WhiteSpace Enabled Rural Broadband to Cognitive M2M

Transcription

1 WhiteSpace Enabled Rural Broadband to Cognitive M2M Dr. Apurva N. Mody, Chairman, WhiteSpace Alliance Chair, IEEE Working Group

2 Disclaimers Large part of this presentation material has been derived from open sources or contributions by various members of the WSA or the IEEE Working Group. Some information is of the IEEE or of the WhiteSpace Alliance Any other material or opinions expressed by the author are his alone and are not those of any particular organization.

3 WhiteSpace Alliance Government / NGO / Academia Service / Content providers Broadcasters / network operators Network Equipment Providers OEMs Chipset Vendors Systems Integrators WhiteSpace Alliance is a technology neutral organization It promotes the use of unused and under-utilized spectrum WSA engages in market awareness and advocacy related activities The Alliance creates and simplifies standards WSA will conduct programs for inter-operability between products WSA plans to adopt IEEE, IETF and 3GPP Standards for use in the WhiteSpaces.

4 WhiteSpace Alliance Members

5 WhiteSpace Alliance is a Global Organization TVWS Workshop (India) With TV Broadcasters Various Industry Events

6 WhiteSpace Alliance Industry Activities

7 WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs Brazil Pilot Program Santa Rita do Sapucai TVWS Radios used in Point to Multi-point configuration to provide broadband access. TVWS Base Station at INATEL India Pilot Program Mumbai and Pune TVWS Radios used in Point to Point configuration to provide backhaul and middle mile solution. WhiteSpace Alliance Pilots: Link

8 WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs - Brazil WhiteSpace Alliance Pilots: Link Brazil Pilots TVWS Database

9 WSA Ongoing Pilot Programs - India TV channels in India occupy a bandwidth of 7MHz in VHF band or 8 MHz in UHF band. Bands Designations: VHF Band-I of MHz, VHF Band-III of MHz, and UHF Band-IV of MHz. Doordarshan (TV Broadcaster) has 1415 TV transmitters operating in various TV Bands. IIT Bombay Research to Map the 1415 TV Transmitters in India WhiteSpace Alliance Pilots: Link

10 WSA Simplifies Standards, Creates Inter-operability, Certification and Testing Program, Helps Create Regulations WSA Wi-FAR Interoperability Specification Derived from the IEEE Standard on Wireless Regional Area Networks. Wi-FAR provides Point to Multi-Point and Backhaul Broadband Wireless Access Under Line of Sight (LoS) and Non Line of Sight (NLoS) Conditions. Optimized OFDMA waveform (similar to the OFDMA technology used in other broadband standards). 22 to 29 Mbps of aggregated throughput per TV Channel and support 512 devices. 10 km up to 30 km. In future, Double the throughput to at least 40 Mbps per 6 MHz TV Channel, include MIMO, Channel Aggregation, Channel Bonding, high rate modulation and coding as well as support for up to 2500 users per channel. WSAConnect Interoperability Specification The WSAConnect interoperability specification is derived from the IETF Protocol to Access White Spaces (PAWS) Standard. The specification is currently being developed within the WSA and is likely to be published to the members by Q3 of In future, it will be enhanced to address the requirements of the 3.5 GHz Spectrum Access System (SAS)

11 Spectrum Sharing, A Digital Opportunity Developed Countries: More than 500 MHz of spectrum will be required before 2020 to support emerging wireless broadband services and applications. Developing Countries: Cost effective broadband access is still a challenge in rural areas and developing countries. Spectrum sharing can create tomorrow s spectrum super-highways. It supports licensed, license-exempt and hierarchical access business models Technologies such as Cognitive Radios, and Database Enabled spectrum access exists Regulations to support spectrum sharing need to be developed Spectrum Sharing *These are authors s personal viewpoints and do not represent the viewpoints of any other organization No Spectrum Sharing

12 Average Spectrum Occupancy in Various Bands Courtesy: Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, Understanding Kaleidoscope of Unlicensed Spectrum originally derived from D. Roberson illinois Institute of Technology Research Many studies are ongoing to quantify unused spectrum. Estimated Spectrum Occupancy by Band up until October Average overall occupancy is <18% for MHz Band Measured in urban area such as Chicago

13 Why share spectrum: PCAST recommendations Clearing and Reallocation of Federal Spectrum is Not Sustainable. Recent NTIA Study - Clearing of just one 95 MHz band will take 10 years, cost $18 billion, and caused significant disruption. Net revenue from last successful auction of 45 MHz realized a net income of just a few hundred million a year for the government. ($5.3 billion total) More Efficient and Immediate Use of Federal Spectrum will be Obtained through Sharing Courtesy: Mark Gorenberg, Hummer Winbald Venture Partners

