INDEX. Symbols. (OR operator), comparing variables and constants and, 100

Transcription

1 INDEX Symbols -- operators, & (ampersand) address-of operator, 151 bitwise operator, lvalues and rvalues and, 176, 178 as menu shortcut, 666 && (ampersands) AND operator, 107 rvalue references and, 178 #include directive, * (asterisks) declaring pointers and, , 232 indirection operator, 152 /* and */, comments and, 31 // (slashes) comments and, 31 start and end tags and, 860 :: (scope resolution operator), 82 84, 86 [ ] (square brackets) deleting arrays and, 172, 175 function pointer array elements and, 237 as subscript operator, 420 ^ (hat symbol) ref class objects and, 857 ^ operator (bitwise exclusive OR), _ (underscore), variable names and, 39 { } (curly braces) case statements and, 112 if statements and, 100 if-else statements and, 105 initializing arrays and, 140, 148 (bitwise OR operator), (OR operator), ~ (bitwise NOT operator), 74 + operator, concatenating strings with, 416, (increment operator), 62 63, = operator, concatenating strings with, 417 <!--, XAML comments and, < > (angled brackets) header files and, 32 < operator CBox objects and, 395 overloading, 346 << operator (bitwise shift), <= operator, CBox objects and, 395 = (assignment operator), 98!= operator, CBox objects and, 395 == (equal to operator) basics of, CBox objects and, 395 comparing variables and constants and, 100 -> (direct member selection operator), 350 -> (indirect member selection operator), 287, >, XAML comments and, > operator, comparing strings and, 427 >> operator (bitwise shift), (member selection operator), 279, 344 ; (semicolons) assignment statements and, 55 declarations and, 41, 149 else keywords and, 104 function prototypes and, 195 if statements and, 99 for loops and, 119 macros and,

2 , (commas) arithmetic operations, (commas) initializing arrays and, 140, 148 in numbers, 43 :: (colons) namespaces and, 33 scope resolution operator, 193, (ellipsis) exception declarations and, 242 in function definitions, 214 () (parentheses) around dereferenced pointers, expressions between, extract() function and, overriding operator precedence and, 66 sizeof operator and, 160 std::min and std::max and, 718 () operator, 501! operator, 108 A A<pair<K,T>> allocator type, 494 A<T> allocator type, 494 abstract classes, access control in classes, basics of, 291 inheritance and, , accumulate() algorithm, 576 accumulate() template function, 529 Add Member Variable Wizard, 403, , , 804, 805 Add New Item dialog, 29 addition operators, overloading, addresses pointer arithmetic and, 164 returning from functions, address-of operator & (ampersand), 151 AddSegment() function drawing curves and, implementing, 724 algorithms, , alignment when creating triangles, 876 when printing, 845 allocators, 494 AND operator (&&), 107 animate controls, 771 animation, transitions and, 899, anonymous unions, append() function, strings and, 421 application class MFC, Windows programming and, 628 Application Type option (MFC Application Wizard), Application Wizards. See also MFC Application Wizard output, 640 printing and, 833, 839 serialization and, 816, 818 A Simple Program (example) and, various, 606 applications basics of writing, 2 console. See console applications desktop, 2 5 MDI, creating, MFC, creating, SDI, creating, See also MFC Application Wizard output Windows, creating and executing, Arc() function, Area() function, 282 arguments. See also functions, passing arguments to defined, 190 function arguments, omitting, passed to WindowProc() function, 622 pointers to functions as, type arguments, using containers and, arithmetic expressions, in assignment statements, 35 arithmetic operations basics of, calculating results, 60 const keyword,

3 array containers bitwise operators constant expressions, 58 displaying results, Exercising Basic Arithmetic (example), operators, 257 with pointers, program input, 59 array containers array<t, N> template, array<t,n> template, 526 basics of, 492, members of derived class objects, 527 Using Arrays (example), arrays. See also multidimensional arrays allocating memory dynamically for, Array Names as Pointers (example), Arrays of Pointers (example), basics of, character arrays, strings and, declaring, defined, 44 initializing, multidimensional, of objects, one-dimensional, defined, 146 passing to functions, pointers and, 163 of pointers to functions, range-based for loop, using with, 142 sort<t>() function template and, 521 Arrow Keys property, 786 ASCII codes character data types and, 44 if statements and, 101, 102 ASSERT_VALID() macro, 730 assign() function lists and, 538 vectors and, 516 assignment operators, overloading, assignment statements, 35, 233 assignments, type conversion and, associative containers basics of, 502, 561 map containers. See map containers multimap containers, associativity, operator precedence and, 66 at() function accessing string characters and, 420 containers and, 566 vectors and, 512 attached properties (XAML), 864 attributes defined (XAML), 859 device contexts and, 687 auto keyword, 69 70, 142, 233, 857 automatic storage duration, 78 automatic variables, average() function template, lambda expressions and, 593 B back() function queue containers and, 546 vectors and, 513 back_insert_iterator<t>, base classes access control and, basics of, constructors in, 450 derived classes and, 443, , 453 destructors and, 479, 481, 482 direct and indirect, 443 levels of, MFC, pointers to, basic_string<t> class template, 179, 414 begin() member function, containers and, 506, 507, 566 bidirectional iterators, 496 binary operations, defined, 56, 502 binding, early and late, 467 bitwise operators basics of, bitwise AND (&),

