I N S T R U C T O R - L E D C O U R S E W A R E. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition EVALUATION ONLY

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1 I N S T R U C T O R - L E D C O U R S E W A R E Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition PCM Courseware, LLC 4230 N. Oakland, #252., Shorewood WI Phone Fax PCM Courseware, LLC 1

2 I N S T R U C T O R - L E D C O U R S E W A R E Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition PCM Courseware N. Oakland, #252., Shorewood WI Phone Fax COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND LICENSE AGREEMENT PCM Courseware LLC 2007 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This material is copyrighted and all rights are reserved by PCM Courseware, LLC. When you purchase this product, you are entitled to an unlimited-use of manual in perpetuity. This product may be used by instructors only at a single location unless licenses were purchased for more than one location. The number of locations eligible for use of the course materials will equal the number of site licenses purchased. You may copy and distribute the manual files, lesson files and lab files only within the confines of the specific site(s) of the license agreement. You may not under any circumstances, distribute, rent, or lease the manual, its documentation, the training files, or any copies thereof, to third parties. While every genuine effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material, PCM Courseware, LLC makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the correctness, reliability and freedom from error of the manual or the related training files. Data used in this manual and its training files are fictitious. Any reference to actual persons or companies is entirely coincidental. PCM Courseware, LLC reserves the right to revise this manual and its files and make changes form time to time in their content without notice. The purchaser s remedy for problems or inconveniences encountered from the use of the training manual or its related training files shall be limited to the refund of the price paid for this courseware. PCM Courseware, LLC shall not be liable to the purchaser or any other person with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused, directly or indirectly, by use of this courseware or the related training files. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 2

3 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS...3 SWITCHING TO A MAC - INTRODUCTION...6 COURSE REQUIREMENTS... 6 COMPONENTS OF THE MANUAL... 7 TRAINING FILES... 7 WHAT S NEW IN LEOPARD?... 9 LESSON 1 - THE FUNDAMENTALS OPERATING SYSTEM BASICS LOGGING ON TO YOUR MAC UNDERSTANDING THE MAC INTERFACE USING THE MOUSE USING THE KEYBOARD INVESTIGATING MENUS USING SHORTCUT MENUS USING THE DOCK USING TRASH GETTING HELP LESSON SUMMARY THE FUNDAMENTALS LESSON 1 QUIZ LAB 1 ON YOUR OWN LESSON 2 - INTERACTING WITH WINDOWS THE PARTS OF A WINDOW NAVIGATING A WINDOW MINIMIZING, ZOOMING AND CLOSING A WINDOW MOVING A WINDOW CHANGING THE SIZE OF A WINDOW SWITCHING BETWEEN WINDOWS HIDING THE FINDER TOOLBAR USING EXPOSÉ CHANGING WINDOW VIEWS USING QUICK LOOK LESSON SUMMARY INTERACTING WITH WINDOWS LESSON 2 QUIZ LAB 2 ON YOUR OWN LESSON 3 - ACCESSING FOLDERS AND DISKS A LOOK AT OS X DISK ORGANIZATION PCM Courseware, LLC 3

4 3.2 OPENING FOLDERS AND DISKS USING THE GO MENU THE FINDER TOOLBAR USING THE SIDEBAR RECENT FOLDERS SORTING THE CONTENTS OF A FOLDER BROWSING THE CONTENTS OF FOLDERS NAVIGATING FOLDER HIERARCHY LESSON SUMMARY WORKING WITH FOLDERS AND DISKS LESSON 3 QUIZ LAB 3 ON YOUR OWN LESSON 4 - WORKING WITH FILES AND FOLDERS CREATING A NEW FOLDER RENAMING A FILE OR FOLDER COPYING FILES AND FOLDERS MOVING FILES AND FOLDERS DELETING FILES AND FOLDERS RESTORING A DELETED FILE EMPTYING THE TRASH USING THE INFO WINDOW FINDING FILES USING SPOTLIGHT FINDING FILES IN THE FINDER WINDOW USING SMART FOLDERS SELECTING MULTIPLE FILES AND FOLDERS CREATING AN ALIAS COLOR CODING FINDER ITEMS COMPRESSING FILES AND FOLDERS USING BURN FOLDERS LESSON SUMMARY WORKING WITH FILES AND FOLDERS LESSON 4 QUIZ LAB 4 ON YOUR OWN LESSON 5 - CUSTOMIZING YOUR MAC ARRANGING FINDER WINDOW ICONS SETTING DOCK PROPERTIES ADDING ITEMS TO THE DOCK REMOVING ITEMS FROM THE DOCK SETTING SYSTEM PREFERENCES MODIFYING APPEARANCE PREFERENCES CHANGING THE DESKTOP BACKGROUND ADDING A SCREEN SAVER CDS & DVDS SETTING SPOTLIGHT PREFERENCES MODIFYING DATE AND TIME PROPERTIES SETTING ENERGY SAVER OPTIONS SETTING VIEW OPTIONS SETTING FINDER PREFERENCES APPLYING AND REMOVING A CUSTOM ICON ADMINISTRATOR ACCESS TOOLS LESSON SUMMARY CUSTOMIZING YOUR MAC LESSON 5 QUIZ LAB 5 ON YOUR OWN Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 4

5 LESSON 6 - WORKING WITH APPLICATIONS OPENING APPLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS OPENING ITEMS AT LOGIN USING TEXTEDIT CUTTING, COPYING AND PASTING TEXT FORMATTING TEXT SAVING A FILE QUITTING AN APPLICATION FORCING AN APPLICATION TO QUIT INSTALLING & REMOVING APPLICATIONS PREVIEWING FONTS WITH FONT BOOK USING AUTOMATOR USING DASHBOARD ORGANIZING CONTACTS WITH ADDRESS BOOK ORGANIZING YOUR SCHEDULE WITH ICAL MANAGING WINDOWS WITH SPACES BACKING UP WITH TIME MACHINE MAC UTILITIES MAC VS. WINDOWS APPLICATIONS LESSON SUMMARY WORKING WITH APPLICATIONS LESSON 6 QUIZ LAB 6 ON YOUR OWN LESSON 7 - GOING ON THE INTERNET SETTING UP AN INTERNET CONNECTION STARTING SAFARI BROWSING A WEB PAGE ADDING BOOKMARKS MANAGING BOOKMARKS SAFARI RSS SETTING INTERNET OPTIONS SEARCHING THE INTERNET INTRODUCTION TO MAIL COMPOSING & SENDING SENDING ATTACHMENTS RECEIVING ELECTRONIC MAIL LESSON SUMMARY GOING ON THE INTERNET LESSON 7 QUIZ LAB 7 ON YOUR OWN CLASS PROJECT APPENDIX 1 MAC VS. WINDOWS VOCABULARY INDEX PCM Courseware, LLC 5

6 Switching to a Mac - Introduction Welcome to PCM Courseware! PCM Course is a distinctive, flexible system for an instructor-led environment that facilitates learning via auditory, visual and hands-on experiences by each student. The manual is broken down into several lessons with each lesson subdivided into several sections. Each section covers a particular skill or concept related to the main lesson topic. In each section you will find: 1. A brief introduction to the section concept 2. Step-by-step how to instructions 3. A hands-on Let s Try It exercise which the students performs with the instructor 4. Chapter summary, summarizing the main topics covered in the chapter 5. Chapter quiz 6. An independent On Your Own activity at the end of each lesson to identify any problem areas and to ensure that learning has taken place. Rather than having to sift through blocks of paragraphs of written text, the introductions are brief and easy to understand, illustrated with diagrams, lists, tables and screen shots to aid in comprehension and retention. The step-by-step format of the manual enables for quick scanning by the instructor during teaching time and the ability to pull out the main points quickly without having to filter the desired information from chunks of text. Course Requirements This course assumes no previous experienced with personal computers, using a mouse or the Macintosh operating system. These concepts will be covered during this course. A full installation of Macintosh OS X should be available on each desktop, with a fresh installation strongly encouraged. In order to complete some of the lessons in the Using Internet Tools chapter, an active Internet connection is required. Each student will need a blank CD in order to complete the Burn Folder lesson. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 6

7 Components of the Manual The Macintosh OS X manual contains the following components: A Table of Contents - to allow the students to quickly find desired concepts Introduction discussion of manual components, course requirements, courseware philosophy and training lab setup. Lessons The lessons are the manual chapters, each of which is composed of several sections relating to the lesson topic or skill. Sections Each section begins with a brief introduction to the section topic and is followed by step-by-step instructions on how the student is to accomplish a particular task. The students then perform the task with the instructor in a Let s Do It! exercise. Each step in the Let s Do It exercise provides the How (step-by-step) and Why (the reason for performing the step) of each phase necessary to accomplish the task. Labs Each section concludes with an independent On Your Own exercise called a Lab. The lab gives the opportunity for the student to practice what he/she has learned and to discover any problem areas with the topic in the section. Each lab covers skills in each section of the lesson. Chapter Summary Each section concludes with a Chapter Summary which briefly reviews all of the topics and concepts discussed in the section. Chapter Quiz Each section concludes with an independent Chapter Quiz to test the level of learning that has taken place. The quiz is in multiple choice and short answer format and can be done in class together or as an end of chapter test. Class Project The course concludes with an independent Class Project to test the level of learning that has taken place. In this project, the student utilizes skills learned throughout the class. Index - to allow the students to quickly find desired concepts Training Files Each PCM Courseware course comes with a set of lesson files and lab files designed to employ real-world situations and examples. The lesson files are designed to be used in the Let s Do It! exercises that the student performs with the instructor. The lab files are to be used for the On Your Own exercises at the end of each Lesson. Both the lesson files and lab files should be stored in a folder on the student s Desktop 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 7

8 named Lesson Files. The Pending folder should also be located on the student s desktop. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 8

9 What s New in Leopard? What s New Classic Cover Flow View ichat Mail Parental Control Quick Look Safari Screen Sharing Spaces Stacks Time Machine Description of Feature You can no longer run Mac OS 9 programs in Leopard. New Finder view which allows you to display a preview of the highlighted file as well as navigate the pages of multi-page documents. New features include adding a photo or video as a backdrop as well as displaying documents and movies while videoconferencing. New features include stationery, RSS feeds, To Do lists, Notes and the ability to add phone numbers, addresses and dates to ical and Address Book. Allows you to set time limits and restrict activities for your children s use on the computer. Allows you to view most documents at full size without having to launch its associated application. Now includes tabbed browsing and a PDF viewer in the browser window. You can share your screen with others on a network or on the Internet. Allows you to group your windows in 2, 4, 8 or 16 virtual panes. When you click on an icon in the Dock, its contents arc or fan out in a grid. Provides hourly backup to an external drive of everything on your Mac PCM Courseware, LLC 9