14 Tomorrow: shared-use Spectrum Superhighways PCAST recommends the President issue a new memorandum that: states the policy of the U.S. government is to share underutilized Federal spectrum; and identifies immediately 1,000 MHz of Federal spectrum for sharing with the private sector; and The New Spectrum Superhighway: Divides spectrum into substantial blocks with common characteristics Makes sharing by Federal users with commercial users the norm Measures spectrum effectiveness using a new metrics Increases capacity and spectrum re-use by 1,000 s of times. Spectrum Sharing will create tomorrow s shared use superhighway PCAST Report (USA) Courtesy: Mark Gorenberg, Hummer Winbald Venture Partners

15 Spectrum Sharing Enablers Spectrum Sharing Enablers: In general, these techniques are widely accepted to enable spectrum sharing WhiteSpace Alliance Supports All these Mechanisms Cognitive Radio and Advanced Transmitter / Receiver Technologies Spectrally Efficient Waveforms Spectrum Database Spectrum sensing Beaconing

16 Developing Countries - 15 Years have Passed by Talking about Digital Divide We have been talking about bridging this digital divide for more than fifteen years The UN ICT Task Force was created by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in November 2001, acting upon a request by the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) dated July 11, 2000, with an initial term of mandate of three years (until the end of 2004). In November 2002 Kofi Annan issued a Challenge to Silicon Valley to create suitable systems at prices low enough to permit deployment everywhere, whether through international aid programs, NGOs, charities, or microcredit support. UN Information and Communications Technologies Task Force: Link

17 Providing cost-effective RURAL broadband is a significant opportunity Today, 73% of the people in the world (5.1 Billion people) do not have access to internet. More than half the population in the world live in rural areas with hardly any access to broadband. It is expensive to lay fiber / cable in rural and remote areas with low population density. Wireless is the only solution. Backhaul and Middle Mile internet access for rural areas is very expensive (50% of the cost) Traditional wireless carriers have focused on urban areas with high populations density (faster Return on Investment) using licensed spectrum This has created a DIGITAL DIVIDE / OPPORTUNITY

18 TV Band WhiteSpaces: Can help Alleviate Digital Divide VHF / UHF bands traditionally have highly favorable propagation characteristics. Penetrating through foliage and structures, they reach far and wide WhiteSpaces offer ten times the coverage and three times the capacity of the Wi-Fi spectrum Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, White Space - Potentials and Realities

19 Estimated TVWS in the US After Incentive Auctions Net effect for white spaces varies by MHz cleared and market: Large urban areas likely lose the least white space since as such they did not have much; Suburban areas will likely become more white space constrained; Rural areas will loose some white spaces, but still have many open channels. Giulia McHenry and Coleman Bazelon, WSA Brattle Group Webinar on TVWS Availability After the incentive Auctions

20 WhiteSpace Applications BEFORE Now Rural Broadband and Backhaul

21 Technologies and Standards in Television White Spaces IETF - PAWS (Database) More than $125M invested in creating TV WhiteSpace Standards (Co-existence) IEEE m (ZigBee) 3GPP LTE + Other Proprietary IEEE (Wi-FAR) IEEE h Applicable to TVWS IEEE AF (Wi-Fi)

22 TV Channel Modeling IEEE (Wi-FAR ) specifically designed to support large multi-path delay absorption Long distance communication in the VHF/ UHF Band needs to deal with severe multipath and delay spread conditions Frequency selective with large excessive delay Excessive delay (measurements in US, Germany, France*) Longest delay: >60 μsec 85% test location with delay spread ~35 μsec Low frequency (54~862 MHz) Long range (up to 100 km) Slow fading Small Doppler spread (up to a few Hz) * WRAN Channel Modeling, IEEE /0055r7, Aug 05 Information provided by TV Broadcasters Relative attenuation (db) Profile C Excess delay (usec)

23 IEEE (Wi-FAR ) Frame Structure Co-existence Beacon Protocol (CBP) burst used for self co-existence and terrestrial geolocation Time Division Duplex (TDD) frame structure Super-frame: 160 ms, Frame: 10 ms OFDM/ OFDMA Transport QPSK up to 64 QAM modulation supported Convolutional codes and other advanced codes supported Throughput: Mbps per TV channel WITH NO MIMO. MIMO and channel bonding increase the throughput Spectral Efficiency: bits / sec / Hz Distance: 10 km minimum. Upto 30 km and even 100 kms MAC supports Cognitive Radio features Self-coexistence Window (SCW): BS commands subscribers to send out CBPs for

24 Concept of IEEE (Wi-FAR ) Frame Operation The allocation of burst could be based on distance of CPE from BS in order to compensate the propagation delay under overlapping cells Down Stream Bursts Up Stream Bursts Long distance From BS CPE Short distance From BS CPE Home Cell Coverage SCW Neighbor Cell Coverage T=0 BS Frame N IEEE The propagation systems time for are CPEs beyond 30km will be designed accommodated to accommodate by scheduling of late upstream propagation bursts delays and channel delay spreads of up to 100 km. Contention for all CBP transmitters T=10ms Neighbor Cell CPE Neighbor BS

25 Intelligent Transportation System WhiteSpace Applications Internet of Things (IoT) Spectrum Characterization and Occupancy Sensing (SCOS) - IoT Smart cities Smart Home

26 WhiteSpace Applications Triple play Cellular offload Critical infrastructure monitoring Border protection Environment monitoring Emergency broadband infrastructure

27 WhiteSpace Applications Archipelago and marine broadband service. Servicing oil rigs TVDB = (TV Database) LC- CPE = Low Complexity CPE Remote medical service IEEE for Backhaul and Middle Mile, IEEE af for Access C. W. Pyo, Use Cases for IEEE (Wi-FAR(TM)) Smart Grid and Critical Infrastructure Monitoring

28 TV WhiteSpace for Backhaul and Middle Mile There is a urgent need for cost-effective backhaul and middle mile solutions for broadband access in both developed and developing countries Licensed carriers do not want to use their precious spectrum for backhaul. They would rather offload as much as possible to some other spectrum.