4 bitwise operators cards bitwise operators (continued) bitwise exclusive OR (^), bitwise NOT (~), 74 bitwise OR ( ), shift operators, block scope, automatic variables and, 78 body of functions, 191, 193 Boolean variables, 46 borders (windows), 603 Box.h files basics of, 401 class definitions and, 403, 411 creating, 401 operator*() and operator/() functions and, 407 BoxSurface() function, 312 brushes, 613, , 857 buddy controls, 785, 786 buffer arrays, 258 building projects, defined, 22 buttons. See also toolbar buttons adding transitions to, button-tapped events, 858 editing, game control buttons, adding, C c_str() function, converting strings objects with, 423 C++ 11 standard, initializing arrays and, 142 C++ program structure, #include directive, automatically generated console programs, comments and, console program structure, declarations, using, main() function, 34 namespaces, Simple Program (example), statement blocks, 37 whitespace, 37 C++ programming basics, 1 24 C++ language, 3 desktop applications, 2 5 dockable toolbars, 9 10 IDE basics, 5 8 options, setting, product documentation, 10 projects. See projects and solutions toolbar options, 8 9 Windows applications, creating and executing, Windows programming and, 3 writing applications, 2 C++ standard library headers, 93 namespaces and, 90, 338 C++/CX basics of, 853 event handler functions, 858 namespaces, ref class object members, accessing, 857 ref class references, casting, 858 ref class types, variables of, 857 WinRT class types, defining, calculating, arithmetic operations. See arithmetic operations assignment statements, 55 Comma Operator (example), 64 enclosing rectangles for, 717 increment and decrement operators, remainders, 61 sequence of, variables, modifying, calculator program. See functions, creating program using calling conventions, 609 capture clauses, lambda expressions and, CArchive class, serialization and, Card class, defining, Cardback_Tapped() member of MainPage, , 892 cards. See game cards 908

5 case circles case keywords and, 40 variable names and, 39 case values and case labels Sharing a Case (example), switch statements and, casting, 66 69, 858 casts, explicit type conversion and, catch blocks, , 245 catch keyword, 240, 242, 245 catching exceptions, CBottle class, CBox class. See also classes, using adding member function to (example), CBox objects, creating with Visual C++ 11, 305 Constructor, Adding to (example), constructors and, 306, , defined, 289 defining, 288, derived classes and, 444, nested classes and, operator overloading and, , virtual functions and, CBox class, Multifile Project Using (example) constructor, adding, data members, adding, 403 defining, function members, adding, global functions, adding, output, project creation, using, CCan class, Volume() function and, 476 CCandyBox class access control and, constructors and, 453, derived classes and, 444, protected class members and, CCircle class, , 830 CClientDC class, 691 CContainer class defining CBox class as subclass of, nested classes and, cctype header, functions provided by, CCurve class, , 830 CDC class basics of color drawing, brushes and, circles, for drawing, 691 drawing in color. See MFC drawing in color graphics, displaying, pens, using, cdecl modifier, 609 CElement base class, CGlassBox class inheritance and, , 479 nested classes and, virtual keyword and, char array, 143 char variables, declaring, 44 char* const pointer to characters, 163 char* pointers, 155 character arrays, strings and, character data types, Character Map utility, 45 character strings vs. null-terminated strings, 414 string and wstring classes and, 414 CheckMenuItem() member (CMenu class), child elements (XAML), 859 child windows, 603, 614 circles CCircle class, CCircle constructor, 782 design of game cards and, 876 drawing, , , ,

6 class constructors client coordinates class constructors Adding Constructor to CBox class (example), basics of, default, default parameter values, initialization lists as, 305 making explicit, class context menu (MFC), 640 class destructors basics of, 334 default destructors, dynamic memory allocation and, class keyword, 252, 288, 291 class templates, basics of, defined, 179 defining, for function objects, 388 with multiple parameters, objects, creating from, for sequence containers, template member functions, class types, casting between, 463 Class View tab MFC, Windows programming, 12 Class Wizard, , , 806 classes arrays of objects, basics of, , , class constructors. See class constructors class derivation, preventing, class terminology, 290 const objects, data members, accessing, 292 declaring objects of, defining, 289, 291, , 852 deriving from base classes, dialog classes, creating, element classes, defining, in examples, 477 First Use of Classes (example), friend classes. See friends to handle menu messages, 670 implementing, serialization and, , 823 inheritance in. See inheritance inline functions, macros that add serialization to, 821 member function definitions, member functions of, MFC basic classes, MFC document template classes, nested, operations on, Pointers to Classes (example), pointers to objects, private members of. See private class members references to class objects, 325, serializing element classes, Sketcher program, static members, vs. structs, 291 vs. structures, 288 this pointer, unions in, 345 viewing (MFC), windows vs. C++ classes, 613 classes, using, analyzing objects, class interfaces basics, combining objects, comparisons of objects, packaging objects, 393 valid objects and, cleanup after printing, 841 clear() function, 538, 567 client area (windows), 604, 615, , , client coordinates basics of, 744, dealing with,

