Web-FormExample Examining anaspx File Examining acode-behind File Relationship Between an ASPX File and acode-behind File How the Code in an ASP.NET Web Page Executes Examining the XHTML Generated by anasp.net Application Building anasp.net Web Application Web Controls Text and Graphics Controls AdRotator Control Validation Controls Session Tracking Cookies Session Tracking with HttpSessionState CaseStudy: Connecting toadatabaseinasp.net Building aweb FormThat Displays Datafrom adatabase Modifying the Code-Behind File for the Guestbook Application CaseStudy: Secure Books DatabaseApplication Examining the Completed SecureBooks DatabaseApplication Creating the Secure Books DatabaseApplication Wrap-Up Web Resources WebServices Introduction NET Web Services Basics Creating aweb ServiceinVisual Web Developer Determining aweb Service s Functionality Testing aweb Service s Methods Building aclient to UseaWeb Service Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Publishing and Consuming Web Services Defining the HugeInteger Web Service Building aweb ServiceinVisual Web Developer Deploying the HugeInteger Web Service Creating aclient toconsume the HugeInteger Web Service Consuming the HugeInteger Web Service Session Tracking in Web Services Creating ablackjack Web Service Consuming the Blackjack Web Service Using Web Forms and Web Services Adding Data Components to aweb Service Creating aweb Form to Interact with the Airline Reservation Web Service 1169

11 Contents xix 22.7 User-Defined Types in Web Services Wrap-Up Web Resources Networking:Streams-Based Sockets and Datagrams Introduction Connection-Oriented vs. Connectionless Communication Protocols for Transporting Data Establishing asimple TCP Server Using StreamSockets Establishing asimple TCP Client Using StreamSockets Client/Server Interaction withstream-socket Connections Connectionless Client/Server Interaction withdatagrams Client/Server Tic-Tac-Toe Using amultithreaded Server WebBrowser Class NET Remoting Wrap-Up DataStructures Introduction Primitive-Type Structures; Boxing and Unboxing Self-ReferentialClasses Linked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Binary Search Tree of Integer Values Binary SearchTree of IComparable Objects Wrap-Up Generics Introduction Motivation for Generic Methods GenericMethod Implementation Type Constraints Overloading Generic Methods GenericClasses Notes on Generics and Inheritance Wrap-Up Collections Introduction Collections Overview 1315

12 xx Contents 26.3 Class Array and Enumerators Non-GenericCollections Class ArrayList Class Stack Class Hashtable GenericCollections GenericClass SortedDictionary GenericClass LinkedList Synchronized Collections Wrap-Up 1339 A Operator Precedence Chart 1345 B Number Systems 1347 B.1 Introduction 1348 B.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and HexadecimalNumbers 1351 B.3 Converting Octaland HexadecimalNumbers to Binary Numbers 1352 B.4 Converting from Binary, Octalor Hexadecimal todecimal 1352 B.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary,Octalor Hexadecimal 1353 B.6 NegativeBinary Numbers: Two s Complement Notation 1355 C Using the VisualStudio 2005 Debugger 1360 C.1 Introduction 1361 C.2 Breakpoints and the Continue Command 1361 C.3 The Locals and Watch Windows 1366 C.4 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue Commands 1369 C.5 Other Features 1372 C.5.1 Edit and Continue 1372 C.5.2 Exception Assistant 1374 C.5.3 Just My Code Debugging 1375 C.5.4 Other New Debugger Features 1376 C.6 Wrap-Up 1376 D ASCII Character Set 1379 E Unicode 1380 E.1 Introduction 1381 E.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 1382 E.3 Characters and Glyphs 1383 E.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 1383

13 Contents xxi E.5 Unicode Consortium s Web Site 1384 E.6 Using Unicode 1385 E.7 Character Ranges 1387 F Introduction toxhtml: Part F.1 Introduction 1393 F.2 Editing XHTML 1393 F.3 First XHTML Example 1394 F.4 W3CXHTML Validation Service 1397 F.5 Headers 1398 F.6 Linking 1400 F.7 Images 1402 F.8 SpecialCharacters and MoreLine Breaks 1406 F.9 Unordered Lists 1408 F.10 Nested and Ordered Lists 1410 F.11 Web Resources 1412 G Introduction toxhtml: Part G.1 Introduction 1414 G.2 BasicXHTML Tables 1414 G.3 IntermediateXHTML Tables and Formatting 1417 G.4 BasicXHTML Forms 1419 G.5 More Complex XHTML Forms 1422 G.6 InternalLinking 1429 G.7 Creating and Using Image Maps 1432 G.8 meta Elements 1435 G.9 frameset Element 1437 G.10 Nested framesets 1441 G.11 Web Resources 1443 H XHTML Special Characters 1444 I XHTML Colors 1446 J ATM Case Study Code 1449 J.1 ATM CaseStudy Implementation 1449 J.2 Class ATM 1450 J.3 Class Screen 1455 J.4 Class Keypad 1456 J.5 Class CashDispenser 1457 J.6 Class DepositSlot 1458

14 xxii Contents J.7 Class Account 1459 J.8 Class BankDatabase 1461 J.9 Class Transaction 1463 J.10 Class BalanceInquiry 1465 J.11 Class Withdrawal 1466 J.12 Class Deposit 1470 J.13 Module ATMCaseStudy 1473 J.14 Wrap-Up 1473 K UML 2:AdditionalDiagramTypes 1474 K.1 Introduction 1474 K.2 AdditionalDiagram Types 1474 L Primitive Types 1476 Index 1478

Before You Begin. and Visual Basic 1

Before You Begin. and Visual Basic 1 Contents Preface Before You Begin xxiii xli 1 Introduction to Computers, the Internet and Visual Basic 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 What Is a Computer? 3 1.3 Computer Organization 3 1.4 Early Operating Systems