CS 101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

Transcription

1 CS 101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

2 WHAT IS THE COMPUTER

3 An electronic device that manipulate information or "data". It has the ability to store, retrieve and process the data.

4 WHAT IS T USED FOR TODAY

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7 Text Images Videos Audio This is called Data Processing

8 A computer acts as a black box that accepts input data, processes the data, and creates output data. Input Data Computer Output Data

9 So.. DO YOU KNOW WHO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF THE COMPUTER

10 ALAN TURING THE FATHER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

11 ALAN TURING He was a British mathematician and computer scientist. He proposed that all computation could be performed by a special kind of machine called: Turing Machine Alan Turing statue in Sackville Park, Manchester

12 Program Input Data Computer Output Data A Program is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do with data.

13 SUM 1,1 Computer 2

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16 a machine that can do any computation if the appropriate program is provided. This was the first description of a modern computer.

17 In Turing Model the memory inside the computer stores data only NOT programs So.. Mr. VON NEUMAN The Hungarian and American mathematician proposed that programs should also be stored inside the memory of a computer

18 Input Data Program Computer Output Data

19 Computer I/ O Input Data ALU Control Unit Memory Output Data Computers today built based on the VON NEUMAN model

20 I/O accept input data/send output data Memory Control Unit ALU the storage area of programs and data. control the Memory, ALU, and I/O (Arithmetic Logic Unit) where calculation & logical operations take place

21 Data and programs stored in the same memory They should have the same format Binary Format

22 Hardware & Software & Data

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24 Data stored in the form of an electrical signal, specifically its presence or absence. (0 s & 1 s)

25 DATA Organization Inside the computer (binary) Outside the computer Numbers, text, images, videos & audios

26 PROGRAMS

27 1- Programs stored in memory 2- a program is a sequence of a finite number of instructions. the instructions are executed one after another. Memory Program Instruction1 Instruction2 : : InstructionX Input Output Control Unit fetches one instruction Decode it Execute it ALU

28 The Programmer try to find the appropriate sequence of instructions that solves the problem This sequence called ALGORITHM

29 Computer Languages Operating System Software Engineering

30 Before 1950 Mechanical machines (before 1930) Early electronic computers ( ) ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) first general-purpose, totally electronic computer 1950 The preceding computers used memory only for storing data EDVAC-1950 the first computer based on von Neumann s idea, After Present 1. First generation ( ) vacuum tubes 2. Second generation ( ) transistors, High-level languages(fortran, COBOL) 3. Third generation ( ) IC(Integrated Circuit), Minicomputer, software industry was born 4. Fourth generation ( ) VLSI, microcomputer 5. Fifth generation (1985-) laptop and palmtop computer

31 Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals, like PCs, workstations or notebook computers. Using a motherboard which contains : CPU microprocessor Memory ROM-RAM Bus system I/O ports

32 SOCIAL ETHICAL Dependency Privacy Social Justice Copyright Digital Divide Computer Crime

33 We understand what is the computer. NOW..WHAT IS COMPUTER SCINCE