7 CLine class const keyword CLine class drawing and, serialization and, 829 clip rectangles, 846 CMainFrame class, CMessage class assignment overloading and, 355 copy constructor, 340 destructor, named objects as lvalues and, object copying and, 367 CMultiDocTemplate class (MFC), 638, 640 CMyApp class (MFC), 639 CMyDoc class (MFC), 639 CMyView class (MFC), 639 CMyWnd class (MFC), 639 CObject-based classes, serialization and, code for chapters, 1 object code, compiler and, 6 program code, organizing, source code, example of modifying, collocation, colons (: :) namespaces and, 33 scope resolution operator, 82 84, 86 color of brushes, 698, 857 classes to handle Color menu messages and, 670 Color menu message handlers, implementing, Color menus, 668, color type, defining, drawing in color. See MFC drawing in color highlighting keywords and, 30, 40 initializing color type members, 675 language elements and, 17 of lines, menu message handlers and, of pens, 715, store color, adding members to, styling windows and, 613 toolbar buttons and, 679, 680 Comma Operator (example), 64 command lines, output to, command messages classes to handle menu messages, defined, 661 menu message handlers, implementing, processing, 664 command update handlers, comments, common controls, 771 comparators, Compare() function, 316, , 328 comparison operators comparing strings and, expressions and, overloading, compiler, 6 compiling, Simple Program example and, 31 Component Object Model (COM), WinRT objects and, compound statements, 37 concatenating strings, conditional operators, for comparing numeric values, console applications basics of, 4 Empty Console Project, Creating (example), files created by building, 15 vs. Windows programs, 4 console programs automatically generated, structure. See C++ program structure const char* pointer, 163 const function (), const keyword arithmetic operations and, 58 member functions and,

8 const modifier Creating a Project for a Win32 Console Application (example) const modifier, const qualifier, 329 const variable types vs. literals, 58 const_cast<>(), const_pointer_cast, 500 constant expressions, arithmetic operations and, 58 constant time, 513 constants hexadecimal constants, 45 pointers to, windows displaying and, 610 windows styling and, constructors. See also class constructors; copy constructors adding, base classes vs. derived classes and, 453 CCircle, , 782 CLine, 715 Crectangle, 718, 782 CText, 807 default, 378 default parameters and, in derived classes, inheritance and, 443 MainPage, 883 containers basics of, container adapters, 495 range of, 502 sequence containers. See sequence containers context menus associating with view class, basics of implementing, Color menu and, elements under cursors and, 754 items, checking, continue statements, executing within loops, control variables, 787 controls adding to dialog boxes, basics of, control elements (XAML), 865 control menu (windows), defined, control notification messages, 661 dialog controls, supporting, edit box controls. See CText class; edit box controls game controls, adding, spin button controls. See spin button controls tab sequence, conversion, type, 59 cooperative multitasking, copy() algorithm, 580, 582 copy constructors basics of, in derived classes, implementing, , rvalue reference parameters, applying, copying. See also copy constructors buffer arrays, 258 null-terminated strings, 181 objects. See object copying _countof() macro, 143, 160 cout. See std::cout CPoint class, 831.cpp extension, 22.cpp files basics of, 22, 401, 403, console program files and, 411 global functions and, 408, 409.h files and, 408 CPrintInfo class, Create() function status bar panes and, 799 windows class and, CreateElement() function, , CreatePen() function, , 715, 716, CreateWindow() function, Creating a Project for a Win32 Console Application (example),

9 Creating an Empty Console Project (example) declaring Creating an Empty Console Project (example), CRectangle class, , 830 CS_HREDRAW, 612 CScaleDialog class, CSingleDocTemplate class (MFC), 638 CSketcherDoc class initializing color and element type members and, 675 members, adding (color and element mode and), menu message handlers and, CSketcherView class, 689 CStack class, CString class, cstring header basics of, functions and, functions of. See null-terminated strings C-style strings, 143 CText class constructor, 807 objects, drawing, objects, moving, serialization and, 831 text elements, creating, CTextEditorApp class, CTextEditorDoc class, CTextEditorView class, 652, 653 curly braces ({ }). See { } (curly braces) current position, 691 curves CCurve class, constructor, modifying, drawing, 702, 733 CWinApp class, CWnd class, message handling and, 663 D dangling pointers, 172 data data elements, 135 data exchanges, dialogs and, print data, storing, putting into struct members, 279 data() function, string contents and, 423 data members accessing, 292 adding, 403, CPrintInfo class, defined, 288, 290 static, data types basics of, 42 Boolean variables, 46 character, classes and structs, 288, 290 defining, structs in C++. See structs defining synonyms for, floating-point numbers, 47 fundamental, 42, integer type modifiers, integer variables, Windows, debugging Debug versions, 31 MFC applications and, 653 programs, 15 decimal fractional values, 126 declarations in header files, 34 incomplete class declaration, 353, using, 33 variable, 41 42, 80 DECLARE_DYNCREATE() macro, 817, 820 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() macro, 649 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() macro, DECLARE_SERIAL() macro, 820, 821 declaring arrays, arrays of pointers, arrays of pointers to functions, lvalue references, namespaces, objects of classes,