10 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Lesson 1 Lesson 1 - The Fundamentals Lesson Topics: 1.1 Operating System Basics 1.2 Logging onto your Mac 1.3 Understanding the Mac Interface 1.4 Using the Mouse 1.5 Using the Keyboard 1.6 Investigating Menus 1.7 Using Shortcut Menus 1.8 Using the Dock 1.9 Using Trash 1.10 Getting Help Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 10

11 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.1 Operating System Basics In this lesson, we will learn the basics of an Operating System W elcome to Switching to a Mac, featuring Apple s latest operating system, OS 10.5 Leopard! This course assumes that you are considering switching or have already switched from a Windows operating system, such as XP or Vista to Mac OS X. While the purpose of the class is not enter into the often heated, no-win debate of which is better, we will say that Mac OS X is ascetically pleasing, solid, easy to work with and virtually virus-free. As you begin to learn the Mac operating system, you may be surprised at the similarities between OS X and Windows. However, there are differences with different terminology between the two. Before we begin to work with the Macintosh, it is helpful to understand what exactly Mac OS X is and what it does. Mac OS X marks the beginning of the next generation of Macintosh operating system, incorporating an innovative new look and feel. It represents one of the most significant upgrades Apple has made to the Macintosh Operating System. First it is important to understand what an Operating System does. An Operating System is a software program that controls just about everything your computer does, such as: Controls the application programs that run on your computer Controls the computer s hardware Implements user management utilities and features such as the Finder and the Dock Organizes the files and folders on your 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 11

12 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Mac OS X is actually made up of two operating systems, which provide for maximum power and flexibility. These are: Unix A powerful and complex command-line interface Aqua The graphical overlay of Mac OS X Previous versions of OS X included Mac OS 9 Classic support, allowing you to your run your pre-os X computer applications on OX 10. The classic environment is no longer supported on newer Intel-based Macintosh computers or under the Leopard operating system. While the Windows operating system (Windows XP, Windows Vista, etc.) will run on different computers, such as Dell, Gateway, Toshiba, Compaq, etc., the Macintosh operating system will only run on Macintosh computers manufactured by Apple, Inc. If you are new to computers or to the Mac, you are about to embark on an exciting new journey the discovery of Mac OS X. So let s get started! Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 12

13 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.2 Logging On to Your Mac In this lesson, we will learn how to start and log on to your Mac. T he most basic task you will need to do with your computer is turning it on and logging on to your Mac. To turn on your computer, find your computer s On/Off switch. Assuming your computer is plugged in correctly, Mac OS X should launch. Depending on how your computer is set up, you may be presented by a list of users who have been added to the computer s account list. Click your user name, type your assigned password in the text box and then press the Return key. If you are about to turn on a brand new out-of the-box Mac, you will need to configure your computer first. After you turn on your computer, your Mac will prompt you for some information: your name, the language you prefer, keyboard layout (US Or Canada), short name (the name you want to give to your home folder), and the password you want to use to log on to your Mac. If you already a wireless network available, your Mac should identify it. If your network is security enabled, you will need to provide your WiFi password or key. We will discuss setting up a new network in a later lesson. You are now ready to begin working with your Macintosh! To Log On to Your Mac 1. Find the computer s On/Off switch. 2. Press the On/Off switch. 3. Move your cursor over the icon that corresponds to your user name and then click with your mouse button. 4. Type your password in the password box. 5. Click Log in. Let s Try It! What 1. If your Macintosh is not turned on, press the On/Off switch. 2. When the Mac OS X screen appears, move your mouse cursor over your username in the list and click with your mouse. Why Powers on the computer. Opens the password 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 13

14 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S What 3. Type your name in the password box and then click Log In with your mouse. Why Logs into the computer. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 14

15 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.3 Understanding the Mac Interface In this lesson, we will take a look at the Macintosh Interface. T his lesson will help you become familiar with the Mac OS X screen, also known as the Desktop. The Desktop is the first screen you will see after logging in to the computer. The table below summarizes the major elements of the Mac OS X screen. Don t worry if the Mac screen appears mystifying or confusing at first. Each of these elements will be covered in detail in subsequent lessons. This lesson is just to introduce to you to major parts of the 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 15

16 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Major Elements of the Mac OS X Screen Element Apple Menu Desktop Disk Icons Menu Bar Menulets Spotlight The Dock Trash Description The Apple Menu is used for a variety of Mac system commands such as opening System Preferences, modifying the Dock properties, logging out, restarting your computer, selecting a network location and jumping to recent items. This is the large background area of the Mac OS X screen. The desktop is where you will find shortcuts to your favorite folders, documents and applications. The pictorial representation of your hard drive and any other disks such as a Disk Image, CD Drive or a Zip drive that are attached to your Mac. The Hard Disk icon, located on the Desktop, displays all the contents on your computer s hard drive. Displays the Macintosh menus used to execute commands. Clicking on a menu displays a list of commands for that menu. Icons that display in the menu bar, such as date and time or Airport connection status. Introduced in OS 10.4 Tiger, Spotlight is Mac OS X s search engine, which helps you to instantly find anything on your computer. The Dock is a band of icons that launches programs, files or programs that you use often, serving a similar function to the Start Menu in Windows. When you open another application or minimize a document window, its icons will then appear in the Dock. The Dock also includes the Trash. To delete a file, drag it to the Trash. The equivalent of the Recycle Bin in Windows. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 16

17 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.4 Using the Mouse In this lesson, we will work with the Mouse. T he Mouse, a small device that is connected to your computer, allows you to select and move objects on the screen. The mouse is associated with the Mouse Pointer on your screen. The mouse pointer is used to point to and select objects on your screen. When you move the mouse on your desk, the pointer moves on your screen. To move the pointer left, move your mouse to the left on your desk. Likewise, to move your pointer up, down or to the right, move your mouse upwards, downwards or to the right, respectively. The mouse pointer normally takes one of three forms: Standard Pointer, Insertion Point and Rotating Beach Ball. The Standard Pointer is the most common appearance of the pointer. When the Pointer appears, it looks like an arrow pointing to the upper left, at about a 30-degree angle. In Standard Pointer mode, you can move the mouse and single click to highlight an icon, double-click (click twice in rapid succession) to open an item, and click and drag to do a number of different actions, such as highlight more than one items at the same time, or move an item. The next common pointer is the Insertion Point. This pointer appears when you move the mouse and place the cursor over an area in a text-based program, such as a word processor or the Terminal. When the pointer is in this mode, you can usually perform text-based actions, such as clicking once to place the cursor (commonly called setting the insertion point), or clicking and dragging to select a section of text. The third type of pointer that will be mentioned is the Rotating Beach Ball. This pointer appears when the application concerned is busy processing a task, and cannot do anything else at the current time (in Windows, this is the Hourglass). You cannot do anything with that application while the beach ball is spinning except 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 17

18 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Mouse Actions Selecting is the process of choosing an object in order to perform some action. For instance, you may wish to open an application or move a file from one location to another. There are five basic Mouse Actions that you will work with to select objects: Single-Click Press and release the mouse button once. This action is used to select an icon or to click a button in a dialog box. Double-Click Quickly press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession. This action is used to open an application, a document or a folder. Right-Click (also known as Control-Click) Press and release the right mouse button once. This action is used with two-button mice and usually produces a pop-up menu. To produce this same result with a one-button mouse, hold down the Ctrl key and then press the mouse button. Click-and-Drag Press the mouse button and, with the mouse button still pressed down, move the mouse. This action is used to select text in a document or to select more than one sequential item at a time. Drag-and-Drop Used to move items from one location to another. Move your mouse pointer over the item you wish to move and then press and hold down the mouse button. With the mouse button still held down, move or drag your mouse until the mouse pointer is in the location where you want to place the item. Release the mouse button to drop the item. If you are using the mouse that came with your Mac, one of the first things that you may notice is that it only has one button, compared to the two-button mouse that comes with Windows computers. On a Windows computer, pressing the rightmouse button will often produce a contextual shortcut menu. To produce this effect with a one-button mouse, hold down the Ctrl key and then press the mouse button. Don t worry if you prefer a two-button mouse, they work fine on the Mac as well! Let s Try It! What 1. Rest your hand on top of the mouse, and then move the mouse until the pointer is over the Macintosh HD icon as shown. Why Positions the mouse pointer over the Macintosh HD icon. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 18

19 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S What 2. Quickly press and release the mouse button. Why Selects the Macintosh HD icon. 3. Move your mouse pointer over the Macintosh HD icon. Click and hold down the mouse button. 4. With your mouse button still held down, move your mouse downward about two inches as shown. Release the mouse button. 5. Move your mouse until the pointer is over the Macintosh HD. 6. Quickly press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession (double-click). Enters drag mode. Moves the Macintosh HD icon downwards two inches. Click and hold the mouse button. Drag downwards Positions the pointer over the Macintosh HD icon. Opens the Macintosh HD folder and displays its 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 19

20 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.5 Using the Keyboard In this lesson, we will learn how to use the keyboard. Control (ctrl) key Option key Command Button ( ) Function Keys (F keys) Numeric Keypad T he Keyboard is another device that is connected to your computer. You may already be familiar with the keyboard. However, there are several special keys on the Macintosh keyboard that allow you to use keyboard shortcuts instead of using the mouse. One key that you will only find on a Macintosh keyboard and that is often used in combination with one or more other keys is the Command ( ) key (also represented by the Open Apple symbol) keyboard. Holding down a combination of keys will execute a particular command associated with that keystroke combination. For example, holding down the key combination of + W (The Command key and the W key) will close the active window. It is important to note that the Control key, which is often labeled Ctrl, is not the equivalent of the PC s Control key. One of the main purposes of the Control key is for control-clicking to display shortcut menus. The Command ( ) key is the equivalent of the Windows Ctrl key. Many Windows Ctrl key commands correspond perfectly to the Command key shortcuts. For example, you would use + S to save a file or + B to apply formatting to text. The Option key is the equivalent of the Alt key in Windows. At the end of this lesson is a list of common keyboard shortcuts. Keep in mind that not all shortcuts will work in all applications. Let s Try It! What 1. Press and hold the Command ( ) and then press the W key. Why Closes the open window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 20

