Phased Array Antennas with Optimized Element Patterns

Transcription

1 Phased Array Antennas with Optimized Element Patterns Sergei P. Skobelev ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com

2 Contents Preface Introduction xi xiii CHAPTER 1 General Concepts and Relations Basic Characteristics Element and Array Radiation Patterns Array Factor Directivity, Gain, and Efficiency Infinite Array Model Quasi-Periodic Excitation Aperiodic Excitation Ideal Element Pattern The Highest Level Contours of the Ideal Element Pattern Element Gain on Ideal Contour Ideal Element Efficiency and Mutual Coupling On Realizability of the Ideal Contour Element Pattern Properties of Orthogonality Element Pattern with Nonideal Contour Minimum Number of Controlled Elements Formulation Element Use Factor Two-Dimensional Problems for One-Dimensional Periodic Structures Fields at Quasi-Periodical Excitation Excitation of One Array Input Ideal Array Element Characteristics 36 References 41 Appendix 1A Array Element Gain on the Ideal Contour 45 Appendix IB On the Forming of Orthogonal Beams by a Planar Aperture 47 Appendix 1С On the Efficiency of a Dense Array Shaping a Contour Radiation Pattern 52 CHAPTER 2 Arrays with Beam-Forming Networks Overview of Technical Solutions Array Based on Butler Matrices 55 VII

3 Contents Network of J. Т. Nemit Network of R. J. Mailloux and P. R. Franchi Network of R. F. Frazita, A. R. Lopez, and R. J. Giannini Network of E. С DuFort Multicascaded Chessboard Network Analysis of the Radiation Characteristics Statement and Solution of the Synthesis Problem Experimental Study of the Chessboard Network A Linear Array with Chessboard Network as a Feed of a Parabolic Cylindrical Antenna Formulation of the Problem Highest Possible Antenna Gain Results, Comparison, and Discussion Quasioptical Analogs of the Chessboard Network Features of the Array Geometry Subarray Pattern Results of Calculations 84 References 86 CHAPTER 3 Arrays of Coupled Dual-Mode Waveguides A Simplified Model An Improved Model for Scanning in E-Plane Array Geometry and Excitation Mathematical Model Highest Characteristics at Dual-Mode Excitation Optimization of the Structure Numerical Results Array Structure for Scanning in H-Plane Features of Geometry and Optimum Excitation Computed Array Characteristics Experimental Study of the H-Plane Array 109 References 111 Appendix ЗА Calculation of the Scattering Matrix Elements for the Slots in Waveguide Walls 113 Appendix 3B Analysis of the Modified H-Plane Array Aperture 115 CHAPTER 4 Arrays with Reactively Loaded Radiators On Application of Reactive Loads in Array Antennas Modulated Corrugated Structure Excited by Electric and Magnetic Currents Quasi-Periodic Excitation Radiation Pattern at Local Excitation Shaping of Sector Radiation Pattern 131

4 IK 4.3 Modulated Corrugated Structure with Active Waveguides Analysis and Synthesis Calculated and Measured Results 137 References 139 CHAPTER 5 Waveguide Arrays with Protruding Dielectric Elements Waveguide-Dielectric Arrays and Structures Overview of the Methods and Results Mode-Matching Method Incomplete Galerkin Method Projective Resonator Method Method of Surface Integral Equations and Method of Auxiliary Sources Method of Integral Equations for Polarization Currents Finite Element Method and Commercial Codes Hybrid Projective Method in Two-Dimensional Problems (E-Polarization) Array Geometry and Excitation Representation of Fields Projective Matching of the Fields on the Boundaries Application of the Finite Element Method Algebraic System and Array Characteristics Realization, Validation, and Numerical Results Excitation of Array in TEM-Mode (H-Polarization) Statement of the Problem and Representation of the Fields Relations Resulted from Conditions on the Boundaries Finite Element Method for H-Polarized Waves Total Algebraic System Realization of the Algorithm and Discussion of the Array Characteristics Three-Dimensional Problem Statement of the Problem and Fields in the Structure The Hybrid Projective Method Array Characteristics Results and Discussion 186 References 190 Appendix 5A Explicit Expressions for Integrals (5.22), (5.23), and (5.24) 193 Appendix 5B Values of Integrals (5.119) 194 CHAPTER 6 Arrays with Strip, Disk, and Wire Structures Experimental Breadboard of Array with Multidisk Radiators Breadboard Design Results of Measurement 197

5 X Contents 6.2 Waveguide Arrays with Strip Structures Statement of the Problem and Method of Solution Numerical Results and Discussion Planar Array of Circular Waveguides with Disk Structures Geometry, Excitation, and Field Representation Algebraic System and Array Characteristics Results of Numerical Modeling Results of Breadboarding Arrays of Yagi-Uda Antenna Elements Problem Formulation and Solution Results of Calculation and Discussion Arrays of Waveguides with Semitransparent Wire-Grid Walls Statement and Solution of the Problem Realization and Validation of the Algorithm Results of Analysis and Optimization 239 References 243 Appendix 6A Calculation of the Green's Function for Doubly Periodic Structures by the Method of M. M. Ivanishin 246 Appendix 6B Accelerating the Convergence of Series (6.57) 250 About the Author 253 Index 255