Computer System. Rui Wang, Assistant professor Dept. of Information and Communication Tongji University.

Transcription

1 Computer System Rui Wang, Assistant professor Dept. of Information and Communication Tongji University it

2 Introduce myself Got my PhD (major in wireless communications) in Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. in Sept Was a postdoctoral research associate in CUHK from Oct to Oct ruiwang@tongji.edu.cn QQ: Skype: eeruiwang Tel:

3 Use of Computer How computers work? How to make computers work? 3

4 Application Algorithm Programming Execution To learn 4

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6 What Are We Going to Learn? How computers work? Data representation Data manipulation Computer architecture Instruction set architecture CPU (datapath+control) th t Pipeline Memory Bus and I/O devices 6

7 How to make computers work? Algorithm Programming language Data structure System development and software engineering i 7

8 Goal of this course Provides an introduction to a computer s components, characteristics, and interactions Deals with the interactions i of programming with the underlying hardware 8

9 Course contents General introduction ti Data representation & arithmetic Instructions Processor: data path & control Pipelining Accessing performance Memory Bus & I/O 9

10 Resources Textbook: D. A. Patterson, J. L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, 3 rd edition 10

11 Assignment & Final Score Assignments Assigned at the end of each chapter Hand in the assignments in the next classes Exam: written test All the questions are selected from the assignments Final score = assignments (25%) + written test (75%) 11

12 Introduction Brief history Computer categories Computer hierarchy levels General picture of hardware Von-neumann model 12

13 The evolution of computing machinery has taken place over several centuries. The evolution of computers is usually classified into different generations according to the technology of the era. Generation Zero: Mechanical Calculating Machines ( ) 13

14 Pascal s s Calculating Machine Performs basic arithmetic operations (early to mid 1600 s). Does not have what may be considered the basic parts of a computer. 14

15 Babbage s Difference Engine #1 Working portion of Babbage s Difference Engine No. 1, which is the first known automatic ti calculator. l 15

16 Enigma Siemens cipher machine. 16

17 Colossus: codebreaking machine The Colossus (ca. 1944). 17

18 Four generations of computers Vacuum Tube Computer Transistorized Computers 18

19 Four generations of computers Integrated Circuit it Computers Very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) Computers 19

20 ENIAC 20

21 First microprocessor: Intel 4004 (Connect transistors to make) 21

22 Intel Pentium 4 Intel multicore processor 22

23 Alan Turing Von Neumann Turing Award, is an annual award given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 1966 Invention of stored program computers 23

24 Stored-program computers have become known as von Neumann Architecture t systems. 24

25 Moore s Law Computing power doubles every 18 months, for the same price. 25

26 Cloud Computing Original computer Personal computer IBM PC Network WWW Google ENIAC 深蓝

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28 Cloud computing Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of a cloudshaped symbol as an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. 28

29 Internet of Things (LoT) Internet of Things: uniquely identifiable objects (things) and their virtual representations ti in an Internet-like structure Applications: Waste management Urban planning Emergency response 29

30 Computer categories Desktop computers Servers Supercomputer, datacenter Embedded computers (Client/Server,C/S) (Browser/Server,B/S) Supercomputer (Nuclear simulation, weather forecasting) Embedded computer 30

31 Computer Applications 31

32 Computer hierarchy levels 32

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36 General picture of hardware AT Typical Computer System 36

37 Basic components Motherboard CPU Memory:internal external 37

38 Laptop motherboard 38

39 CPU The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system 39

40 Multi-core processor A multi-core li processor is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processors (called "cores"), which are the units that read and execute program instructions 40

41 Internal memory Random-access access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. When computer is powered off, the information is lost. Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage medium used din computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty 41

42 External memory Large volume External memory Hard disk CD,DVDDVD Flash card 42

43 PCI Conventional PCI (PCI is an initialism formed from Peripheral Component Interconnect, part of the PCI Local Bus standard and often shortened to PCI) ) is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. 43

44 PCI-E PCI Express (Peripheral i h l Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. Multiple lanes: PCI-Ex1,x2,x4,x8,x12,x16,x32 44

45 AGP The Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics 45

46 Interface USB:Flash drive, camera, etc. IEEE 1394:DV Removable harddrive PS/2: Mouse, keyboard 46

47 Computer monitor CRT LCD RGB Color space 47

48 ipad

49 Color representation in LED screen 49