21 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S What 2. Press the keystroke combination + Shift + A (the Command key, the Shift key and the A key). 3. Press the + F keystroke combination. 4. Press the + W keystroke combination. 5. Press the + W keystroke combination again. Why Opens the Applications window Opens the New Search window. Closes the New Search window. Closes the Applications window. Tip: The symbol represents the Shift key. The symbol represents the Option key. The key on your keyboard is used to eject CDs, DVDs and External Disks. Cut + X Copy + C Paste + V Select All + A Undo + Z Redo + + Z Common Keyboard Shortcuts Page Top + Up Arrow Page Bottom + Down Arrow Line Begin + Left Arrow Line End + Right Arrow Previous Word + Option + Left Arrow Next Word + Option + Right Arrow Save + S Save As + + S Force Quit + + Escape Switch Window + ` Screen Shot + + 3, Font Panel Color Panel + T + + C Close Window + W Quit Program + Q Hide Program + H New Window + N New Folder + + N Open Spotlight Box PCM Courseware, LLC 21

22 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.6 Investigating Menus In this lesson, you will learn how to use menus. I n the last lesson, we learned how to give commands to your Macintosh by using keystroke combinations. The most common way to issue a command though is by use of menus. A menu is a categorized list of commands relevant to a particular application and is located near the top of window. The menu titles are displayed on the Menu Bar. To display the commands for a menu title, position your mouse pointer over the title and click with your mouse button. Common menu items also found in Windows are File, Edit, View and Help. If a menu command item contains a submenu, you can trace to the submenu with your mouse pointer to execute the submenu s command. Menu Bar The Go Menu Equivalent Keyboard Command Submenu The Apple menu (apple) located on the top left of the screen contains many Mac system commands such as Sleep, Restart and Shut Down. From here, you can also access System Preferences or display recently opened applications and documents. To Use Menu Commands 1. Move your mouse pointer over the desired menu title on the Menu Bar. 2. Click with your mouse to display the menu. 3. Move your mouse pointer downwards to the desired command to highlight it. 4. Click the mouse button. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 22

23 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 5. To display a submenu, click the arrow and trace to the submenu with your mouse pointer. Let s Try It! What 1. Move your mouse until the pointer is over the Go menu title. Why Positions the pointer over the Go menu. 2. Click the mouse button. Displays the menu commands for the Go menu. 3. Move your mouse pointer downwards until Applications is highlighted as shown below. Selects the menu command we wish to execute. 4. Click with your mouse button. Opens the Applications window. 5. Move your mouse until the pointer is over the File menu on the menu bar. Positions the pointer over the File menu. 6. Click the mouse button. Displays the menu commands for the File menu. 7. Move your mouse downwards until Close Window is highlighted and then click your mouse button. Closes the Applications 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 23

24 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.7 Using Shortcut Menus In this lesson, you will learn how to use shortcut menus. S hortcut menus appear when you Ctrl + Click an item (or right-click an item if you are using a two-button mouse). A shortcut menu is a pop-up menu that contains many useful commands. For example, to view the properties of an icon, you would press and hold the Ctrl key, click the icon, and then select Get info from the shortcut menu. Ctrl + Clicking is the equivalent of right-clicking an item in Windows. To Use Shortcut Menus Shortcut menu for the Macintosh HD icon 1. Press and hold down the Ctrl key. 2. Click the item whose shortcut menu you want to display. 3. Click the desired menu command in the shortcut menu. 4. Click anywhere on your screen to close the shortcut menu. Let s Try It! What 1. Press and hold the Ctrl key and then click the Macintosh HD icon. 2. Click Open on the Shortcut menu. Why Displays the shortcut menu for the Macintosh HD item. Opens the Macintosh HD window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 24

25 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.8 Using the Dock In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Dock. B y now you have no doubt noticed that there is not a Start Menu on the Desktop, which in Microsoft Windows, allows you to access your applications and various folders. We have already seen how to display the Applications folder, which is home to all of your installed programs. In addition, you can access your folders and applications from the Dock. The Dock, whose equivalent is the Taskbar in Windows, is a 3-D almost translucent ribbon that gives you quick access to the applications, folders and documents that you use most often. To open an item on the Dock, click on the icon for the item you wish to launch. The Dock is divided into two sections divided by a vertical line. The items to the left of the line are applications. The items to the right of the line are everything except for applications (shortcuts to documents, folders, minimized windows, etc.) When you launch an application, its icon will then be displayed in the Dock until you exit the application. A small blue dot appears on the bottom of the Dock icon 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 25

26 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S indicate that the program is currently running. To add new items to the Dock, click the item you wish to add and then drag it to the Dock. The Dock contains an initial set of icons, which are pictured below. The ilife applications, imovie, iphoto, idvd and Garage Band, may not be included in your Leopard installation. The default icons are, from left to right: Finder An application used for accessing and managing files and folders. It is always located on the far left side of the Dock. Dashboard Dashboard is home to a new kind of application called widgets (similar to Gadgets in Windows Vista). These applications display various information, much of it from the Internet. Mail Apple s application. Safari Apple s Web browser. ichat An instant messaging program Address Book A list of contacts that is integrated with the Mail program and other aspects of the Operating System. ical Apple s calendar program Preview An application for viewing Adobe PDF files and graphics. itunes An application for playing, importing, organizing, and recording music. Spaces Allows you to organize your open windows into groups. Time Machine New Leopard application allowing you to perform automatic backups. System Preferences An application for customizing your computer. imovie Apple s movie authoring program that allows you to create movies from your digital video and photographs. iphoto An application for transferring and storing photos from a digital camera. idvd Apple s DVD authoring program that allows you to create DVD s that contain your own movies and digital photos. GarageBand Allows you to create, perform, and record your own music. Downloads Folder that contains files that you download from your Web browser. Can also store attachments here. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 26

27 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Documents Folder that contains all of the files and folders located in the Documents folder under your Home folder. Trash A container for discarding files and folders that are to be removed from your computer. Folders that you add to the Dock are called Stacks. This can be a folder of documents, aliases, or a group of applications that you need to access frequently. When you click a stack, the contents of the folder appear in a handy arc menu. If the folder contains more item that can display in the arc, they are displayed in grid format. When Leopard is installed, two stacks are already included: The Downloads folder where files you download from the Internet are stored, and the Documents folder, the default folder under your Home folder where new documents are stored. You can add additional stacks by dragging any desired folders to the Dock. To Use the Dock 1. Click on the icon in the Dock for the item you wish to open. If the item is an application it will launch. If it is a folder (a Stack), the items will appear in an Arc or a Grid, depending on the number of items in the folder. 2. To add an item to the Dock, click the icon for the item and then drag it to the Dock. 3. To remove an item from the Dock, click the icon and drag it upwards off of the Dock. Tip: To always display your stacks in either arc (fan) or grid format, Ctrl-click (or right-click) the icon that you wish to modify on the Dock, point to View as on the shortcut menu and then click Fan or Grid. Let s Try It! What 1. Click the Address Book icon on the Dock as shown. 2.. Click on the Address Book menu title, and then click Quit Address Book on the menu as shown below. Why Opens the Address Book application. Closes the Address Book 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 27

28 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S What Why 3. Press the + W keystroke combination. Select Address Book > Quit Address Book Closes the Macintosh HD window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 28

29 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.9 Using Trash In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Trash container. O n the opposite end of the Dock is an icon resembling a wastepaper basket. This is the Trash. The Windows equivalent is the Recycle Bin, which is located on the desktop. The Trash is the container into which you place files and folders that you no longer need. To place an item in the Trash, click and drag the item to the Trash icon on the Dock. In Windows, selecting an item and pressing the Delete key automatically moves the item to the Recycle Bin. To add an item to the Trash folder on a Mac, simply click and drag the item to the Trash icon on the Dock. If you prefer to use a keyboard shortcut, hold down the key and then press the Delete key on your keyboard. Anything you place into Trash will stay there until you empty the Trash by selecting Finder > Empty Trash from the Desktop menu. Once you empty the Trash, any items that you had placed there are deleted from your system. Even after emptying the Trash, deleted files may still be recovered by using special data-recovery software. To delete files so that they cannot be recovered, choose Finder > Secure Empty Trash. Files deleted in this manner are completely overwritten by meaningless data. This may take some time, depending on the size and number of the files in your Trash bin. You may want to use Secure Empty Trash if you plan on selling or giving away your computer. Trash icon To Use Trash Select Finder > Empty Trash to remove files and folders from the Trash Use Secure Empty Trash to ensure that deleted items cannot be recovered 1. Click and drag any files or folders that you no longer need to the Trash icon on the right end of the Dock 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 29

30 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Hold down the key and then press the Delete key on your keyboard. 2. To empty the Trash, select Finder > Empty Trash icon from the Finder menu Or Control-click (or right-click, if using a two-button mouse) the Trash icon and select Empty Trash from the menu. 3. To empty the Trash so that deleted items cannot be recovered, select Finder > Secure Empty Trash from the Finder menu. Tip: You can also move a file to the trash by control-clicking (or right-clicking) the file and select Move to Trash from the pop-up menu. Let s Try It! What 1. Double-click the Lesson Files icon on the Desktop as shown. 2. Move your mouse pointer over the file named TextDocument. Click and hold down the mouse button. 3. With the mouse button still held down, move your mouse until the TextDocument file is over the Trash icon on the Dock as shown. Release the mouse button. Why Opens the Lesson Files folder and displays all of the documents within the folder. Double-click the Lesson Files Folder Selects the item we wish to drag to the Trash. Places the TextDocument file in the Trash container. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 30

31 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S What Why 4. Click the Trash icon on the Dock. 5. Click the Finder menu title on the Desktop menu bar. 6. Click the Empty Trash menu command. 7. Move your mouse pointer over the OK button and then click with your mouse button as shown below. Click TextDocument and drag to the Trash icon. Opens the Trash container and displays any items in the Trash. Displays the Finder menu. Displays a message box asking you if you are sure you want to empty the trash. Removes the TextDocument file from the Trash and closes the Trash folder. Click the OK button to empty the 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 31

