A comparison of AMoN measurements with localized, arrayed passive NH 3 samplers in Northern Utah Dr. Randal S. Martin
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1 A comparison of AMoN measurements with localized, arrayed passive NH 3 samplers in Northern Utah Dr. Randal S. Martin Dept. of Civil and Env. Eng. Utah Water Research Laboratory Utah State University Utah Climate Center 8200 Canyon Road Logan, UT randy.martin@usu.edu (435) Dr. Munkh Baasandorj Utah Division of Air Quality Utah Dept. of Env. Quality and, Dept.of Atmospheric Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT mbaasandorj@utah.gov (801)
2 Why the concern with gasphase ammonia in Northern Utah (and SE Idaho)
3 Utah (and SE Idaho) PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Areas
4 State of the Air American Lung Association Top Polluted U.S. Cities (24-hr PM 2.5 ) 2013 ( data) - April 2014 report - (1) Fresno-Madera, CA (2) Visalia-Porterville-Hanford, CA (3) Bakersfield, CA (4) LA-Long Beach, CA (5) Modesto-Merced, CA (6) Pittsburgh, PA-OH-WV (7) Fairbanks, AK (8) SLC-Orem-Provo, UT (9) El Paso, Las Cruces, TX-NM (10) San Jose-SF-Oakland, CA (11) Logan, UT-ID 2014 ( data) - April 2015 report - (1) Fresno-Madera, CA (2) Bakersfield-Delano, CA (3) Visalia-Porterville, CA (4) Modesto-Merced, CA (5) LA-Long Beach-Riverside, CA (6) San Jose-SF-Oakland, CA (7) SLC-Ogden-Clearfield, UT (8) Logan, UT-ID (9) Fairbanks, AK (10) Pittsburgh, PA-OH-WV 2015 ( data) - April 2016 report - (1) Bakersfield-Delano, CA (2) Fresno-Madera, CA (3) Visalia-Porterville, CA (4) Modesto-Merced, CA (5) Fairbanks, AK (6) SLC-Orem-Provo, UT (7) Logan, UT-ID (8) San Jose-SF-Oakland, CA (9) LA-Long Beach-Riverside, CA (10) Missoula, MT
5 Salt Lake and Cache Valley PM 2.5 Composition For both SLC and CV airsheds, ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) averages > 50% of wintertime PM 2.5 mass modeled & measured During elevated PM 2.5 episodes in CV, NH 4 NO 3 accounts for 80-95% PM 2.5 mass UDAQ SIP observed PM 2.5 speciation for SLC s Hawthorne site (Dec. 2014) UDAQ SIP modeled PM 2.5 speciation for Cache Valley (Dec. 2014)
6 Cache Valley SIP NH 3 Emissions Inventory Idaho DEQ, Cache Valley Idaho PM 2.5 Nonattainment Area SIP, Dec. 2012
7 Salt Lake Valley NH 3 Emissions Inventory US EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory (EI) Data
8 So how much ammonia is available in the region s airsheds?
9 NADP s Nation Trends Network (NTN) Ammonium Ions (1988)
10 NADP s Nation Trends Network (NTN) Ammonium Ions (1989)
11 NADP s Nation Trends Network (NTN) Ammonium Ion Wet Deposition
12 Utah Sites in NADP s Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) Established under NADP in Oct Passive (Radiello), 2-wk duration gas-phase ammonia (NH 3 ) samplers 3 AMoN cites currently in Utah NADP NTN UT01 (Cache Valley ) est d AMoN Nov NADP AMoN UT97 (Salt Lake City) also est d Nov NADP AMoN UT09 (CNP Island in the Sky) est d May 2014 Class I area, collocated with a long-established IMPROVE site
