Hardware-Software Design of Embedded Systems

Transcription

1 Universität Dortmund Hardware-Software Design of Embedded Systems Credits: Marwedel 2013, Wolf 2008 Luca Benini DEIS Università di Bologna AA

2 Universität Dortmund Motivation for Course Electronics everywhere Disappearing computer, Ubiquitous computing, Pervasive computing, Ambient intelligence, Post PC era. Basic technologies: Embedded Systems Communication technologies

3 Universität Dortmund Definition Embedded computing system: any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general purpose computer. Take advantage of application characteristics to optimize the design 2008 Wayne Wolf Overheads for Computers as Components, 2 nd ed.

4 Universität Dortmund Embedded Systems The cyber physical loop

5 Universität Dortmund Transportation ES Automotive electronics Avionics Trains

6 Universität Dortmund Consumer ES Mobile Apple s trio UMPC Home DTV (QuadHDTV, UHD, ) Home media center (itv, ) Game (PS3, Xbox, )

7 Universität Dortmund Upcoming Applications Internet of Things (IoT) IoT as a term generally refers to a world in which a large range of objects are addressable via the network Objects can include Smart buildings and home appliances, e.g. washing machines, TVs, fridges, cookers, doors, chairs Civil engineering structures, e.g. bridges, railways Wearable devices, e.g. smart watches, smart glasses, rings, clothes Medical devices, e.g. embedded pills And possibly every THING in the world

8 The Internet of Things some popular projections

9 What is driving the embedded explosion?

10 Photo Credit: Intel Moore s Law (a statement about economics): IC transistor count doubles every months

11 Dennard Scaling made transistors fast and low-power: So everything got better!

12 Radio technologies enabling pervasive computing Source: Steve Dean, Texas Instruments

13 Bell s Law: A new computer class every decade Roughly every decade a new, lower priced computer class forms based on a new programming platform, network, and interface resulting in new usage and the establishment of a new industry. Gordon Bell [1972,2008]

14 What is driving Bell s Law? Technology Scaling Moore s Law Made transistors cheap Dennard s Scaling Made them fast And low power Result Holding #T s constant Exponentially lower cost Exponentially lower power Small, cheap & low power Microcontrollers Memory Radios Technology Innovations MEMS technology Micro fabricated sensors New memories New cell structures (11T) New tech (FeRAM, FinFET) Near threshold computing Minimize active power Minimize static power New wireless systems Radio architectures Modulation schemes Energy harvesting

15 Source: Joe Cross, DARPA MTO

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17 Typical Embedded System Challenges (1 2) Small Size, Low Weight Handheld electronics Transportation applications weight costs money Low Power Battery power for 8+ hours (laptops often last only 2 hours) Limited cooling may limit power even if AC power available Slides from CMU course , Anthony Rowe

18 Typical Embedded System Challenges (2 2) Harsh environment Heat, vibration, shock Power fluctuations, RF interference, lightning Water, corrosion, physical abuse Safety critical operation Must function correctly Must not function incorrectly Extreme cost sensitivity $.05 adds up over 1,000,000 units Slides from CMU course , Anthony Rowe

19 Universität Dortmund Efficiency CPS & ES must be efficient Code size efficient (especially for systems on a chip) Run time efficient Weight efficient Cost efficient Energy efficient Graphics: Microsoft, P. Marwedel, M. Engel, 2011

20 Universität Dortmund Structure of this course FPGA Systems SVerilog-based design Efficiency with Reconfigurable HW Xilinx s Zynq Zedboard MCU systems Firmware design in C Efficiency with smart peripherals and power management STM32 STM32-DISC Multicore Parallel SW in OpenMP Efficiency with parallelism and acceleration Exynos5422 Odroid or Tegra X1 Jetson

21 Universität Dortmund Class organization Web: Teachers: Prof. Class Intro + Fundamental concepts for the three sections Dr. Davide.rossi@unibo.it, Dr. Manuele.Rusci@unibo.it (FPGA/ASIC Systems Section) Dr. Michele.magno@unibo.it, Dr. Francesco.Conti@unibo.it (MCU based System Section) Dr. Alessandro.capotondi@unibo.it, Dr. (Multicore Systems Section) Organization Lectures theory and examples Demos and solved exam exercises Examination Written exam (thee multi part questions/exercises, one for class section) Oral Examination (not compulsory) Project (after screening interview) Pre requisites (!!) Basic digital electronics (i.e. CMOS gates, SRAM, DRAM) Basic Computer Architectures (i.e. Cache, pipeline) C programming (i.e. pointers, compiler, debugger)