32 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 32

33 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1.10 Getting Help In this lesson, you will learn how to use get on-screen help. I f you have a question about how to do accomplish a particular task on your Mac or about something displayed on your screen, the Macintosh Operating System may be able to provide on-screen help. There are two main types of help available in Mac OS X: 1. Help Tags Some objects contain Help Tags (which are referred to as Smart Tags in Windows), which are small yellow boxes that contain descriptive text about the objects. To display a help tag, hover your mouse pointer over an object. If the object has a help tag, it will display in a few seconds. 2. Help Menu The On-screen Help Center is available under the Help menu on the Finder menu bar. Type a question in the Search box and press the Enter key. A list of Help Viewer Links related to the topic will be displayed. Double-click the Help Viewer link to display its associated help text or click the Show button. In most applications, the Help Menu is usually located on the far right side of the menu bar, as in Windows. You can also access the Mac Help System by clicking Help on the Finder menu and then clicking Mac Help. The Help System menu appears from where you can browse topics by index or quickly help troubleshoot 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 33

34 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S To Get Help 1. Select Help from the Finder window and type in a word or a phrase in the Search box. Related topics will automatically display in the menu. 2. Click the topic that you wish to view. 3. To display a help tag (if available) for an object, hover your mouse pointer over the object for a few seconds until a Help Tag appears. Click the desired topic item Click Show Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 34

35 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S To Get Help from the Help System Window 1. Select Help > Mac Help from the Finder window Or Press the + Shift +? keystroke combination.. 2. Type the topic on which you wish to get help in the Ask a Question box. 3. Press the Enter key. 4. Double-click the desired topic link in the window. Or Single-click the desired topic in the window and then click Show button. Let s Try It! What 1. Move your mouse pointer over the Help menu on the Finder menu bar and then click your mouse button. 2. Click in the Search box and type: Symbols as shown below. 3. Click Symbols for Special Keys as shown. 4. Press the + W keystroke combination. Why Displays the Help menu commands. Opens the Mac Help Viewer application. Displays the help article for the selected topic. Closes the Finder 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 35

36 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S Lesson Summary The Fundamentals In this lesson, you learned about the basics of the Macintosh operating system. You learned how to log on to your Mac using your username and password. Next, you learned about the Macintosh interface and about the various parts that make up the desktop. Then, you learned how to use the mouse using various mouse actions. You also learned about the three types of mouse pointer: Standard Pointer, Insertion Point and Rotating Beach Ball. Then, you worked with the keyboard and learned about keystroke shortcuts. Then, you learned that you can access menus from the Menu Bar. In this lesion, you worked with various Finder menus. Then, you learned that you can access a shortcut menu pressing down the Ctrl key and then clicking the item whose shortcut menu you wish to view. Then, you learned how to use the Dock. You learned how to add items to and remove items from the Dock. You also learned about the default Dock icons that are included with a Leopard installation. Then, you learned how to delete files and folders by dragging items to the Trash icon, located on the Dock. You learned how to securely empty the Trash so that any deleted items cannot be restored. Lastly, you used the Mac Help Viewer (Help > Mac Help) to obtain help. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 36

37 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 1. Macintosh OS X Leopard is: A. A Spreadsheet program. B. A DVD burning program. C. An Operating System D. A database Lesson 1 Quiz 2. Name three parts of the Macintosh interface. 3. To open a document or folder, you would: A. Single-click. B. Double-Click C. Triple-click D. Drag the item to Trash 4. A keystroke combination is: A. Double-clicking an item B. Holding down two keys at the same time C. Used to log on to your Mac D. Clicking and dragging an item on your desktop. 5. To close a Finder window: A. Select File > Close Window from the menu B. Select Close > Window from the menu C. Select Help > Close Window from the menu. D. Triple-click the window 6. To remove an item from the Dock: A. Click the icon and drag it upwards off the Dock. B. Select File > Delete Dock Item from the menu. C. Press the + W keystroke combination. D. Double-click the Dock item while holding down the Shift key. 7. How do you empty the Trash? A. Select File > Empty Trash from the menu. B. Drag the Trash icon upwards off of the Dock. C. Select Finder > Empty Trash from the menu. D. Press the + T keystroke combination. 8. The command to save a file under most Windows applications is Ctrl + S. What is the equivalent command in Mac OS 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 37

38 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S 9. A two-button mouse will not work on a Macintosh. A. True B. False 10. To get help on a Mac: A. Select File > Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box. B. Press the F1 key. C. Select Finder > Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box. D. Select Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 38

39 L E S S O N 1 T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S LAB 1 ON YOUR OWN 1. Select the Lesson Files folder. 2. Open the Lesson Files folder. 3. Drag the file named Jimmy to the Trash. 4. Close the Lesson Files folder using the keyboard shortcut. 5. Open the Address Book application. 6. Close the Address Book application using the menu bar. 7. Display the Shortcut menu for the Lesson Files folder. Press the Esc key to close the Shortcut menu. 8. Using Help, search for the topic: Opening applications. 9. Display the Help Article Opening applications and documents. Close the Finder window when you are finished viewing the 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 39

40 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Lesson 2 Lesson 2 - Interacting with Windows Lesson Topics: 2.1 The Parts of a Window 2.2 Navigating a Window 2.3 Minimizing, Maximizing and Closing a Window 2.4 Moving a Window 2.5 Changing the Size of a Window 2.6 Switching Between Windows 2.7 Hiding the Finder Toolbar 2.8 Using Exposé 2.9 Changing Window Views 2.10 Using Quick Look Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 40

41 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.1 The Parts of a Window In this lesson, you will learn how to recognize the parts of a window. W hen working with the OS X operating system, you will quickly discover that each application or folder resides in its own window. A window is a box that that allows you to view and interact with the content of files, folders and applications. Windows are either square or rectangular and contain buttons, menus and controls that you can use to manage them. Windows that show you your Home folder, the Applications folder or any folder containing files or other folders (or any folder that is not part of an application) are referred to as Finder Windows. The Finder is an application that lets you manage your files and folders. This is the equivalent of an Explorer window in Microsoft Windows. The Application Window You will mostly likely find yourself working with several windows open at once. The active window is the window that appears on top of any other of the windows that you have open. You can also tell which window is active by looking at the Title Bar, the small thin bar on top of a window that contains the folder or application name. When a window is active, the title in the Title Bar will appear darker than the Title Bar of an inactive window PCM Courseware, LLC 41

42 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Let s take a look at the Window controls in more detail: Control Action Button Back and Forward Buttons Change Column Width Border Close Button Hide/Show Toolbar Button Labels Minimize Button Quick Look/Slideshow Quick Search Resize Control Scroll Arrow Scroll Bar (Scroller) Scroll Track Sidebar Description The Action Button allows you to apply various file and folder options, such as New Folder, Get Info, Move to Trash, or Make Alias. You can also label a file or folder by clicking the action button. Takes you to the next or previous folder that you have already viewed Click and drag the border on the column divider to change the width of the preceding column. To resize all columns at once, hold down the Option key as you drag. Closes the window. This button is normally red. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, an X appears. Toggles the view of the toolbar at the top of the window. Labels allow you to categorize your files and folders by color. Using Labels, you can create a customizable sort order by assigning a priority to each label color. Hides the window from your screen and places a miniature copy of the window in the Dock. The Minimize button is normally yellow. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a minus sign (-) appears. Allows you view the contents of a selected item. Leopard searches as you type, narrowing the search as you type more letters. Additionally, a drop-down list in the Search box allows you to specify search locations, such as Everywhere, Home or Local Disks. Drag to alter the size of a window Click the Scroll Arrow to move the contents of a window a little at a time. A window has a vertical scroll arrow and a horizontal scroll arrow. Click and drag the Scroll Bar to bring the contents of another part of the window into view. Click the Scroll Track to move the contents of a window in larger increments. The Sidebar displays mounted disks, file servers, and favorite folders. You can add files or folders to it by dragging the desired item to the left column. To quickly add an item to the sidebar, select the desired item and press + T Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 42

43 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Control Title Bar Zoom Button Description Displays the name of the folder you are currently viewing. Click and drag the Title Bar to move the window. Double-click the Title Bar to minimize the window. This buttons sizes the window (up to the size of your screen) just large enough to display all of the items in the window. Click again to restore the window s previous size and location. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a plus sign (+) appears. In the rest of this lesson, you will be working with all of these window controls PCM Courseware, LLC 43

44 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.2 Navigating a Window In this lesson, you will learn how to navigate a window using Scroll Bars and Scroll Arrows. S croll Bars and Scroll Arrows appear automatically in any window that is not sizeable enough to show all of its contents. Scroll Bars allow you to jump to a different area of your window. Depending on the contents of your window, you may see both horizontal and vertical scroll bars. To move to a different position in a window, click the scroll bar with your mouse button and, with the mouse button still held down, drag the scroll bar by moving your mouse until the desired portion of the window is in view. Scroll Buttons allow you to move the contents of a window a little at a time. Click on the Scroll Up button to move upwards and the Scroll Down button to move downwards. Depending on the windows settings, the scroll buttons will be either right next to each other near the resize control or at opposite ends of the scroll track as in the illustration below. The Scroll Track allows you to move the contents of a window in larger increments. Click in the scroll track to move the window in chunks. Horizontal Scroll Bar Scroll Track Scroll Up Button Vertical Scroll Bar Scroll Down Button Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 44

45 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S To Navigate a Window 1. Click the Scroll Arrows to move the window s contents a little at a time. 2. Click and drag the Scroll Bar to quickly jump to another portion of a window. 3. Click in the Scroll Track to navigate the contents of a window in larger chunks. Let s Try It! What 1. Move your mouse pointer over the Go menu title on the Finder menu bar, and then click with your mouse button. 2. Move your mouse pointer downwards until Applications is highlighted. 3. Click with your mouse button as shown below. Select Go > Applications from the Finder window to open the Applications Window 4. Click the Scroll Down button once. 5. Click the Scroll Bar on the Applications window with your mouse button and, with the mouse button still held down, Why Displays the Go menu items. Selects the menu command we want to execute. In this case, clicking the Applications command will open the Applications folder. Most applications are located in the Applications folder. Opens the Applications folder. Scrolls down the screen a little at a time. Moves to the bottom position of the Applications window PCM Courseware, LLC 45

