Contents. 2 Introduction to C++ Programming,

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1 cppfp2_toc.fm Page vii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM Chapter 24 and Appendices F K are PDF documents posted online at Preface xix 1 Introduction Introduction C Object Technology Typical C++ Development Environment Test-Driving a C++ Application Operating Systems Windows A Proprietary Operating System Linux An Open-Source Operating System Apple s OS X; Apple s ios for iphone, ipad and ipod Touch Devices Google s Android C++11 and the Open Source Boost Libraries Web Resources 18 2 Introduction to C++ Programming, Input/Output and Operators Introduction First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Text Modifying Our First C++ Program Another C++ Program: Adding Integers Arithmetic Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators Wrap-Up 35 3 Introduction to Classes, Objects and Strings Introduction Defining a Class with a Member Function Defining a Member Function with a Parameter Data Members, set Member Functions and get Member Functions Initializing Objects with Constructors 50

2 cppfp2_toc.fm Page viii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM viii 3.6 Placing a Class in a Separate File for Reusability Separating Interface from Implementation Validating Data with set Functions Wrap-Up 68 4 Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and -- Operators Introduction Control Structures if Selection Statement if else Double-Selection Statement while Repetition Statement Counter-Controlled Repetition Sentinel-Controlled Repetition Nested Control Statements Assignment Operators Increment and Decrement Operators Wrap-Up 99 5 Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators Introduction Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition for Repetition Statement Examples Using the for Statement do while Repetition Statement switch Multiple-Selection Statement break and continue Statements Logical Operators Confusing the Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators Wrap-Up Functions and an Introduction to Recursion Introduction Math Library Functions Function Definitions with Multiple Parameters Function Prototypes and Argument Coercion C++ Standard Library Headers Case Study: Random Number Generation Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing enum C++11 Random Numbers Storage Classes and Storage Duration Scope Rules Function Call Stack and Activation Records 158

3 cppfp2_toc.fm Page ix Thursday, February 14, :33 AM ix 6.12 Functions with Empty Parameter Lists Inline Functions References and Reference Parameters Default Arguments Unary Scope Resolution Operator Function Overloading Function Templates Recursion Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series Recursion vs. Iteration Wrap-Up Class Templates array and vector; Catching Exceptions Introduction arrays Declaring arrays Examples Using arrays Declaring an array and Using a Loop to Initialize the array s Elements Initializing an array in a Declaration with an Initializer List Specifying an array s Size with a Constant Variable and Setting array Elements with Calculations Summing the Elements of an array Using Bar Charts to Display array Data Graphically Using the Elements of an array as Counters Using arrays to Summarize Survey Results Static Local arrays and Automatic Local arrays Range-Based for Statement Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an array to Store Grades Sorting and Searching arrays Multidimensional arrays Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional array Introduction to C++ Standard Library Class Template vector Wrap-Up Pointers Introduction Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization Pointer Operators Pass-by-Reference with Pointers Built-In Arrays Using const with Pointers Nonconstant Pointer to Nonconstant Data Nonconstant Pointer to Constant Data 241

4 cppfp2_toc.fm Page x Thursday, February 14, :33 AM x Constant Pointer to Nonconstant Data Constant Pointer to Constant Data sizeof Operator Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic Relationship Between Pointers and Built-In Arrays Pointer-Based Strings Wrap-Up Classes: A Deeper Look; Throwing Exceptions Introduction Time Class Case Study Class Scope and Accessing Class Members Access Functions and Utility Functions Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Arguments Destructors When Constructors and Destructors Are Called Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap Returning a Reference or a Pointer to a private Data Member Default Memberwise Assignment const Objects and const Member Functions Composition: Objects as Members of Classes friend Functions and friend Classes Using the this Pointer static Class Members Wrap-Up Operator Overloading; Class string Introduction Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class string Fundamentals of Operator Overloading Overloading Binary Operators Overloading the Binary Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operators Overloading Unary Operators Overloading the Unary Prefix and Postfix ++ and -- Operators Case Study: A Date Class Dynamic Memory Management Case Study: Array Class Using the Array Class Array Class Definition Operators as Member vs. Non-Member Functions Converting Between Types explicit Constructors and Conversion Operators Overloading the Function Call Operator () Wrap-Up 341

5 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xi Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xi 11 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance Introduction Base Classes and Derived Classes Relationship between Base and Derived Classes Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class Without Using Inheritance Creating a CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Data CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Data Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes public, protected and private Inheritance Software Engineering with Inheritance Wrap-Up Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism Introduction Introduction to Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Game Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy Invoking Base-Class Functions from Derived-Class Objects Aiming Derived-Class Pointers at Base-Class Objects Derived-Class Member-Function Calls via Base-Class Pointers Virtual Functions and Virtual Destructors Type Fields and switch Statements Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism Creating Abstract Base Class Employee Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing (Optional) Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding Under the Hood Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Type Information with Downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_info Wrap-Up Stream Input/Output: A Deeper Look Introduction 416