29 Backhaul Trade Space Analysis Source: Backhaul or Small Cells, Dr. Jonathan Wells, Mobile Experts, November 2012 TCO = Total cost of ownership TVWS solutions can provide nearly 30 km of backhaul at medium data rates (20 Mbits per 6 MHz TV channel) with very little Total Cost of Ownership as compared to other solutions.

30 SATCOM and WhiteSpaces have a Play Low latency medium capacity backhaul using TVWS Larger latency higher capacity backhaul using New SATCOM

31 All that Matters is Seamless Connectivity Peter Flynn, Building a Wireless Infrastructure: the Critical Role of Backhaul, Texas Instruments All that matters is seamless connectivity and user experience. Licensed, license-exempt and shared spectrum will be used. TVWS (low latency, moderate capacity) + New emerging SATCOM (large latency, high capacity) are complementary solutions for backhaul and middle mile needs

32 Cognitive Machine to Machine (CM2M) 50 Billion machine to machine devices will be deployed by 2020 By 2020 Wireless Technologies are likely to contribute $4.5 Trillion to global economy through organic growth and new disruptive M2M technologies

33 Sensing and Topology Enabled WhiteSpace Database Univ. of Washington, Database Implementation Database implementations in the future will take into account terrain, topology and spectrum sensing.

34 Sensing and Topology Enabled WhiteSpace Database Chittabrata Ghosh, Prof. Sumit Roy Univ. of Washington, Database Implementation Method using classification algorithm Calculate field strength at all dense points around transmitters with L-R P2P mode Estimation of L-R field strength (KIRO-TV) Comparison of coverage (KIRO-TV) L-R P2P Vs F-Curve Significantly more WhiteSpaces Available when Database is Aided by Spectrum Sensing and Terrain Information

35 WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios US Japan NICT Hitachi Kokusai IEEE Prototype Moving to IEEE

36 WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios Nutaq 0.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz SDR Platform AmeriSys SDR TI / Azcom and LTE Solution

37 WhiteSpace Technologies Databases and Radios Fabless Semiconductor company Providing IC/Modules for building next generation networks Recognized by EE Times as one of the startups to watch in 2014 Hitachi / NICT TVWS field experiments using IEEE and IEEE af. Successful downstream and upstream data transmission at 12.7 km distance between IEEE based base station and customer premises equipment, at a speed of 5.2 Mbps and 4.5Mbps, respectively: Link

38 How will All This Work? Wait for Regulations or Leap Frog Pilots and Trials in over 20 locations world-wide have shown that Database Enabled Spectrum Sharing in TVWS works. Causes no interference to the primary users. No need for further Pilots or Trial Deployments need to Start Public / Govt / Private Partnership a Key

39 Conclusions Spectrum sharing can benefit developed and developing countries Spectrum sharing can create tomorrow s spectrum super-highways. It supports licensed, license-exempt and hierarchical access business models There is a dire need to resolve cost-effective backhaul and middle mile problem. TV Band WhiteSpaces along with the right technologies offers a way to create digital divide into a digital opportunity. Regulations to support spectrum sharing are evolving.. Products and Solutions based on Technologies and Standards for spectrum Sharing and Database enabled Spectrum Access are emerging IEEE (Wi-FAR ) Backhaul and Middle Mile IEEE af (Wi-Fi ) Last Mile and Access IETF Protocol to Access White Spaces (PAWS) Standard for Database access We urge companies such as yours join the WhiteSpace Alliance to realize this multi- Billion Dollar Opportunity

40 References PCAST Report Report to the President Realizing Full Potential of the Govt. held Spectrum to Spur Economic Growth 20_2012.pdf Richard Thanki, Economic Significance of License-exempt Spectrum. IEEE Working Group Website Apurva Mody, Gerald Chouinard, Overview of the IEEE Standard on Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) and Core Technologies overview-and-core-technologies.pdf United States Federal Communications Commission United Kingdom Office of Communications (OfCom) - Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, ml Hitachi Kokusai NICT Field Trials of IEEE and IEEE af technologies: Link

41 References Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, Understanding the kaleidoscope of Unlicensed Spectrum Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, White Space - Potentials and Realities Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, Building a Wireless Infrastructure: the Critical Role of Backhaul Peter Flynn, Texas Instruments, TV White Space: Just in Time Technology