46 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What drag downwards until the TextEdit application is visible as shown below. TextEdit Program Why Click and drag the Scroll Bar downwards until the TextEdit program is visible Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 46

47 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.3 Minimizing, Zooming and Closing a Window In this lesson, you will learn how to Minimize, Zoom and Restore a window. O n the top left of most windows, you will see three colored buttons: red, yellow and green. These buttons are the Close Button, the Minimize Button and the Zoom Button respectively. These buttons are found on the top right of windows in Microsoft Windows. These buttons perform the following functions: Close Button Closes the active window. This button is normally red. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, most of the time an X appears. Minimize Button Hides the window from your screen and places a miniature copy of the window in the Dock. The Minimize button is normally yellow. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a minus sign (-) appears. To restore the window, click the minimized replica of the window in the Dock. Zoom Button This buttons sizes the window (up to the size of your screen) just large enough to display all of the items in the window. Click again to restore the window s previous size and location. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a plus sign (+) appears. Close Button Minimize Button Zoom Button 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 47

48 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S To Close, Minimize and Zoom a Window 1. To close the active window, click the red Close button on the top left of the screen. 2. To minimize a window, click the yellow button (to the right of the red button). This will place a miniature replica copy of the window on the Dock. Click the replica copy on the Dock to restore the window. 3. To zoom a window, click the green button (to the right of the yellow button). This buttons sizes the window just large enough to display all of the items in the window. Tip: You can also minimize a Finder window by double-clicking on the Title Bar (the title of the window). To minimize all open Finder windows, hold down the Option key as you double-click. Let s Try It! What 1. Move your mouse until the pointer is over the TextEdit icon. Double-click with your mouse. 2. Click the Minimize button (the yellow button between the red and the green buttons on the top left of the TextEdit window). 3. Click the minimized TextEdit icon on the Dock as shown. 4. Click the Zoom button (the green button) Why Opens the TextEdit application in its own window. Hides the window from view and creates a small replica of the window in the Dock to the left of the Trash icon. Restores the window. Click the minimized icon to restore the window Increases the size of the window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 48

49 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What Why 5. Click the Zoom button again. Restores the window to its original size and location. 6. Click the Close button (the red button) on the TextEdit window. 7. Observe the TextEdit icon in the Dock as shown. 7. Press the + Q keystroke combination. Closes the TextEdit window. The appearance of the TextEdit icon in the Dock with a blue dot on the bottom of the icon indicates that the program is still open. It is important to note that closing an application s window does NOT close the application itself. Closes the TextEdit application PCM Courseware, LLC 49

50 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.4 Moving a Window In this lesson, you will learn how to move a window to a different area of your screen. W hen working with several programs or folders, you may find that your viewing area appears cluttered or that one of the windows covers up a portion of another window that you need to see. When this occurs, you can move a window to another area of your screen. To accomplish this, click on the Title Bar of the window you wish to move, click with your mouse button and drag it to a new location. To Move a Window 1. Click the Title Bar of the window that you wish to move and keep your mouse button held down. 2. With the mouse button still held down, move your mouse (drag) until the window is in the desired location on your screen. 3. Release the mouse button. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 50

51 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Let s Try It! What Why 1. Click on the Title Bar of the Applications window and keep your mouse button held down. 2. With your mouse button still held down, move your mouse until the Applications window appears at the top left portion of your screen as shown below. Enters drag mode. Positions the window at the top left portion of the desktop area. 3. Release the mouse button. Drops the window in the new location PCM Courseware, LLC 51

52 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.5 Changing the Size of a Window In this lesson, you will learn how to change the size of a window. W e have already seen that you can increase or decrease the size of a window by clicking the zoom button on top of the screen. However, you may want to size your window to a specific width and height. Using the resize box on the bottom right corner of the window allows you to fine-tune a window s size to how you want it. Microsoft Windows allows you to resize a window from any corner. To size a window, click the resize box and, with your mouse button still held down, move your mouse in the direction that you want to size the window upward, downward, inward or outward. To Resize a Window 1. Click the Resize button of the window you wish to resize and keep the mouse button held down. 2. Drag in the direction that you want to resize the window up or down to change the height of the window, left or right to change the width of the window or inwards or outwards to change both the width and the height of the window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 52

53 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 3. Release the mouse button. Let s Try It! What 1. Move your mouse pointer over the window resize box of the Applications window. Click and hold down the mouse button. 2. Drag the mouse to the right about one inch. 3. Click and hold down the mouse button on the window resize box, and drag your mouse downward about one inch. 4. Click and hold down the mouse button on the window resize box, and drag your mouse inward about one inch as shown. Why Enters resizing mode Increases the width of the window by about one inch. Increases the height of the window by about one inch. Decreases both the width and the height of the window PCM Courseware, LLC 53

54 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.6 Switching Between Windows In this lesson, you will learn how to switch between open windows. T he active window is the window that is on top of any other open windows. The active widow is the window with which you are working. To switch to any of the inactive windows in the background, simply click on any part of the window to which you want to switch (you may have to move the active window out of the way to see the inactive windows). If the window you want to make active is an application window, you can switch to that window by clicking on its icon in the Dock. To Switch to an Open Window 1. Click any portion of an inactive window to bring it to the front and make it the active window. 2. If the inactive window is an application, click the application s icon on the Dock to bring it to the front and make it the active window. Let s Try It! What 1. In the Applications window, double-click the TextEdit icon. 2. Double-click the Macintosh HD icon. Why Opens the TextEdit program and makes it the active window. Opens the Macintosh HD folder and makes it the active window. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 54

55 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What 3. Click on any part of the Applications window. Move the active window if necessary. 4. Click the TextEdit icon in the Dock as shown. 5. Click any portion of the Macintosh HD window. Move the active window if necessary. Why Brings the Applications window to the front, making it the active window. Makes the TextEdit window the active window. Makes the Macintosh HD window the active window PCM Courseware, LLC 55

56 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.7 Hiding the Finder Toolbar In this lesson, you will learn how to hide the Finder toolbar. T he Finder toolbar is a component that appears at the top of a Finder window. If you feel that the toolbar or the Sidebar takes up too much screen space, you can hide them from view. There are several different ways to show and hide the toolbar and Sidebar: Click the Show/Hide button on the top right corner of the window. Click the button again to show the toolbar and Sidebar. Select View > Hide Toolbar from the Finder menu. Select View > Show Toolbar to redisplay the Toolbar and Sidebar. To Show/Hide the Toolbar Show/Hide Toolbar button 1. Click the Show/Hide Toolbar button on the top right side of the window. Or Select View > Show (or Hide) Toolbar from the Finder menu. Let s Try It! What Why Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 56

57 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What 1. Click the Show/Hide Toolbar button on the Macintosh HD window. 2. Click any portion of the Applications window (move the Macintosh HD window if necessary) 3. Select View > Hide Toolbar from the Finder menu as shown below. 4. Select View > Show Toolbar from the menu. Why Hides the toolbar and Sidebar (or redisplays them if it is already hidden). Makes the Applications window the active window. Hides the Finder Toolbar and Sidebar on the Applications Window. Redisplays the Finder toolbar and Sidebar PCM Courseware, LLC 57

58 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.8 Using Exposé In this lesson, you will learn how to manage windows with Exposé E xposé, a window management feature, allows you to quickly display all of the windows you have open, display all of the windows in the active application or clear away all windows so you can access a desktop file. To see all your open windows, hold down the F9 key. To see all the windows open in your current application, hold down the F10 key. To hide all the open windows so you can see the desktop, hold down the F11 key. When you press and hold the keys to activate Exposé, the windows return to normal as soon as you release the keys. If you press the activation keys quickly instead of holding them, Exposé stays activated until you choose a window or press the key again. While using Exposé, point to a window to see its name or click the window to bring it to the front, making it the active window. You can also use the arrow keys to highlight windows, and you can press Tab to cycle through open applications and display their windows together. Displaying all open windows Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 58

59 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S To Use Exposé 1. Press F9 to scale all open windows so that they are visible and not overlapping. 2. Press F10 to bring all windows of the active application to the foreground. 3. Press F11 to hide all windows and display the Desktop. 4. Click on any window to make it the active window. Let s Try It! What Why 1. Press and release the F9 key. Scales all open windows so that they are displayed on the same screen without overlapping. 2. Move your mouse pointer over any of the open windows. Displays the window s name. 3. Press the F11 key. Hides all windows from view and displays the Desktop. 4. Press F9. Scales all open windows so that they are displayed on the same screen without overlapping. 5. Click on the Applications window. Makes the Applications window the active window PCM Courseware, LLC 59

60 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.9 Changing Window Views In this lesson, we will look at the three different window views. Icon View Column View List View Cover Flow View A nother feature of Finder Windows is the ability to change Window views. The default view (and the favorite view of many Mac users) is Icon view, in which the files and folders are displayed as small pictures called icons. You have already seen this view when we worked with the Applications folder. This is the equivalent of the Small Icon, Medium Icon and Large Icon view in Windows Vista. List view displays a table with column headings that include the file name, file size, file date, and file type. The icons are miniature size, which can be especially helpful if a window contains a lot of icons. This works the same ways as the List View in Microsoft Windows. Column view allows you to open more than one folder in more than one column. This can be handy if you want to find out in which folder a file is located without having to open separate windows. Column view shows the folder and its contents in the same window. When you select a folder, that folder s contents are displayed in Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 60

61 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S the next window to the right. We will work with folders in more detail in a later lesson. Cover Flow View, new in Leopard, displays high-resolution previews of your documents while simulating the flipping of album covers in a jukebox. With Cover Flow, you can visually flip through your documents Word, Excel, PowerPoint, graphics, PDFs and more so you can quickly find what you are looking for. Click on the left or right pointing arrows on the scroll bar to navigate through your folder. To change window views, click on the desired view button on the Finder Toolbar. You can also select View on the Finder menu and then choose As Icons, As List, As Columns or As Cover Flow from the menu. To Change Window View 1. Click the Icon View, List View, Column View or Cover Flow View icon on the Finder Toolbar. The View Buttons Or Select View on the Finder menu and then select the desired view type as shown below. View Options on the Finder Menu 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 61

62 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Let s Try It! What Why 1. Click the List View button on the Finder toolbar as shown 2. Click the Column View button on the Finder toolbar as shown. 3. Click the border on Column Divider icon on the lower right corner of the second window as shown and drag to the right about 1/2 inch as shown below. 4. Click Desktop in the Sidebar as shown below. Switches to List View. Switches to Column View. Expands the width of the second column by about 1/2 inch. Displays the contents of the Desktop. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 62