10 declaring dialogs declaring (continued) pointers, , protected class members, variables, 41 decltype operator, decoding Windows messages, decrement operators arithmetic operations and, overloading, decrementing pointers, 164 default capture clauses, 589 default class destructors, default class members, default constructors arrays of objects and, constructors and, 378 default copy constructors vs. assignment operators, CMessage class, 340 private class members, defining Card class, class templates, classes, 289, 291, 443 game cards, 875 projects, 10 structs, variables, definition of class template member functions, 381 of classes, serialization and, of member functions, of variables, 41 DefWindowProc() function, 605 delegates (Windows 8 apps), 852, 858 delete operator class destructors and, 334 cleaning free store with, dynamic memory allocation and, DeleteElement() function, 742 deleting arrays, 172 elements, , 742, 758 exceptions, 245 deque<t> container template, dereference operator, 152 * (asterisks), 152 de-referencing pointers, 152 derived classes access control and, base classes and, 443, , 453 constructor operation in, copy constructors in, defined, 443 inherited members of, pointers to functions, preventing, Using (example), Design pane (Solution Explorer), 851, desktop applications basics of, 2 programming, 3 vs. Windows 8 apps, 850 destructors default, for derived class objects, 456 dynamic memory allocation and, in example classes, inheritance and, 443 virtual, device contexts defined, 624 document printing and, GDI and, 716 preparing for printing, working with, 687 device coordinates, , dialog data validation, 789 Dialog Editor toolbar, 773 dialogs basics of, 770 closing, data exchanges and,

11 direct base classes dynamic_pointer_cast dialog classes, adding, dialog classes, creating, dialog controls, supporting, dialog data exchange, 789 dialog data validation, 789 dialog resources, creating, displaying, elements in views, creating, exercising, initializing, modal and modeless, 774 pen, programming for, testing, 773 direct base classes, 443 direct member selection operator, 292 directives, 32 DirectX, defined, 602 DispatchMessage() call, 618, 619 display context, 624 DisplayMessage() function, 342 dockable toolbars (IDE), 9 10 document class (MFC), document interfaces (MFC), 636 document templates (MFC), documentation (C++), 10 documents. See also serialization adding pen widths to, basics of, 636 linking to views, printing. See printing size, setting, 793 DoDataExchange() virtual function, DoModal() function, 774, 776, 779 double-ended queue containers sequence containers, vs. vectors, 530 do-while loops, downloading code for chapters, 1 Draw() function CCircle class, 721 CCurve class, CElement base class, 729 CLine class, 716 for CText object, 809 highlighting elements and, 754, text elements, defining and, 806 drawing client area and, 615, in color. See MFC drawing in color CText objects, DrawText() function, MFC drawing. See MFC drawing in practice, redrawing windows, using mouse for. See mouse, using for drawing; mouse programming for drawing; WM_MOUSEMOVE message handler drawing in windows, circles, client area and, curves, 702 drawing mode, setting, GDI and, graphics, introduced, 685 lines, 700 mouse message handlers and, rectangles, Dynamic Link Library (DLL), MFC library and, 643 dynamic linkage, 468 dynamic memory allocation allocating space in the heap, 170 for arrays, class destructors and, copy constructors and, 342 delete operator and, of multidimensional arrays, new operator and, dynamic_cast operator, 483 dynamic_cast<>(), dynamic_pointer_cast,

12 early binding Event Handler Wizard E early binding, 467 easing functions, 902 edit box controls basics of, CText class. See CText class dialog classes, creating, resources, creating, text elements, defining, 806 Text menu item, adding, editing menu resources, toolbar button properties, editor, 6 Editor window, 8 Element pop-up menu properties, elements adding pen widths to, adding to forward_lists, array, 136 child elements of cardgrid, classes to handle menu messages and, 670 CreateElement() function, creating in views, data, 135 element classes, defining, language elements, color and, 2, list, mouse message handlers and, serializing classes, text elements, creating, text elements, defining, 806 vector elements, accessing, vector elements, sorting, visibility of, 867 elements (XAML) basics of, control, 865 layout, parent and child, 865 UI, elements for sketching dropping, masked, moving and deleting, 748, elements under cursors, identifying basics of, context menus and, 754 deleting, 758 dropping, 764 elements moving themselves, highlighting and, moving, views, updating, 761 ElementType defining, initializing, 675 ellipsis (...), in function definitions, 214 Ellipse() function, drawing circles with, , 722 else keyword, indentation and, 104 emplace() and emplace_back() functions, emplace() function template, 564 empty() function, containers and, 508, 546, 550, 555, 567 encapsulation, 288, 290 end() member function, containers and, 506, 507, 566 endl. See std::endl EntranceThemeTransition element, 896 enum keyword, declaring variables and, 86 enumerations defined, 85 old, type-safe, enumerators, 85 erase() function containers and, lists and, 538 map containers and, 574 vectors and, 515 errors, dealing with, escape sequences, 16, Euclid s method, 597 Event Handler Wizard,