13 NADP s Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN)
14 The Super Volcano (gaseous NH 3 ; AMoN 2012 data, µg/m 3 )
15
16 But are the seemingly high AMoN sites representative for the local airsheds?
17 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
18 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
19 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) urban [NH 3 ] avg = 13.2 µg/m 3 ; rural [NH 3 ] avg = 38.2 µg/m 3 wind direction had little affect on rural NH 3 concentrations Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
20 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) urban [NH 3 ] avg = 13.2 µg/m 3 ; rural [NH 3 ] avg = 38.2 µg/m 3 wind direction had little affect on rural NH 3 concentrations Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season winter [NH 3 ] avg = 29.1 µg/m 3 ; summer [NH 3 ] avg = 24.7 µg/m 3 spatial trends mimicked known/suspected sources and strengths UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
21 2006 Passive Ambient NH3 Winter (29.1 µg/m3) Summer (24.7 µg/m3) NH3 Source Density
22 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) urban [NH 3 ] avg = 13.2 µg/m 3 ; rural [NH 3 ] avg = 38.2 µg/m 3 wind direction had little affect on rural NH 3 concentrations Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season winter [NH 3 ] avg = 29.1 µg/m 3 ; summer [NH 3 ] avg = 24.7 µg/m 3 spatial trends mimicked known/suspected sources and strengths UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling (CV) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 15.9 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 23.3 µg/m 3 (SLC) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 4.2 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 3.9 µg/m 3 Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
23 AMoN Annual Utah NH 3 ( ) UT01 Annual Average = 15.9 µg/m 3 UT01 Jan-Feb 2016 Avg 23.3 µg/m 3 UT97 Annual Average = 4.2 µg/m 3 UT97 Jan-Feb 2016 Avg 3.9 µg/m 3
24 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) urban [NH 3 ] avg = 13.2 µg/m 3 ; rural [NH 3 ] avg = 38.2 µg/m 3 wind direction had little affect on rural NH 3 concentrations Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season winter [NH 3 ] avg = 29.1 µg/m 3 ; summer [NH 3 ] avg = 24.7 µg/m 3 spatial trends mimicked known/suspected sources and strengths UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling (CV) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 15.9 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 23.3 µg/m 3 (SLC) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 4.2 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 3.9 µg/m 3 Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks (10 each) of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season
25 Jan/Feb 2016 Passive Ambient NH 3 USU Animal Science Farm (UT01) Salt Lake City (U of U campus)
26 Jan/Feb 2016 Passive Ambient NH 3 Cache Valley 2016 NH 3 Network (roughly 55 km x 20 km) Wasatch Front 2016 NH 3 Network (roughly 90 km x 25 km)
27 Jan/Feb 2016 Passive Ambient NH 3 Wasatch Front 2016 NH 3 : 14.2 µg/m 3
28 2016 Passive Ambient NH 3 Avg 2016 NH 3 : µg/m winter NH 3 : 29.1 µg/m 3 UT01: 23.3 µg/m 3 UT97: 3.9 µg/m 3 Wasatch Front 2016 NH 3 : 14.2 µg/m 3
29 Northern Utah Ambient NH 3 Dec March 2004 (CV) week-long denuder & filter samples at Logan city sampling site annual [NH 3 ] avg = 5.7 µg/m 3 ; winter [NH 3 ] avg = 9.2 µg/m 3 determined airshed NH 3 rich by around 2x more than 90% of the time Nov. Mar. 2004/2005 (CV) hourly chemilumenescent measurements at Logan (urban) and Amalga (rural) urban [NH 3 ] avg = 13.2 µg/m 3 ; rural [NH 3 ] avg = 38.2 µg/m 3 wind direction had little affect on rural NH 3 concentrations Winter (Jan.-Mar.) and Summer (Jun.-Jul.) 2006 (CV) valley-wide network of 17 arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers three, 5-7 day sample periods during each season winter [NH 3 ] avg = 29.1 µg/m 3 ; summer [NH 3 ] avg = 24.7 µg/m 3 spatial trends mimicked known/suspected sources and strengths UT01 AMoN site initiated in Oct (CV) 2-week duration passive sampling (CV) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 15.9 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 23.3 µg/m 3 (SLC) annual [NH 3 ] avg = 4.2 µg/m 3 ; Jan.-Feb 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 3.9 µg/m 3 Winter 2016 (CV & Wasatch Front [SLC]) valley-wide networks of arrayed passive Ogawa NH 3 samplers five, 7 day sample periods during each season CV [NH 3 ] avg = µg/m 3 ; Animal Science Farm [NH 3 ] avg = µg/m 3 SLC [NH 3 ] avg = 14.2 µg/m 3 ; AMC 2016 [NH 3 ] avg = 16.2 µg/m 3
30 Summary Cache Valley (UT01) Ammonia Super Volcano is not a myth! 3-4x higher at UT01 than other continental AMoN sites the Cache Valley NH 3 Super Volcano is real! local hotspots exist, but abundant gas-phase NH 3 is ubiquitous SLC (UT97) among next tier of highest concentration areas NADP s AMoN location s(ut01 and UT97) seem representative for the Cache Valley and Wasatch Front separate 2016 network study showed approx 4x times higher at each location even though UT01 within a few hundred yards of livestock (NADP footnote B ) Relatively consistent ambient measurements across several different measurement campaigns/protocols
31 Acknowledgements Utah Division of Air Quality (UDAQ) and the Utah Air Monitoring Center (UAMC) Utah State University (USU) and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL) Utah Climate Center (UCC) Bear River Health Department (BRHD) Idaho Division of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and the Ammonia Monitoring Network (AMoN) And way too many colleagues, students, and friends to mention
32 PM 2.5 in Northern Utah A not-so-good very A bad day day (PM 2.5 (PM= 9 µg/m = 45 µg/m ; Nov = 82 µg/m 3 ; Jan. ; 29, Dec. 7, 2010) 2011) 2, 2010) Dry Canyon ridge (approx ft asl) CV Highest 24-hr PM 2.5 : µg/m 3 (Feb. 7, 2002) Highest 98 th percentile 24-hr PM 2.5 : µg/m 3 (Jan. 6, 2004) A really, really bad day (PM 2.5 = 102 µg/m 3 ; Feb. 16, 2004)
33 04-05 Amalga (rural) NH 3 compared to Wind Direction
34 Modeled Ambient NH 3 Box Model: Overall NH 3 average = 4.5 µg/m 3 summer: 7.5 µg/m 3 winter: 1.7 µg/m 3 ISCST3 Model: Overall NH 3 average = 19.6 µg/m 3 summer: 12.0 µg/m 3 winter: 27.2 µg/m 3
35 Passive Indoor NH 3 24 hr sample 2 adults 2 children 2 dogs >50 cats 75 hr sample 2 adults 4 children 75 hr sample 2 adults 3 children 1 dog 2 cats December 2005
36 UT01 NH3 and Cache Valley PM2.5
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