6 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xii 13.2 Streams Classic Streams vs. Standard Streams iostream Library Headers Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects Stream Output Output of char * Variables Character Output Using Member Function put Stream Input get and getline Member Functions istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignore Type-Safe I/O Unformatted I/O Using read, write and gcount Introduction to Stream Manipulators Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbase Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision) Field Width (width, setw) User-Defined Output Stream Manipulators Stream Format States and Stream Manipulators Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (showpoint) Justification (left, right and internal) Padding (fill, setfill) Integral Stream Base (dec, oct, hex, showbase) Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific and Fixed Notation (scientific, fixed) Uppercase/Lowercase Control (uppercase) Specifying Boolean Format (boolalpha) Setting and Resetting the Format State via Member Function flags Stream Error States Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream Wrap-Up File Processing Introduction Files and Streams Creating a Sequential File Reading Data from a Sequential File Updating Sequential Files Random-Access Files Creating a Random-Access File Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File Reading from a Random-Access File Sequentially Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program Object Serialization Wrap-Up 473

7 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xiii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xiii 15 Standard Library Containers and Iterators Introduction Introduction to Containers Introduction to Iterators Introduction to Algorithms Sequence Containers vector Sequence Container list Sequence Container deque Sequence Container Associative Containers multiset Associative Container set Associative Container multimap Associative Container map Associative Container Container Adapters stack Adapter queue Adapter priority_queue Adapter Class bitset Wrap-Up Standard Library Algorithms Introduction Minimum Iterator Requirements Algorithms fill, fill_n, generate and generate_n equal, mismatch and lexicographical_compare remove, remove_if, remove_copy and remove_copy_if replace, replace_if, replace_copy and replace_copy_if Mathematical Algorithms Basic Searching and Sorting Algorithms swap, iter_swap and swap_ranges copy_backward, merge, unique and reverse inplace_merge, unique_copy and reverse_copy Set Operations lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_range Heapsort min, max, minmax and minmax_element Function Objects Lambda Expressions Standard Library Algorithm Summary Wrap-Up Exception Handling: A Deeper Look Introduction 561

8 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xiv Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xiv 17.2 Example: Handling an Attempt to Divide by Zero Rethrowing an Exception Stack Unwinding When to Use Exception Handling Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling Exceptions and Inheritance Processing new Failures Class unique_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation Standard Library Exception Hierarchy Wrap-Up Introduction to Custom Templates Introduction Class Templates Function Template to Manipulate a Class-Template Specialization Object Nontype Parameters Default Arguments for Template Type Parameters Overloading Function Templates Wrap-Up Class string and String Stream Processing: A Deeper Look Introduction string Assignment and Concatenation Comparing strings Substrings Swapping strings string Characteristics Finding Substrings and Characters in a string Replacing Characters in a string Inserting Characters into a string Conversion to Pointer-Based char * Strings Iterators String Stream Processing C++11 Numeric Conversion Functions Wrap-Up Bits, Characters, C Strings and structs Introduction Structure Definitions typedef Example: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation Bitwise Operators 621

9 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xv Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xv 20.6 Bit Fields Character-Handling Library C String-Manipulation Functions C String-Conversion Functions Search Functions of the C String-Handling Library Memory Functions of the C String-Handling Library Wrap-Up Other Topics Introduction const_cast Operator mutable Class Members namespaces Operator Keywords Pointers to Class Members (.* and ->*) Multiple Inheritance Multiple Inheritance and virtual Base Classes Wrap-Up ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML Introduction Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Examining the ATM Requirements Document Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document Identifying Class Attributes Identifying Objects States and Activities Identifying Class Operations Indicating Collaboration Among Objects Wrap-Up ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design Introduction Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM System ATM Case Study Implementation Class ATM Class Screen Class Keypad Class CashDispenser Class DepositSlot 752

10 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xvi Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xvi Class Account Class BankDatabase Class Transaction Class BalanceInquiry Class Withdrawal Class Deposit Test Program ATMCaseStudy.cpp Wrap-Up 771 A Operator Precedence and Associativity 774 B ASCII Character Set 777 C Fundamental Types 778 D Number Systems 780 D.1 Introduction 781 D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 784 D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 785 D.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 785 D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 786 D.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two s Complement Notation 788 E Preprocessor 790 E.1 Introduction 791 E.2 #include Preprocessing Directive 791 E.3 #define Preprocessing Directive: Symbolic Constants 792 E.4 #define Preprocessing Directive: Macros 792 E.5 Conditional Compilation 794 E.6 #error and #pragma Preprocessing Directives 795 E.7 Operators # and ## 796 E.8 Predefined Symbolic Constants 796 E.9 Assertions 797 E.10 Wrap-Up 797 Index 799 Online Chapters and Appendices Chapter 24 and Appendices F K are PDF documents posted online at 24 C++11 Additional Features 24-1

11 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xvii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM xvii F C Legacy Code Topics F-1 G UML 2: Additional Diagram Types G-1 H Using the Visual Studio Debugger H-1 I Using the GNU C++ Debugger I-1 J Using the Xcode Debugger J-1 K Test Driving a C++ Program on Mac OS X K-1 [Note: The test drives for Windows and Linux are in Chapter 1.]

12 cppfp2_toc.fm Page xviii Thursday, February 14, :33 AM

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