13 event handlers examples, listed event handlers adding, functions (C++/CX), 858 event handling card back events, game control button events, shape events, for UI elements (XAML), event-driven programs defined, 4 Windows programs as, 605 events defined (Windows), 4 in Windows applications, 605 examples, listed. See also functions, creating program using Abstract Classes, Addition Operator, Exercising, Arithmetic, Exercising Basic, Array Names as Pointers, Arrays, Passing, Arrays, Using, , Arrays of Class Objects, Arrays of Pointers, Automatic Variables, Calling Wrong Destructor, Catching Exceptions Thrown by new Operator, CGlassBox, Fixing, Class Template, Using, Classes, Using, CMessage Class, Using, Comma Operator, 64 Complete Overloading of Comparison Operators, const, Passing, Constructors, Calling, Copy Constructors Derived Classes, Counting Characters Revisited, Counting Instances of Class Types, Creeping Inefficiencies, Default Values for Constructor Arguments, Supplying, Derived Classes, Using, Destructor, Simple, Efficient Object Copy Operations, Empty Console Project, Creating, Enumerations, Using, Escape Sequences, Using, Explicit Use of this, Free Store, Using, friend, Using to Calculate Surface Area, Function Arguments, Omitting, Function Pointers, Passing, Function Templates, Using, Functions, Using, Inheritance, More Than One Level of, Inherited Functions, Using, Input Stream Iterators, Using, lambda expressions, Using, Lists, Working with, Lucky Stars with Pointers, Manipulators, Using, Map Containers, Using, Minimal MFC Application, Multidimensional Arrays, Passing, Multiple Strings, Storing, Nested Classes, Using, Nested try Blocks, Object Copy Operations, Tracing, Objects in Vectors, Storing, Operator Overloading, Output to the Command Line, 51 Overloaded Functions, Using, Overloading Assignment Operators, Pass-by-Pointer, Pass-by-Reference, Passing-by-Value,

14 examples, listed ExtTextOut () function examples, listed. See also functions, creating program using (continued) Perfect Forwarding, Pointer Notation When Passing Arrays, Pointers, Using, Pointers in Vectors, Storing, Pointers to Base and Derived Classes, Pointers to Classes, Pointers to Functions, Predicate for Filtering Lists, Private Data Members, Private Members of Base Classes, Accessing, Program, Simple, Project for a Win32 Console Application, Creating, Protected Members, Using, Queue Containers, Using, , Receiving a Variable Number of Arguments, Receiving Command-Line Arguments, Recursion in Lambda Expressions, Recursive Functions, References Returning, References with Virtual Functions, Using, Returning Bad Pointers, rvalue Reference Parameters, Using, Scope Resolution Operator, sizeof Operator, Using, Sorting Words from Text, Stack Containers, Using, Static Variables, Using in Functions, Strings, Comparing, Strings, Creating and Joining, structs, Using, Throwing and Catching Exceptions, Vector Size and Capacity, Exploring, Windows API Program, Simple, exceptions basics of, catching, , defined, 171 handling of in MFC, memory allocation errors and, Nested try Blocks (example), rethrowing, 244 throwing, exe files, linker and, 6 executable modules, creating (MFC), 653 executing continue statements within loops, for loops, MFC applications, programs, 16 projects and solutions, 16 Exercising Basic Arithmetic (example), explicit type conversion, 60, expr() function, expressions comparison operators and, decltype operator and, evaluating, explicit type conversion and, 68 lvalues and rvalues and, old-style casts and, 69 types of, 70 extended if statements, extending calculator program, menus for elements and colors, extensible Markup Language (XML), 859, 863 extract() function, substrings and, ExtTextOut() function,

15 FALSE value, numeric type variables and function templates F FALSE value, numeric type variables and, 46 file scope, files application files (MemoryTest project), created by building console applications, 15 object files, defined, 6 viewing project files (MFC), 647 fill() algorithm, 584 filtering lists (example), final modifier, find() algorithm, 585 find() function map containers and, 574 searching strings and, find_first_not_of() function, 436 find_first_of() and find_last_of() member functions, find_first_of() function, 436 FindElement() function, 753 floating-point numbers, 47 floating-point value loop counters, 126 folders, project folders basics, 10 font (MemoryTest project), for loops concatenating strings and, 419 executing, Indefinite for Loop (example), for Loop, Using (example), for loop statement, in Pointer Notation When Passing Arrays (example), 204 Multiple Counters, Using (example), range-based, 129, 142 variations, vs. while loops, 126 formatting output, forward declarations, operator overloading and, forward iterators, 496 forward_list container template, , frame windows (MFC) defined, 629, 637 frame window class, frames, adding status bars to. See status bars, adding to frames free store basics of, 170 Free Store, Using (example), friends friend classes, 464 friend functions of classes, members as, front() function lists and, 544 queue containers and, 546 vectors and, 513 front_insert_iterator<t>, function adapters, 502 function call operator, overloading, function members adding, , defined, 290 preventing overriding of, function objects defined, 365 in STL, , templates for, 388 function overloading basics of, overload selection, 250 Overloaded Functions, Using (example), reason to use, 251 function templates basics of, 194 class templates and,

