Innovative concepts in SDP Facing new challenges in aircraft position tracking and prediction

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Teresa Leonard
5 years ago
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new challenges in aircraft position tracking and

1 Surveillance Services Info Days Brussels, 6-7 December 2017 Innovative concepts in SDP Facing new challenges in aircraft position tracking and prediction Johannes De Haan SDDS Service Manager TLP: GREEN 1

2 WE NEED INNOVATION Innovative Concepts in SDP 2

3 but the times of free lunches are over We need new funding models Collaborative Development Initiatives Based on: Joint investment Joint exploitation Flexible in organisational form Consortium Joint venture Foundation Participation from ANSPs, Industry, EUROCONTROL and other stakeholders Innovative Concepts in SDP 3

4 CHALLENGES Innovative Concepts in SDP 4

5 Challenges in aviation Old : Increasing traffic levels Cost pressure New: Remotely piloted aerial systems Cyber-security New emerging technologies Innovative Concepts in SDP 5/9

6 What does this mean for SDP? New SDP systems need to: Integrate tracking and prediction Be able to handle heterogeneous traffic Be able to perform in case of complex traffic patterns SDP systems will be needed outside the classical domain as well Drone tracking Perimeter defence In general RPAS security Incorporate new technologies (i.e. Artificial Intelligence) in order to be able to meet the above mentioned goals in a cost efficient manner Innovative Concepts in SDP 6/9

7 NEW TRACKER TECHNOLOGIES 7

8 Dealing with high manoeuvrability targets Current trackers are developed and optimized for the near linear flight operations They use (extended) Kalman filters or similar algorithms High manoeuvrability targets require higher order particle filters for handling non-linear manoeuvres Currently a second order derivative particle filter is under investigation This algorithm has a high potential to perform well in noncooperative environments Parameter optimisation is done with genetic algorithms (automatic tuning) Innovative Concepts in SDP 8/9

9 Non linear predictions of 2 nd order tracker Innovative Concepts in SDP 9/9

10 Dealing with complex traffic patterns Recognizing complex patterns or deviations from these patterns Detecting rogue drones Advanced conflict detection and resolution Tactical and operational traffic flow optimizing Combat management Swarm operations Domain of neural networks Neural networks can select best dynamical models based on recognized patterns Neural networks for basic tracking will be the next step of investigation 10

11 Intelligent SDPS Kalman Filter Neural Network Classifier Genetic Optimizer Dynamic Model 1 Dynamic Model 1 Dynamic Model 1 2 nd Order Derivative Particle Filter Innovative Concepts in SDP 11/9

12 NEW FUNCTIONS IN SDP 12

13 RPAS requiring new SDP functions The introduction of RPAS leads to new functions in surveillance RPAS will lead to a significant increase of flying objects The operation of RPAS requires extended authorization and authentication mechanisms For security, non-repudation is an important element as well This concept could also be used for improving security in dependent surveillance (ADS-B) in conventional aviation The following A&A architecture is under investigation 13

14 RPAS authentication and authorisation Registration Authorisation database Check authorisation Private key Authorisation code UAS transponder Interrogator Innovative Concepts in SDP 14/9

15 A&A key generation process 1. An authenticated owner of a UAS receives an authorisation code from the supervisory authority 2. The owner creates a decryption key based on the authorisation code and a private key (e.g. PIN) 3. The owner statically or dynamically creates a unique identification 4. The transponder creates a reply calculated from the unique ID and the interrogator key (which can be dynamic) 5. A first stage decryption is done at the interrogator sending the unique ID to the authentication and authorisation database 6. The authenticator decrypts the unique ID and checks the authorisation 15

16 A&A Operation If the UAS is authenticated and authorised, nothing further has to be done. If this is not the case different cases can apply: 1. The authentication is OK but the authorisation is not valid for the type of operation, geographical area or has expired. 2. The authentication fails (e.g. spoofing) 16

17 Impact on transponders and interrogators The interrogators and transponders would need additional functions. The current functions would remain untouched. This needs further investigation, especially whether it would be possible to create backward compatible Mode-S and ADS-B squitters that support the additional interrogation keys and responses. 17

18 QUESTIONS? 18

: EUROCONTROL Specification. Surveillance Data Exchange ASTERIX Part 12 Category 21 Appendix A Reserved Expansion Field

: EUROCONTROL Specification. Surveillance Data Exchange ASTERIX Part 12 Category 21 Appendix A Reserved Expansion Field EUROCONTROL Specification for Surveillance Data Exchange ASTERIX Part 12 Category 21 Appendix A Reserved Expansion Field DOCUMENT IDENTIFIER : Edition Number : 1.4 Edition Date : 08/03/2018 Status : Released