63 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What Why 5. Click the Lesson Files folder in the second pane. 6. Click the Cover Flow View button on the Finder toolbar as shown. 7. Click the Window Size control and drag downward as shown. Displays the contents of the Lesson Files folder. Switches to Cover Flow View. A preview of the first document in the folder is displayed in the top pane. Increases the viewable area of the window PCM Courseware, LLC 63

64 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What 8. Click the right-pointing arrow on the Cover Flow window as shown below. 9. In the lower pane, click the document entitled Photoshop CS3 What s New.pdf 10. Move your mouse pointer over the preview of the document in the top Cover Flow window. 11. Click the right-pointing arrow in the Cover Flow window as shown. 12. Select View > As Icons from the Finder menu. Why Moves to the next document in the folder and displays a preview of it. Displays a preview of the PDF file in the Cover Flow window. Displays left and right-pointing arrows, which enable you to navigate the pages of multi-page documents. Previews page two of the document. Switches back to Icon View. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 64

65 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 65

66 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 2.10 Using Quick Look In this lesson, we will work with the new Quick Look feature. Q uick Look is a new feature in Leopard which allows you to view the contents of your documents at nearly full size level without needing to launch the associated application. This feature is especially helpful if certain applications take some time to load. You can even view the document full-screen by clicking the full-screen arrows on the preview window. To launch Quick Look, select the item or items you want to view and click the Quick Look icon on the Finder toolbar or press the Spacebar key. You can also press the + Y keystroke combination or choose File > Quick Look from the finder menu. Click the Full Screen View button to view the item in full screen view. As of this writing, Quick Look supports graphic files, PDF files, text files, most popular audio and movie files, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and Excel documents, vcards, Fonts, HTML documents and iwork applications (Pages, Numbers and Keynote). Quick Look also offers a built-in slideshow feature. Highlight all of the items you want included in your slideshow, launch Quick Look and then click the Full Screen view icon. Each image will appear on the screen for about three seconds. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 66

67 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S To Use Quick Look 1. Select the item or items you wish to view with Quick Look. 2. Click the Quick Look icon on the Finder Toolbar Or Press the spacebar Or Press the + Y keystroke combination Or Select File > Quick Look from the menu. 3. Click the Full Screen icon on the Quick Look window to view the document in full screen size. 4. To use Quick Look s Slideshow feature: a. Select the items you wish to include in the slideshow. b. Launch Quick Look. c. Click the Full Screen button. The slideshow will automatically commence. d. Click the Pause button to stop the slideshow at any time. e. Press the Esc key to stop the slideshow PCM Courseware, LLC 67

68 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Let s Try It! What 1. Click the file named Advice.html and then press the spacebar. Why Launches Quick Look and displays the content of the file. 2. Press the Esc key. Returns back to icon view. 3. Click the document entitled Photoshop CS3 What s New.pdf and then press the Quick Look icon on the Finder toolbar as shown below. 4. Click the Full Screen icon as shown. Launches Quick Look and displays the contents of the PDF file. Displays the document in Full Screen view. 5. Drag the scroll bar downward. Allows you to scroll through a multi-page document. 6. Click the Exit Full Screen icon as shown. Returns to normal Quick Look view. To exit Quick Look completely, click the x icon. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 68

69 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S What Why 7. Press the Esc key. Exits Quick Look view. 8. Click the List View icon on the Finder toolbar. 9. Press the + A keystroke combination. Switches to List View. This command selects all files in a folder. We are going to use Quick Look s slideshow feature. 10. Press the spacebar. Launches Quick Look. 11. Click the Full Screen icon on the Quick Look window. Displays the first file in full screen view and begins the slideshow. 12. Wait about 3 seconds. Automatically moves to the next file in the folder. 13. Press the Esc key twice. Exits Quick Look. 14. Press the + W keystroke combination. 15. Click any portion of the Macintosh HD window. Move the active window if necessary. 16. Press the + W keystroke combination. 17. Click any portion of the TextEdit window. Closes the Lesson Files Window. Makes the Macintosh HD window the active window. Closes the Macintosh HD Window. 18. Press the + Q keystroke combination. Makes the TextEdit window the active window. Closes the TextEdit Window PCM Courseware, LLC 69

70 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 70

71 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S Lesson Summary Interacting with Windows In this lesson, you learned that any folder containing a file or other folders is called a Finder Window. You learned the different parts of the Finder Window in the first section. Next, you learned how to navigate a window using the Scroll Up and Scroll Down buttons, the Vertical and Horizontal Scroll Bars and the Scroll Track. Then, you learned how to Close, Minimize and Zoom a Finder Window by using the Red, Yellow and Green buttons located on the top left of the Finder Window, respectively. Then, you learned how to move a Finder Window by clicking on the Title Bar and dragging it to a new location. Then, you learned how to change the size of a window by using the Resize button on the lower right hand corner of the Finder Window. Then, you learned that you can switch between open windows by either clicking on any portion of an inactive window to bring it to the front or by clicking on the application s icon on the Dock. Then, you learned that you can hide the Finder Toolbar and the Sidebar by clicking on the Show/Hide button on the top right of the Finder Window. Then, you learned how to manage Finder Windows with Exposé. You learned that pressing F9 will scale all open windows so that they are visible and not overlapping, pressing F10 will bring all windows of the active application to the foreground, and pressing F11 will hide all windows and display the Desktop. Then, you learned about the four different window views: Icon View, where files and folders are displayed as small icons, List View, where the are displayed in a table with column headings, Column View, which allows you to open more than one folder in more than one column and Cover Flow, which provides a high resolution preview of your documents. You learned how to switch views using the View Buttons on the toolbar as well as from the View menu on the menu bar. Lastly, you learned how to use Quick Look, which allows you to view the contents of your documents at nearly full size level without needing to launch the associated application PCM Courseware, LLC 71

72 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 1. Scroll Bars are used to: Lesson 2 Quiz A. Move from one application to another B. Move a window from one area of the screen to another. C. Display a different area of a window D. Display more than one window at a time 2. To minimize a window: A. Click on the Red button on the top left of the screen B. Click on the Yellow button on the top left of the screen C. Click on the Green button on the top left of the screen. D. Press the + M keystroke combination. 3. What are two ways that you can close a window? 4. You change the width and the height of a window : A. Clicking on the resize button and dragging inwards or outwards B. Clicking on the Zoom button and dragging inwards C. Clicking on the Title bar and dragging inwards or outwards D. Double-click the Title bar of the Window. 5. How do you switch between several open windows? A. Press the + S keystroke combination until the window you want comes into view. B. Click the Green button on the top left of your screen C. Click any portion of an inactive window to bring it to the front D. Press the F3 key. 6. You can hide a window from view by clicking the : A. Show/Hide Toolbar button on the top right of the window B. The Yellow button on the top left of the window C. The Title Bar D. Resizing Button 7. To hide all open windows and display the desktop: A. Press F9 B. Press F10 C. Press F11 D. Press F12 Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 72

73 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S 8. You open a new Finder window but it is too small to display all of its contents and there are no scroll bars visible. How do you Zoom the window so that it fills up more of the screen? A. Click the Green Button B. Press the Press the + Z keystroke combination C. Click the Red Button D. Go > Zoom Window from the menu. 9. To view the contents of a window in a table with column headings that include the file name, file size, file date and file type, you would use: A. Column View B. List View C. Icon View D. File Info View 10. Which view displays more than one folder in more than one column? A. Folder View B. Icon View C. Column View D. Such a thing is impossible 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 73

74 L E S S O N 2 I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S LAB 2 ON YOUR OWN 1. Open the Macintosh HD window. 2. Minimize the Macintosh HD window. 3. Restore and then close the Macintosh HD window. 4. Open the Applications window (Hint: Go > Applications). Move the window to the top right portion of your screen. Resize the window so that it is about four inches wide by four inches high. Hide the Toolbar on the Applications Window. 5. Open the Lesson Files folder. Make the Applications window the active window. 6. Redisplay the Toolbar on the Applications window. 7. Switch to List View. 8. Switch to Column View 9. Switch back to Icon View. 10. Open the Pending folder on your desktop. 11. Select the file named MacBook User s Guide and view the file using Quick Look. Scroll to page 6 of the document. Exit Quick Look when finished. 12. Use Exposé to display all open windows on the screen. 13. Close all open windows. Switching to a Mac Leopard Edition 74

75 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Lesson 3 Lesson 3 - Lesson Topics: Accessing Folders and Disks 3.1 A look at OS X Disk Organization 3.2 Opening Folders and Disks 3.3 Using the Go Menu 3.4 The Finder Toolbar 3.5 Using the Sidebar 3.6 Recent Folders 3.7 Sorting the Contents of a Folder 3.8 Browsing the Contents of Folders 3.9 Navigating Folder Hierarchy 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 75

76 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.1 A Look at OS X Disk Organization In this lesson, we will look at the Mac OS X Disk Organization W orking with disks and drives is quite different on the Mac then in Microsoft Windows. In Windows, each disk is designated by a letter: C:, D:, etc. and can be accessed from an Explorer window. When adding any new drives to a Windows machine, the drive is automatically assigned a letter. On the Mac, your drives display their names and an icon will display on the Desktop along with the drive name. When inserting a CD for instance, a CD icon appears on your Desktop along with the title of the CD. To remove any external drives such as a USB drive or a CD, drag its icon to the Trash folder. You can also eject it from the Finder by clicking the small icon next to the drive name. At the very least, you will see on your Desktop an icon called Macintosh HD. This icon represents the hard drive or the storage area of your Macintosh (this would be the C: drive in Windows). This is where all of the information called files is stored. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 76

77 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Files can contain several types of information from text, images, and movies to sounds. If all of the files that we use and the computer uses were stored in one area with no separation, it would be very confusing. Imagine if all of your personal possessions were stored in one room of your house on the floor in a pile. It would take forever to find anything! To ensure that files can be easily found when needed, they are grouped and organized into Folders. Folders can contain both files and other folders (often referred to as subfolders). The main folder on your computer is the Macintosh HD. Think of your Macintosh Hard drive as a giant file cabinet. The drawers of a file cabinet contain documents (files) that are stored and organized in folders. The Macintosh HD folder is separated into the following folders: Applications The default folder to which most complete applications are installed and stored. You can access the Applications folder by choosing Go > Applications from the Finder menu. Library Stores important operating system and application components such as drivers, sound files, and preference files. System Contains components used by the operating system to run your Macintosh. It is recommended that you stay away from this folder. Users This folder contains the home folder for all users of the computer PCM Courseware, LLC 77