16 functional header GetCursorPos () function functional header, 583, 584 functional notation defined, wchar_t variables and, 45 functions. See also library functions for strings; virtual functions advantages of, 191 in algorithm header, 584 alternative syntax, 194 basics of, 34, in C++ programs, 26 CCmdUI class, 677 defined, 26 easing functions, 902 event handler functions (C++/CX), 858 function body, 191, 193 function headers, function prototypes, function templates, globals, 30 initializing function parameters, list functions, , in MainPage (MemoryTest project), 880, 882 member function definitions, member functions of classes, for preparing to print, 839 recursive function calls, return statements, returning pointers from, returning references from, returning values from, static variables in, template member functions, Using Functions (example), functions, creating program using, basics of, blanks from strings, eliminating, 260 calculator, implementing, completing, expressions, evaluating, extending, numbers, analyzing, running, 273 substrings, extracting, values of terms, functions, passing arguments to, See also pointers arguments to main() function, arrays, passing to functions, basics of, 198 const modifier, copying and, 366 pass-by-value mechanism, Receiving Command-Line Arguments (example), references as arguments to functions, rvalue reference parameters, UpdateAllViews() function and, variable numbers of function arguments and, functors, 365, 501 fundamental data types, 42, G game cards back of, creating, 877 basics of creating, , Card class, defining, circles for design of, 876 defining, 875 event handler, adding, grid to contain, creating, 874 highlighting, shuffling, 889 triangles for design of, 876 GameOver() function, GCD (greatest common divisor), 596 GDI (Graphical Device Interface) drawing in windows and, GDI objects, 716 GetClientRect() function, 624 GetCursorPos() function,

17 GetDocument () function HorizontalAlignment property (MemoryTest project) GetDocument() function CSketcherView, 690 MFC Application Wizard, GetEnclosingRect() function, 713 getline() function comparing strings and, 427 in Sorting Words from Text (example), 435 string input and, 144 template, 415, 419 GetMessage() function, global functions, adding, global namespace scope, global scope, global variables basics of, 30, risk with, 222 globals defined, 30 variables, 30, 80 84, 222 goto statements, unconditional branching and, 115 Graphical Device Interface (GDI) drawing in windows and, objects, 716 graphical user interface (GUI) defined, 3 programming desktop applications and, 3 graphics. See also drawing displaying, greatest common divisor (GCD), 596 Grid element cards, creating and, , 878 cards, defining and, 875 game controls and, game operations and, 879 layout controls and, 865 scaling elements and, titles, creating and, grids (MemoryTest project) child elements of cardgrid, to contain game cards, creating, 874 creating cards and, 878 event handling and, game controls and, page grid, title and, group boxes in dialogs, 772 GUI (graphical user interface) defined, 3 programming desktop applications and, 3 H.h files basics of, 22, class definitions and, 401 console program files and, 411.cpp files and, 408 data members adding and, 403 global functions and, 408 shortcut for viewing, 662 handlers. See message handlers handles, 609, 857 hatching style of brushes, 698 header files < > (angled brackets) and, 32 basics of, 32 in console programs, 38 declarations in, 34 precompiled, 38 headers, 574 function headers, , 194 STL container adapters, 495 STL container classes, heap basics of, 170 example using, hexadecimal constants, integer variables and, 45 highest common factor (HCF), 596 highlighting elements for, game cards, highlighted elements, drawing, 757 highlights, exercising, 757 hinstance argument, 609 HorizontalAlignment property (MemoryTest project), ,

18 hprevinstance argument input hprevinstance argument, 610 Hungarian notation, 608 I.ico files, 22 icons Class View documentation and, 647 class view tab (MFC), 647.ico files and, 22 toolbar, 10, 604, 680 ID_ELEMENT_DELETE, ID_ELEMENT_MOVE, ID_ELEMENT_SENDTOBACK default ID, 766 ID_ELEMENT_TEXT ID, IDE (Integrated Development Environment) basics, 5 8 identifiers, 39 if statements basics of, extended, nested, numeric values and, 104 to test expressions, 240 if-else statements, nested, IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE() macro, , 820 IMPLEMENT_SERIAL() macro, 821 implicit type conversion, 59, inclusive OR operators, increment operators arithmetic operations and, overloading, incrementing pointers, 164 index values, arrays and, 136, 140 indirection operator, 152 indirect base classes, 443 InflateRect() function, 717 inheritance access controls under, access level of class members, base classes, basics of, 443 class friendship and, 464 constructor operation in derived classes, copy constructors in derived classes, derived classes and, 443 deriving classes from base classes, inherited functions, inherited members of derived classes, levels of, protected class members, initialization lists, as class constructors, 305 InitializeComponent() function, 883 InitializeGame() function, initializing arrays, arrays of pointers to functions, 237 card pack, 884 color and element type members, 675 dialog controls, dialogs, function parameters, lvalue references, MainPage object, members of derived class objects, 461 members of unions, 344 memory test game, pointers, pointers to functions, 233 static data members, static variables within functions, 223 string objects, structs, 279 variables and, Windows program windows, 615 InitInstance() function, 630, inline functions, input getline() function, string input and,

