PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER

Transcription

1 PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER The Project has been realised with the support of the European Union and has been co-financed by the European Social Fund *** **Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának komplex fejlesztése konzorciumi keretben ***A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósul meg TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

2 Peter Pazmany Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology Ad hoc Sensor Networks Érzékelő mobilhálózatok Applications of ad hoc and sensor networks Ad hoc és érzékelő hálózatok alkalmazása Dr. Oláh András TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

3 Motivations of localization Challenges in WSN Taxonomy of location systems Localization algorithms Accuracy requirements Available localization systems Tracking in WSN Lecture 10 review TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

4 VLSI trends (Moore s law) Computer classes (Bell s law) Wireless networks: The beginning The first steps The envisioned applications Archietceture and characteristics Battery crisis Outline TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

5 VLSI trends: Moore s law The Moore s law (1965) describes a long-term trend (prediction) in the history of computing hardware: the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit and the performance has doubled approximately every months. The capabilities of many digital electronic devices are strongly linked to Moore's law: processing speed, memory capacity, sensors Gordon Moore (1929-) the number and size of pixels in digital cameras TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

6 VLSI trends: Moore s law s_law_-_2008.svg TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

7 Computer classes: Bell s law The Bell s law describes how computer classes form, evolve and may eventually die out. New classes create new applications resulting in new markets and new industries. A new class forms about every decade: mainframes (1960s) minicomputers (1970s) personal computers evolving into a network enabled by LAN or Ethernet (1980s) web browser client-server structures enabled by the Internet (1990s) web services (2000s) small form-factor devices such as cell phones and other cell phone sized devices (2000) Wireless Sensor Networks (>2005) Home and body area networks will form by 2010 Gordon Bell (1934-) TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

8 Bell s law: every decade a new generation WSN TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

9 Wireless Sensor Networks: the beginning The next century challenges: mobile networking for Smart Dust (Kristofer S. J. Pister, J.M. Khan, 1999) UC Berkeley Smart Dust project Advances in digital circuitry will bring us i) ultra low power devices, with ii) small form factor at iii) very low cost fostering a new range of applications. Autonomous sensing and communication in a cubic millimeter TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

10 Wireless Sensor Networks: Many cheaps nodes Wireless easy to install Intelligent collaboration and cooperation Low-power long lifetime Wireless networks characteristics Energy is the driving constraint Data flows to centralized location Low per-node rates but tens to thousands of nodes Intelligence is in the network rather than in the devices TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

11 Wireless Sensor Networks: the first steps Develope hardware Develope sofware (TinyOS) Run experiments Prototype applications TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

12 Wireless Sensor Networks: envisioned applications Smart homes/buildings Urban Warfare Smart structures Search and rescue Homeland security Battlefield surveillance Event detection Medical Agriculture Medical Process Industry Agriculture Fire Fighting AND MANY MORE TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

13 Wireless Sensor Networks: research Topics: Self configuration Node localization Low bitrate communication Ad hoc routing In-network data processing Time synchronization Sensing capacity Constraints: limited resources energy efficiency! TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

14 System architecture of a canonical wireless sensor node Processing unit Microprocessor Microcontroller Transceiver unit Short range radio Sensing unit Sensors Actuators Location finding system Power supply subsystem Battery DC-DC converter ~20% ~50% ~30% TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

15 The battery crisis The Moore s law is not fulfilled Limited capacity: ~2kcal/ battery Slow increase of capacity (~8% yearly) Doubles every 9 years Energy scavenging techniques TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

16 Manufacturers of Sensor Nodes Ember ( Integrated IEEE stack and radio on a single chip Crossbow ( Mica2 mote, Micaz, Dot mote and Stargate Platform Intel Research Stargate, imote Dust Inc Smart Dust Cogent Computer ( XYZ Node (CSB502) in collaboration with ENALAB@Yale Mote iv Telos Mote Texas instuments (ti.com) CC2430 based radio devices More and more TÁMOP /2/A/KMR

17 Summary The Moore s law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware (it has doubled every 2 years) Home and body area networks will form the ITC by 2010 There are numerous envisions applications, but we need a killer application to WSN penetrates. Answer to battery crisis: energy efficiency and/or energy harvesting. Next lecture: Future of wireless technology and research TÁMOP /2/A/KMR