78 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Developer This folder will only be present if the Developer Tools have been installed. Macintosh HD Window Above, we mentioned the Home folder. The Home folder is the folder that bears your username and is represented by a house icon. This is equivalent to the User Name folder in Microsoft Windows. This is the folder where you should store any files or folders that you create. You can access your Home folder by: Choosing Go > Home from the Finder menu, Or Clicking the Home icon in the Sidebar, Or Pressing the keystroke combination Shift+ + H Under your Home folder, you will find several folders that were created for your convenience. These are: Desktop Storage area for any items on your desktop. Documents This is where you can store any documents and folders that you create. Library Contains your system and application preference files. Movies Default folder for your movie files. The imovie application uses this folder as its default folder. Pictures Default folder for your image files. The iphoto application uses this folder as its default folder. Music Default folder for your music files. The itunes application uses this folder as its default folder. Public If you are on a network, files that you place in this folder can be shared with others on your network. Sites Built-in web server where you can store your HTML files. Downloads Default folder for your Internet and downloads. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 78

79 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Let s Try It! What 1. Double-click the Macintosh HD icon. 2. Select View > Show Toolbar from the menu. The Home Folder Why Opens your main computer folder. Redisplays the Finder toolbar. 3. Click the Icon View button. Switches to Icon View. 4. Double-click the Users icon as shown. 5. Double-click the icon that bears your username. 6. Double-click on the Desktop icon. Opens the folder that contains the usernames of all users on the computer. Opens your Home folder. Displays the items that appear on your desktop PCM Courseware, LLC 79

80 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What 7. Click the Close button (the red button on the top left of the window) for the Desktop window. 8. Close any other open windows by clicking the red Close button on each open window. 9. Select Go > Home from the menu. 10. Press the + W keystroke combination. Why Closes the Desktop window. Closes all other open windows. Opens your Home folder. Closes the Home window. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 80

81 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.2 Opening Folders and Disks In this lesson, we will learn how to open folders and disks. W e have already learned that double-clicking a folder will open it and display its contents. This displays a Finder window, the equivalent of Windows Explorer in Microsoft Windows. You can also view the contents of a folder by displaying a Finder window and then browsing to the folder whose contents you wish to display. The main folder on your computer is the Macintosh HD folder, which represents your hard disk and all of the folders stored on your hard disk. In addition to a hard disk, most computers these days come with a CD-Rom drive as well. A Compact Disk, often referred to as a CD, is a disk that allows you to store information externally. CD s look like the audio CD s that you purchase. When a CD is inserted into your CD-Rom drive, a new icon representing the CD is displayed on your Desktop. Double-click the CD icon to display the contents of the CD. By default, the itunes application will launch whenever you insert a music CD and may ask you whether you wish to import the CD. ITunes is the default music media player for the Mac. Icon representing your computer s Hard Disk Icon representing an External Zip drive Icon representing a CD-Rom drive You can also store and read files from other devices such as USB drives, external zip drives (a removable storage drive) or PC Cards. Like the CD-Rom, an icon will also be displayed on the desktop when a disk is inserted into the device. To eject a CD or an external disk, drag the icon on the desktop to the Trash PCM Courseware, LLC 81

82 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S To Open Folders and Disks 1. Double-click the Desktop icon for the disk whose contents you want to display. Or Click on the icon for the disk whose contents you want to display in the Sidebar on any Finder window. 2. Double-click the Folder icon for the folder whose contents you want to display. Or Switch to Column View and browse to the folder whose contents you want to display. 3. To eject an external disk, drag its icon to the Trash on the dock. Let s Try It! What 1. Double-click the Macintosh HD icon. 2. Click the Column View icon on the Finder toolbar. 3. In the second column, click the Users icon. 4. Click the icon that bears your username. 5. Click the Close button on your Home folder window. Why Opens your main computer folder. Switches to Column View. Displays files and folders in the User s folder. Displays files and folders that are in your Home folder. Closes your Home folder. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 82

83 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.3 Using the Go Menu In this lesson, we will learn how to use the Go menu. T he Go menu allows you to quickly jump to your Home folder, the Applications folder, a recent folder that you have opened, a Network folder, or the Utilities folder. The Go menu appears as a menu item at the top of any Finder window. In addition to jumping to folders, another useful command on the Go menu is the Connect to Server command. This command allows you to connect to another computer on your Local Area Network or on the Internet. Note that the Recent Folder submenu on the Go menu is different than the Recent Items submenu on the Apple menu. The Recent Folders submenu lists any recent folder that you have accessed, whereas the Recent Items displays any recent files that you have opened. The Go Menu To Use the Go Menu to Jump to Another Folder or Server 1. Display any Finder window. 2. Select Go from the menu. 3. Select Home to display the contents of your Home folder. 4. Select Applications to display the contents of the Applications folder PCM Courseware, LLC 83

84 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 5. Select Utilities to display the contents of the Utilities folder. 6. Select Recent Folder > [Folder Name] to jump to a folder that you recently opened. 7. Select Go to Folder and enter the path name of the folder to which to jump. 8. Select Connect to Server and select a recently used server from the dropdown list or enter the server TCP/IP address in the address box at the bottom of the window. Let s Try It! What Why 1. Click Go on the menu. Displays the Go Menu command. 2. Click Home as shown. Opens your Home folder. Select Home to display the contents of your Home folder 3. Click Go on the menu. Displays the Go menu command. 4. Click Applications. Opens the Applications folder 5. Click the Close button on the Applications window. Closes the Applications window. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 84

85 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.4 The Finder Toolbar In this lesson, we will learn how to use the Finder toolbar to access common commands. O n top of the Finder window is the Finder Toolbar. The Finder Toolbar helps you navigate throughout the Finder. We have already seen that you can change window views by clicking the appropriate View icon (Icon View, List View, Column View or Cover Flow View). The default icons on the Finder Toolbar are: Back/Forward buttons, View buttons, Quick Look button and the Action button. The Finder Toolbar The Back button displays the previous Finder window you had open. The Forward button brings you back to the previous window before you clicked the Back button. Clicking on the Action button displays a drop-down list from which you can choose various file and folder actions, such as creating a new folder, adding a color label, displaying the Get Info window, just to name a few. The options on the Action menu will vary depending on whether a folder or file is selected. Action Button drop-down list If you wish, you can add other useful Finder navigation commands to the Finder Toolbar. Select View > Customize Toolbar from the View menu then drag the 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 85

86 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S desired command to the Finder toolbar. Drag items off of the toolbar to remove them from the toolbar. Another nifty feature is that you can drag any folder or file icon to the Finder toolbar, giving it the same functionality as the Dock. For instance, if there is a folder that you access constantly, you can drag it to the toolbar so that it will be available from every Finder window. Likewise, you can drag application icons or file icons to the toolbar as well for quick access. To Use the Finder Toolbar 1. Click on the desired icon on the Finder Toolbar to execute the command. 2. To add additional items to the Finder Toolbar, select View > Customize Toolbar from the menu, and then drag the desired item to the toolbar. 3. To remove items from the Finder Toolbar, select View > Customize Toolbar from the menu, and then drag the desired items off of the toolbar. 4. To display/hide the Finder Toolbar, click the Display/Hide toolbar button on the top right side of the window. 5. To add folders or file icons to the Finder toolbar, select the item and drag it to the toolbar. Let s Try It! What Why Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 86

87 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What 1. Click the Finder icon on the Dock as shown. 2. Click the Home icon on the Sidebar (the one with your username). 3. Click the Applications icon on the Sidebar. Why Displays a new Finder window. Finder Icon Displays the contents of the Home folder. Displays the contents of the Applications folder. 4. Click the Back button as shown. Moves to the previous screen. 5. Select View > Customize Toolbar from the menu as shown. 6. Click the Delete icon and with the mouse button still held down, drag it to the Finder Toolbar as shown. Switches to the Customize Toolbar window. Adds the Delete command to the Finder Toolbar PCM Courseware, LLC 87

88 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 7. Click Done. Closes the Customize Toolbar window. 8. Click the Column View icon on the Finder toolbar. 9. In the second column, click Desktop as shown below. Switches to Column View. Displays the contents of the Desktop folder. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 88

89 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What 10. Click the Lesson Files folder and drag it to the Finder toolbar as shown below, wait a second or two and then release the mouse button. 11. Click the folder you added to the Finder toolbar. 12. Click the Close button on the Finder window. Why Adds the Lesson Files folder to the Finder toolbar. You can now quickly access this folder from any Finder window. Displays the contents of the Lesson Files folder. Closes the Finder window PCM Courseware, LLC 89

90 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.5 Using the Sidebar In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Sidebar. T he Sidebar, the equivalent of the Navigation Pane in Windows Vista, appears in the left column of every Finder window. The Sidebar features all of your primary starting points, such as the Applications and Home Folders. The Sidebar consists of four different collapsible sections: Devices This section contains shortcuts to your computer, the network, your hard disk and your idisk (if you have set up a.mac account). If you have any removable media such as USB drives, removable hard disks or CD s, these will be displayed below the Hard Disk icon and will bear a gray icon which when clicked, will eject the disk. Shared if you have sharing enabled, this section will list all other computers on your network that are set up for shared access. Places This section contains shortcuts of file and folders. As a starting point, Apple had added your Home, Applications, Documents, Music and Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 90

91 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Pictures folders. You can add any shortcuts you wish to this locations files, applications, folders or disks. Searches This area contains predefined searches that will execute when they are clicked. You can also place your own customized searches here. Click the desired folder icon in the Sidebar to displays its contents in the Finder window. You can customize which items appear by checking them under the Finder > Preferences menu. You can also add your own items such as folders, documents, applications, or any other Finder item to which you want quick access to the Places area of the Sidebar. Any item you add to the Sidebar will then be available in every Finder window. Select the item you wish to add to the Sidebar and then either drag it to the Sidebar, choose File > Add to Sidebar from the menu or press the + T keystroke combination. To remove an item from the Sidebar, drag its icon off of the Sidebar. Note that if you put files or applications in the Sidebar, they can then be opened with a single-click (instead of double-click). You can also rearrange any item (except for items in the Shared section) by dragging it to the desired position in the Sidebar. To Use the Sidebar 1. To add an item to the sidebar: a. Select the file, folder or disk you wish add to the Sidebar. b. Drag it to the Places section of the Sidebar pane Or Press the + T keystroke combination Or 2007 PCM Courseware, LLC 91