19 input stream iterators lambda parameter lists from keyboards, 50, 59 program input, arithmetic operations, 59 input stream iterators basics of, creating, 582 input/output operations escape sequences, input from keyboards, 50 output, formatting, output to command lines, Using Manipulators (example), insert() function elements, adding to lists and, inserting characters in strings with, map containers and, , 574 parameters of, 422 vectors and, insert_after() function, lists and, 545 insert_iterator<t>, inserter iterators, 575, instances Copying Information Between Instances (example), defined, 290 of templates, 378 instantiation defined, 252, 290 templates and, 253, 378, 381 int keyword, 35, 42, 43 integer type modifiers, integer variables, IntelliSense basics of, 6 structs and, turning on and off, 284 interfaces. See also user interfaces (UIs) class interfaces, 308, graphical user interface. See GUI (graphical user interface) Multiple Document Interface (MDI), 636 Single Document Interface (SDI), 636 InvalidateRect(), client area redrawing and, iostream header files, 32, 144 iterators basics of, , 575 input stream iterators, inserter iterators, 575, iterator categories, iterator header, 575 output stream iterators, stream iterators, 575 J joining null-terminated strings, strings, K keyboards arithmetic operations and, 59 input from, 50 keywords basics of in C++, data types and, 42 fundamental types and, 42 highlighting color and, 30 L L prefix, 144 lambda expressions basics of, capture clauses, function objects and, 502 lambda expressions, Using (example), naming, Recursion in Lambda Expressions (example), specific variables, capturing, templates and, 591 lambda introducers, 588 lambda parameter lists,

20 language extensions main ( ) function language extensions (C++), 853 languages (spoken), changing in menus, 665 late binding, 468 length of documents when printing, , of null-terminated strings, 179 rolllength const variable, 58 of strings, 179, 257 libraries basics of, 6 locating library files, 33 Visual C++, 7 library classes for strings. See strings, library classes for library functions for strings. See also nullterminated strings cstring header, linear time, 513 lines calculating enclosing rectangles for, 717 drawing, , 700, , 733 style of, 696 thickness of, 715 LineTo() function, linked lists, 286 linker, 6 linking, Simple Program example and, 31 list containers basics of, list functions, , list<t> template, , 533 Predicate for Filtering Lists (example), Working with Lists (example), listvector() function template, lambda expressions and, literals basics of, vs. const variable types, 58 local scope, automatic variables and, 78 local smart pointers, 500 logical coordinates basics of, , printing and, 842, 843 logical operators basics of, combining with conditional expressions (example), logical variables. See Boolean variables long int, loop_statements basics of, while loops and, 126 loops basics of, 116 continue statements and, do-while loops, floating-point value loop counters, 126 for Loops. See for Loops nested, Using Other Types in Loops (example), while loops, lpcmdline argument, 610 lvalue references declaring and initializing, rvalue references and, 212 lvalues, M m_penwidth, m_ptempelement, macros basics of, 649 CObject-based classes and, 820 function arguments and, serialization and classes and, 821, 827 Magnification Tool editing button, 680 main() function arguments to, basics of, 14, 18, 26, 27, 34, 39 calculator program and, names, 39 vs. WinMain() function,

21 MainPage class menus MainPage class application files and, 867 basics of, 851 data members, adding, defining, function members, adding, functions, 880 object, initializing, make_pair() function, 563 make_shared<t>() function, 499 map containers basics of, Map Containers, Using (example), vs. multimap containers, 574 objects, accessing, objects, storing, other map operations, map<k, T> container, 561 mapping modes MM_LOENGLISH, 687, 747 scalable, setting, masked elements, max() function function overloading and, function templates and, 251, trailing return types and, 256 Max() function, class templates and, 379, MDI applications command message processing and, 664 creating, measurements, UI, member access operator, 279 member functions calling, 296 in CDC class, 691 coding for, 398 defined, 290 overloading, inheritance and, 443 positioning function definitions, public, CPrintInfo object, 836 member selection operator (.), 279 members. See also private class members access level of inherited, access to inherited members, accessibility and, 288 adding to store color and element mode, data members of classes, accessing, 292 default class members, defined, 290 as friends, member function definitions, member functions of classes, protected class members, declaring, static function members of classes, 325 static members of classes, of structs, accessing, of structs, accessing through pointers, template member functions, memory. See also dynamic memory allocation in Arrays of Pointers (example), 158 memory allocation errors, memory leaks, 218 sharing between variables, memory headers, MemoryTest project. See Windows 8 apps, programming (example) menu bars (windows), 604 menus. See also context menus adding, items, adding to element menu, 667 items, adding to menu bars, items, modifying, 667 menu command message handlers, 675 menu message handlers, adding, menu message handlers, implementing, menu message update handlers, adding,

