A CAD Framework for MALIBU: An FPGA with Time-multiplexed Coarse-Grained Elements. David Grant
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1 A CAD Framework for MALIBU: An FPGA with Time-multiplexed Coarse-Grained Elements David Grant Supervisor: Dr. Guy Lemieux FPGA Feb 28, 2011
2 Motivation Growing Industry Trend: Large FPGA Circuits Often from C-to-Hardware or system generators ex. molecular dynamics, rendering, nuclear simulation Word-oriented Millions of gates 2
3 Motivation Problems with FPGAs CAD runtime can take hours or days Fixed capacity A large circuit may not fit Inefficient use of resources Resources sit idle most of the time 3
4 Motivation Benchmark: chem 4
5 Motivation Benchmark: chem Time-Multiplexing Free TM - Slow Available Spatial Parallelism 5
6 Motivation Solution Divide up the circuit and run it on an array of processors Preserve the coarse-grained features of the circuit Create coarse-grained-aware CAD tools 6
7 Time-Multiplexing Time-Multiplexed FPGAs Look-up Table (LUT) config bits inputs from other LUTs 7
8 Time-Multiplexing Time-Multiplexed FPGAs Time-multiplexed LUT Multiplexer is shared config bits time inputs from other LUTs 8
9 Datapath FPGAs Datapath FPGAs Config bit sharing 1.1x density, same performance config bits config bit a[0] a[0] b[0] b[0] a[1] a[1] b[1] b[1] a[3] a[3] b[3] b[3] Routing Mux Datapath Routing Mux 9
10 Time-Multiplexing and Datapath Where we're going Coarse-grained(datapath) time-multiplexed resources ALU is shared 32 inputs from other ALUs time 10
11 Overview Motivation Malibu Architecture Synthesis Results Traditional Island-Style FPGA 11
12 Overview Motivation Malibu Architecture Synthesis Results Malibu Architecture 12
13 Malibu Architecture Traditional FPGA CLB 13
14 Malibu Architecture Add Coarse-Grained inputs and outputs 14
15 Malibu Architecture Add an ALU and register file 15
16 Malibu Architecture Add coarse-grained communication Each CG has a schedule SL instructions Fmax = 1GHz / SL 16
17 Malibu Architecture Circuit Execution Example c b a N W CLB0 N E W CLB1 x E d S CLB0 Time CG EQ N0,W0 -> CGO0 NOP ADD N0,W0 -> E0 S CLB1 FG LUT CG EQ N0,E0 -> CGO0 XOR N0,E0 -> R0 MUX W0,R0,CGI0->E0 FG 17
18 Malibu Architecture Circuit Execution Example c b a N W CLB0 N E W CLB1 x E d S CLB0 Time CG EQ N0,W0 -> CGO0 NOP ADD N0,W0 -> E0 S CLB1 FG LUT CG EQ N0,E0 -> CGO0 XOR N0,E0 -> R0 MUX W0,R0,CGI0->E0 FG 18
19 Malibu Architecture Circuit Execution Example c b a N W CLB0 N E W CLB1 x E d S CLB0 Time CG EQ N0,W0 -> CGO0 NOP ADD N0,W0 -> E0 S CLB1 FG LUT CG EQ N0,E0 -> CGO0 XOR N0,E0 -> R0 MUX W0,R0,CGI0->E0 FG 19
20 Overview Motivation Malibu Architecture Synthesis Results Verilog Bitstream 20
21 Overview Motivation Malibu Architecture Synthesis Results Verilog M-CAD M-HOT Bitstream 21
22 Front-End Synthesis Parse and Elaborate Use Verilator Construct a CDFG Optimize Coarse-Grained Synthesis Map CDFG to Malibu instructions Various CDFG transformations Fine-Grained Synthesis Extract signals Wf Use OdinII and ABC to synthize to LUTs 22
23 Back-End Synthesis M-CAD Traditional FPGA-CAD flow Separate Placement, Routing, Scheduling M-HOT Integrated placement, routing, scheduling Divides problem into levels, place+route each level Both Approaches Can target any-sized architecture Can trade area for performance Fast 23
24 Synthesis Example assign assign assign assign c1 = (a == b)? 1'b1 : 1'b0; c2 = (c == d)? 1'b1 : 1'b0; t2 = c ^ d; x = (c1 & c2)? t1 : t2; clk) begin t1 <= a + b; end 24
25 Synthesis CDFG and ALAP output of Front-End Synthesis Level
26 Synthesis M-HOT Place, Route, Schedule each height CLB0 CLB1 5: EQ - 6: EQ - 5: EQ 8: LUT - 6: EQ 7: XOR - 5: EQ 8: AND 4: ADD 6: EQ 7: XOR 9: MUX 26
27 Overview Motivation Malibu Architecture Synthesis Results 27
28 Results Frequency (MHz) for each benchmark 28
29 Results Frequency (MHz) for each benchmark Coarse-grained circuits 29
30 Results Area vs. Performance tradeoff 30
31 Results Results (compared to Quartus II / Stratix III) M-HOT M-CAD Synthesis Time Improvement: 30.9x 77.0x User Clock Speed: 0.12x 0.07x Density: 1.48x 0.67x 10x = 10 times better than the Quartus result 1x = same as Quartus 0.1x = 1/10th the Quartus result (10 times worse) 31
32 Future Work Improve Front-End Synthesis Needs to be both coarse-grain and fine-grain aware Coarse-grained optimizations Improve M-CAD and M-HOT Possibly 2x-3x performance improvement 32
33 Thanks Purpose Implement a circuit on a coarse-grained/fine-grained architecture Malibu Architecture FPGA with time-multiplexed coarse-grained resources Can trade density for performance Synthesis (M-CAD and M-HOT) Fast, up to 250x faster than QuartusII Fmax results within 1/10th of an FPGA 33
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