92 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Select File > Add to Sidebar 2. To access a Sidebar item: a. Open a Finder Window b. Click an item in the Sidebar to displays its contents 3. To remove an item from the sidebar: a. Drag its icon off of the Sidebar 4. To rearrange items in the Sidebar, click the item you want to move and drag it to its new location. Let s Try It! What 1. Click the Finder icon on the Dock as shown. 2. Click your Desktop icon on the Sidebar. Why Displays a new Finder window. Finder Icon Displays the contents of the Desktop folder. 3. Click the Lesson Files folder. Selects the folder for which we want to add to the Sidebar. 4. Select File > Add to Sidebar from the menu. 5. Click your Desktop icon on the Sidebar. 6. Select the Lesson Files folder on the Sidebar 7. Click your Desktop icon on the Sidebar. Adds a new shortcut to the Lesson Files folder on the Sidebar Menu. Displays the contents of the Desktop folder. Displays the contents of the Lesson Files folder. Displays the contents of the Desktop folder. 8. Select the Pending folder. Selects the file we wish to add to the Sidebar. 9. Click the Pending folder and with your mouse button held down, drag the folder to the Sidebar as shown. Adds a shortcut to the Pending folder to the Sidebar. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 92

93 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 10. Click the Pending icon on the Sidebar. 11. Click the Lesson Files icon on the Sidebar. 12. Click and hold down your mouse button and then drag the Lesson Files shortcut off of the Sidebar. 13. Click the Close button for the Finder window. Displays the contents of the Pending folder. Selects the icon we wish to remove from the Sidebar. Removes the Lesson Files shortcut from the Sidebar. Closes the Finder window PCM Courseware, LLC 93

94 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.6 Recent Folders In this lesson, we will learn how to jump to a folder you recently opened. T he Recent Folders menu lists the last 10 folders you opened. The Recent Folders is a submenu on the Go menu and allows you to jump to any of the folders in the list. This is similar to the Recent Items list on the Apple Menu that lists the applications and documents that you last accessed. To Jump to a Recent Folder 1. Select Go > Recent Folders, and then select the folder from the list that you would like to open. Let s Try It! What 1. Select Go > Recent Folders from the menu. Why Displays a list of the recent folders we have accessed. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 94

95 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 2. Select Desktop from the list. Jumps to the Desktop folder PCM Courseware, LLC 95

96 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.7 Sorting the Contents of a Folder In this lesson, we will learn how to sort the contents of a folder. T he process for sorting the contents of a folder is dependent on the View (Icon View, List View, Column View or Cover Flow View) that you are using. In Icon View, you generally drag the icons anywhere you want within a window. A quicker way to sort your icons is to choose View > Arrange By from the menu and then choose from the following sort arrangement: by Name by Date Modified by Date Created by Size by Kind by Label If you are in List View or Cover Flow View, you can control the sort order by clicking on the column heading by which you wish to sort. Click the column heading again to reverse the sort order. The tiny triangle on the right side of the column heading lets you know how the column is sorted if it is pointed downward, the column is sorted in descending order (Z-A). If the triangle is pointed upward, the column is sorted in ascending order (A-Z). Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 96

97 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S When in Column View, the contents of a column are always sorted in alphabetical order. Unlike List View, Cover Flow View and Icon View, there is no way to change the sort order in Column View. To Sort the Contents of a Folder 1. In Icon View, drag the icons in the desired order Or Select View > Arrange By from the menu, and then click on the desired sort arrangement. 2. In List View or Cover Flow View, click on the column heading to sort by the column contents, such as file name, date created, etc. Click the column heading again to reverse the sort order. Let s Try It! What 1. Click the Applications icon on the Sidebar. Why Displays the contents of the Applications folder. 2. Click the Icon View button. Ensures that you are in Icon View. 3. Select View > Arrange By from the menu, and then select by Date Created as shown below. Sorts the contents of the folder by creation date PCM Courseware, LLC 97

98 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 4. Select View > Arrange By from the menu, and then select by Name. 5. Click the List View button on the Finder toolbar. 6. Click on the Name column heading as shown below. 7. Click on the Date Modified column heading. Sorts the contents of the folder by file name. Switches to List View. Sorts the contents of the Name column in descending order Sorts the list by the Date Modified column. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 98

99 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What 8. Click the Close button on the Finder window. Why Closes the Finder window PCM Courseware, LLC 99

100 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.8 Browsing the Contents of Folders In this lesson, we will learn how to easily view the contents of nested folders. W e have already learned that you can double-click on a folder to view that folder s contents. If you wanted to view the contents of a subfolder in that folder, you would then double-click the subfolder. And so on. If you are in List View or Cover Flow view, click the right-pointing triangle (referred to as the flippy triangle ) to the left of the folder name. To collapse a folder (to hide its contents), click the downward-pointing triangle. If you prefer to use the keyboard, click the folder and press the Option key and the right arrow to expand a folder. Use the left arrow key to collapse it. However, there is a much easier way to view the contents of nested folders (folders within folders). Using Column View allows you to navigate down through nested folders and view each folder s contents along the way. The first pane in column view displays all disks, including your Macintosh Hard Drive. When you click a disk once, a second pane is displayed that lists all of the contents of that folder. Each time you click a folder, a new pane appears to the right displaying that folder s contents. One nice feature of column view is that, when selecting certain types documents, you will see a preview of the file in the rightmost column. Some supported file types of this feature are sound files, PDF files, text files and certain graphic files. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 100

101 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Column View To Browse the Contents of Nested Folders 1. Click the column view button on the Finder toolbar. 2. Click the folder whose contents you wish to view. 3. Click the subfolder in the right pane whose contents you wish to view. 4. Repeat step 3 for as many nested folders whose contents you want to display. 5. To preview a file, select the file you wish to preview. Let s Try It! What 1. Double-click the Macintosh HD icon on your desktop. 2. Click the Column View button on the Finder toolbar. 3. Click the Macintosh HD icon in the leftmost pane. 4. Click the Library folder in the rightmost pane. 5. Click the User Pictures folder in the rightmost pane. Why Displays the contents of the Macintosh HD folder. Switches to Column View. Displays the contents of the Macintosh HD in the right pane. Inserts a new pane to the right and displays the contents of the Library folder. Inserts a new pane to the right and displays the contents of the User Pictures folder. 6. Click the Sports folder. Inserts a new pane to the right and displays the contents of the Sports folder PCM Courseware, LLC 101

102 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 7. Select the file entitled 8ball.tif. Displays the Preview window. 8. Click the right-pointing arrow to the left of the word Preview as shown below. 9. Click the Back button four times. 10. Click the Close button on the Finder window. Displays a preview of the image. Closes the last four panes. Closes the Finder window. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 102

103 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S 3.9 Navigating Folder Hierarchy In this lesson, we will learn how to navigate the hierarchy of folders. T he Windows Explorer window in Vista offers the option to navigate upwards in the folder hierarchy that is to say, after you navigate down several levels or jump to a folder that is in another folder, to have the ability to move back up the folder levels one at a time. At first glance, it may appear that this same option is not available on the Finder menu. However, there are several ways to navigate folder hierarchy. To view a folder s hidden hierarchy menu, Control-Click (or right-click) on the title of the Finder window. You can also + Click the title as well. The most recent folder in the hierarchy list is displayed. This will also work in most Mac applications Control-click the Title Bar so see the hierarchy of the active document. You can also quickly navigate to the enclosing folder (the next folder above in the hierarchy) by holding down the key and pressing the up arrow. In the example above, if you were displaying the Lesson Files folder, pressing + up arrow will move you to the Desktop folder. Pressing the combination again will bring you to your Home folder (your username). If you wanted to navigate back downward, press the Back button on the Finder toolbar PCM Courseware, LLC 103

104 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S If you want to display the folder hierarchy on every Finder window, you can display the Path Bar, a new feature in Leopard, by selecting View > Path Bar from the Finder menu. This will display the path (or hierarchy) of the current folder. Doubleclick on any folder in the path to jump to that folder. To hide the Path Bar, select View > Hide Path Bar from the Finder menu. To Navigate Folder Hierarchy 1. Control-click (or Right-click) the Title of the Finder window Or + Click the Title of the Finder window. 2. Click the folder in the menu that you want to display. 3. To navigate folder hierarchy using your keyboard, hold down the key and press the up arrow key to move to the next folder in the hierarchy. 4. To display the Path Bar on the bottom of the Finder window, select View > Path Bar from the Finder menu. Double-click any folder in the Path Bar to display the contents of the folder. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 104

105 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S Let s Try It! What Why 1. Click the Finder icon on the Dock. 2. Click the Desktop icon on the Sidebar. 3. Double-click the Lesson Files folder. 4. Control-click (or Right-click if you are using a two button mouse) the Title Lesson Files as shown below. 5. Click Macintosh HD from the Folder Hierarchy menu. Displays a new Finder window. Displays the Desktop folder. Displays the contents of the Lesson Files folder. Displays the Folder Hierarchy menu. Jumps to the Macintosh HD folder. 6. Click Music on the Sidebar. Jumps to the Music folder under your Home folder. 7. Select View > Show Path Bar from the Finder Menu. 8. Double-click your username in the Path Bar as shown below. Displays the Folder Hierarchy (the Path) on the bottom of the Finder window. Jumps you to your Home folder PCM Courseware, LLC 105

106 L E S S O N 3 W O R K I N G W I T H F O L D E R S A N D D I S K S What Why 9. Hold down the key and then press the up arrow key on your keyboard. 10. Hold down the key and then press the up arrow key again. 11. Click the Back button three times. 12. Press the + W keystroke combination. Moves to the next folder in the hierarchy, in this case, the Users folder. Moves to the next folder in the hierarchy, the Macintosh HD folder. Navigates back down to the Music folder. Closes the Finder window. Switching to the Mac Leopard Edition 106