22 menus modifiers menus. See also context menus(continued) menu resources, creating and editing, Text menu item, adding, merge() function (lists), message handlers defined, 659 definitions, menu command message handlers, 675 menu message handlers, adding, menu message handlers, implementing, menu message update handlers, adding, message update handlers, adding, mouse message handlers. See mouse message handlers searching for, 663 update handlers, exercising, 678 message IDs, 616 message loops, 616 message maps (MFC), message pumps, 616 message update handlers, adding, messages. See also Windows messages mouse messages, radio button messages, methods defined, 290 in WinRT programming, 852 MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes), applications, creating, 20 23, basic classes, basics of, 7, 606, 627 building and executing, document interfaces, 636 documents basics, 636 handling of exceptions in, linking documents and views, MDI applications, creating, Minimal MFC Application (example), notation, program structure, 628 SDI applications, creating, See also MFC Application Wizard output views, vs. Windows API, 2, 602 Windows data types and, 606 MFC Application Wizard creating MDI applications with, creating MFC applications with, 20 23, 640 MFC Application Wizard output application class, document class, executable modules, creating, 653 frame window class, program, running, program, workings of, TextEditor project folder, view class, viewing classes, viewing project files, 647 MFC Class Wizard, 800 MFC drawing, CDC class for, 691 circles, in color. See MFC drawing in color graphics, displaying, OnDraw() function, sketch drawing, MFC drawing in color basics of, brushes and, pens, using, MM_ prefix, 687 MM_ANISOTROPIC mapping mode, , 795, 841 MM_ISOTROPIC mapping mode, MM_LOENGLISH mapping mode, 689, 747 MM_TEXT logical coordinates, 796 MM_TEXT mapping mode, modal dialogs, 774, 790 modifiers, const modifier,

23 modifying naming modifying curve constructor, menu items, 669 source code (example), strings, variables, modular structure, functions and, modules, creating executable (MFC), 653 mouse, using for drawing basics of, CCircle class, CCurve class, CElement base class, CLine class, CRectangle class, element classes, defining, redrawing client area, WM_MOUSEMOVE message handler. See WM_MOUSEMOVE message handler mouse message handlers. See also WM_MOUSEMOVE message handler basics of, basics of completing, drawing mode, setting, elements, creating, mouse, capturing, 733 OnMouseMove() handler, WM_LBUTTONUP messages, mouse programming for drawing, basics of, mouse for drawing. See mouse, using for drawing; WM_MOUSEMOVE message handler mouse message handlers. See mouse message handlers mouse messages, Move() function, , 806, move semantics defined, 377 vectors and, 517 MoveRect() function, 283 MoveTo() function, displaying graphics and, , 693 moving CText objects, elements, MSDN library, 610 multidimensional arrays basics of, defined, 146 dynamic memory allocation of, passing to functions, Storing Multiple Strings (example), using pointers, multimap containers basics of, vs. map containers, 574 multipage printing basics, Multiple Document Interface (MDI) applications, creating, defined, 636 multiple top-level document architecture, 636 multiset<t>, 561 multitasking, cooperative, N named objects, as rvalues, namespace keyword, 91 namespaces basics of, C++ standard library and, 93 C++/CX, functions from C runtime library and, 338 using declaration and, WinRT, 852 naming class constructors, 298 destructors, 334 functions, 190, 346 handler functions, 669 lambda expre ssions, namespaces and, 33 pointers, 232 program files,

24 naming OnDraw () function naming (continued) projects, 11 variables, ncmdshow argument, 610 negative powers, support of, nested classes, nested if statements, nested if-else statements, nested loops, new operator Catching Exceptions Thrown by (example), dynamic memory allocation and, , 175 New Project dialog box, 11 nflags, noarg constructors, 300 non-queued messages, 616 normalized rectangles, 717 notation MFC, in Windows programming, null characters, 143 nullptr pointers, 153 null-terminated strings vs. character strings, 414 comparing, copying, 181 finding lengths, 179 joining, searching, number() function, , numbers, analyzing, numeric header, algorithms and, 501, 584 numeric values, comparing, conditional operators, extended if statements, if statements, logical operators, nested if statements, nested if-else statements, operators for, switch statements, O.obj extension, 6 object code, compiler and, 6 object copying, avoiding unnecessary operations, Creeping Inefficiencies (example), problem of, 366 rvalue reference parameters, applying, rvalues, named objects as, object files, 6 object slicing, 492 object-oriented programming (OOP) basics of, 288, defined, 290 inheritance and. See inheritance object-oriented techniques, importance of, 1 objects analyzing, of classes, declaring, combining, comparisons of, creating from class templates, defined, 290 destructors and, 334 map container objects, accessing, object members, accessing (ref class), 857 packaging, 393 pointers to, storing, map containers and, string objects, creating, valid objects (CBox class), WinRT, OnAppAbout() message handler, 660 OnColorBlack() handler function, 675 OnDraw() function basics of,