What is hidden in the monitoring data? A stamp collection plotting approach

Transcription

1 What is hidden in the monitoring data? A stamp collection plotting approach Christian Reise & Nils Reich Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany

2 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp collection Collaborative effort within PVPS Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

3 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

4 Monitoring data: what is monitored? slide stolen from Achim Woyte G I V DC I DC P DC V AC I AC P AC PV array Inverter Grid T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield I C Array capture losses I S System losses PR

5 Monitoring data: what is monitored? G I PV array V DC I DC P DC Inverter V AC I AC P AC T amb, T mod, S W y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

6 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer - global horizontal - plane-of-array G - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA POA in tracked systems Sun-Tracking sensors - diffuse (shading ball) - direct beam y r Reference yield PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity V DC I DC P DC y A Array yield Inverter V AC I AC P AC y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

7 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Actual system data Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

8 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

9 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

10 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield Calculated quantities PR I C Array capture losses I S System losses

11 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture PR_array losses often only for sub-systems

12 Monitoring data: what is monitored? Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system and how is it monitored? y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield Data from inverters? Data from supposedly better quality monitoring? Data from high-quality monitoring? y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems

13 Collecting data looked quite challenging especially with so many participating Task 13 members from all over the world Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility meter V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system and how is it monitored? y r Reference yield PR Calculated quantities y f System yield Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? y A Array yield I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems

14 To master this challenge: just face it!

15 PV stamp collection

16 PV stamp collection One week of data over time

17 PV stamp collection One week of data over time G poa T amb T mod V dc I dc P ac PR

18 PV stamp collection G T amb T mod V dc I dc P dc PR

19 PV stamp collection Relations of quantities during this week

20 PV stamp collection Relations during one year

21 Detailing a few of these relations

22 DC power vs. irradiance intensity

23 DC power vs. irradiance intensity?-)

24 DC power vs. irradiance intensity G sensor failure

25 DC power vs. irradiance intensity G sensor failure?

26 DC power vs. irradiance intensity G sensor failure

27 DC power vs. irradiance intensity G sensor failure

28 DC power vs. irradiance intensity G sensor failure Entire outage

29 DC & AC Power vs. G POA PDC PAC Quite some scattering can be observed

30 DC to AC ratio

31 DC PR and inverter efficiency vs. G POA DC-PR Inverter efficiency

32 DC PR vs. T mod

33 DC PR vs. T mod

34 DC PR vs. T mod Irradiance intensity effects Temperature related

35 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

36 We collected many collections

37 We collected many collections

38 We collected many collections

39 We collected many collections in master/slave mode

40 as well as all Task 13 members

41 and had fruitful discussions

42 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

43 Tracking failures w/ astronomical control? Tracker azimuth Solar azimuth Plots created by Anton Driesse (now PV Performance Labs)

44 Comparison of tracking controls Astronomical Optical Plots created by Anton Driesse (now PV Performance Labs)

45 Carpet-plots Example of color coded G poa Hour of day Day of year Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

46 Carpet-plots Example of color coded G poa Hour of day Day of year Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

47 Carpet-plots Example of color coded G poa Hour of day Day of year Information is densified Colour encoding showing 3 rd quantity (3d plot in 2d)

48 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle Projection of sun elevation (yellow) onto a vertical plane orthogonal to the azimuth of the module rows (red)

49 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

50 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle

51 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle observed shading loss: 4.8%

52 Monitoring shading loss by profile angle modelled shading loss: 4.8%

53 Monitoring inverter power limitation

54 Monitoring inverter power limitation PR SI =89.5% PR SI =88.4% observed limitation loss: 0.1%

55 Monitoring inverter power limitation modelled limitation loss: 0.1%

56 Outline Introduction Stamps & a simple PV stamp-collection Collaborative effort within Task 13 Examples of more complex plotting Conclusions

57 Summary and conclusions The stamp collection approach proved to be quite helpful Enabled collection of data from many contributors Fostered discussions, eased exchange of expertise Also special phenomena can be (dis)covered The stamps have the risk to be confusing, too The diversity can lead to confusion The sheer amount of plots can also be an obstacle We sensed the need to focus & develop user guidelines

58 Having done all this Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

59 Nils started to collect stamps Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

60 Nils started to collect stamps Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

61 Nils started to collect stamps Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

62 Nils started to collect stamps Irradiance Pyranometer G - global horizontal - plane-of-array - diffuse fraction (shading ring) Reference Cells in POA PV array Meteo data T amb, T mod, S W precipitation, humidity Actual system data V DC,array I DC,array P DC,array Inverter PV total V AC,array I AC,array P AC,array System specs Module & inverter data interconnection scheme location and orientation Utility device V DC,system P AC,array I DC,system P DC,system y r Reference yield y A Array yield y f System yield and how is it monitored? Data from inverters? Data from better quality monitoring? Data from highquality monitoring? Calculated quantities for sub-systems and the entire PV power plant I S I C System losses Array capture losses often only for sub-systems PR

63 A big Thank You! to all contributors and to you for your kind attention