OPTera LH *A * Repeater Network Application Guide. What s inside... NTY311AX. Optical Networks Products

Transcription

1 NTY311AX Optical Networks Products OPTera LH Repeater Network Application Guide Standard Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3 March 2000 What s inside... Introduction Network features OAM&P features Engineering rules Technical specifications Ordering information Engineering documentation Technical support and information *A *

2 Copyright 2000 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein is the property of Nortel Networks and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder shall keep all information contained herein confidential, shall disclose it only to its employees with a need to know, and shall protect it, in whole or in part, from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the sam e degree of care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but with no less than reasonable care. Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein. *Nortel Networks, the Nortel Networks logo, the Globemark, How the World Shares Ideas, S/DMS TransportNode, OPTera, OPTera LH, Preside, and Unified Networks are trademarks of Nortel Networks. UNIX is a trademark of X/Open Company, Ltd. VT100 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. Printed in Canada and in the United Kingdom

3 iii Publication history 0 March 2000 This release is the first Standard version of this guide. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

4 iv Publication history OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

5 v Contents 0 About this document xi Introduction 1-1 Document overview 1-1 Chapter overview 1-1 Building the optical Internet: an overview of OPTera Long Haul (LH) 1-1 An overview of the optical network systems 1-3 Market evolution towards high-capacity transport networks 1-3 Key enabling technologies for optical network solutions 1-5 Nortel Networks ITU-T compliant wavelength grid 1-6 OPTera LH service requirements for leading-edge applications 1-7 Local and Express Traffic Routing 1-8 Wavelength leasing 1-8 Premium quality IP service offerings 1-10 Key benefits offered by the OPTera LH platform 1-12 Maximum fiber utilization and return on invested capital 1-12 Lowest cost per bit transport 1-12 Service flexibility 1-13 Scalability 1-13 Protection of prior investment 1-13 Multi-vendor product integration 1-13 Mid-Stage Access (MSA) 1-13 Manageability 1-13 Revenue growth 1-14 High-quality service 1-14 Survivability 1-14 Service differentiation 1-14 The OPTera LH network application guide family 1-14 OPTera LH Repeater network element (NE) general feature set 1-15 Open interfaces 1-16 Transparency of services 1-16 Full SONET/SDH regeneration 1-16 Multi-wavelength optical repeater (MOR) Plus support 1-16 Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing (OADM) 1-17 Capacity 1-17 Summary of features offered with OPTera LH releases 1-17 Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

6 vi Contents Network features 2-1 Chapter overview 2-1 Network overview 2-1 Open optical interface 2-3 Service transparency 2-4 Terminology 2-4 Topology and general concepts 2-5 Wavelength Translator application 2-8 Dense regenerator application 2-13 Single-circuit pack 10Gb/s SONET/SDH regeneration 2-13 MOR Plus amplifier support 2-14 OPTera LH platform 2-14 OPTera LH Repeater 2-16 Equipment density and capacity 2-17 Amplifier capacity 2-17 Globalization 2-18 OAM&P features 3-1 Chapter overview 3-1 Autoprovisioning 3-1 Orderwire 3-2 Performance monitoring 3-4 OPC support 3-5 OPC software features 3-5 Span of control engineering guidelines 3-6 INM support 3-6 INM software features K NE ID M SC 3-7 Routing fundamentals 3-8 Level 1 routing concepts 3-8 Level 2 routing concepts 3-11 CLUI, WUI, and OPC UI 3-17 External communications (DCC, OSC) 3-20 Product upgrade paths 3-21 Network management 3-21 B1 byte provisioning functionality 3-22 Alarms 3-24 Engineering rules 4-1 Frame equipment 4-1 Power 4-4 Breaker/filter modules 4-4 Fiber management trays 4-9 Fiber guides 4-10 Circuit packs G WT and 10G WT open optical interfaces 4-16 OC-192/STM-64 XR single regenerator interface 4-16 Filler circuit packs (or filler cards) 4-16 Mandatory control shelf circuit packs 4-17 OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

7 Contents vii Breaker/filter module 4-17 Shelf Controller (SC) 4-17 Maintenance Interface (MI) 4-17 Message Exchange (MX) 4-17 Optional control shelf circuit packs 4-17 OPC controller (POPC-C) 4-18 OPC storage (POPC-S) 4-18 OPC interface (POPC-I) 4-18 Message exchange (protection) 4-18 Parallel Telemetry (PT) 4-18 Orderwire (OW) 4-18 OPC definition 4-19 Maximum number of NEs in a span of control 4-19 Communication between the Partitioned-OPC and other NEs through optical fiber 4-20 Communication between the Partitioned-OPC (POPC) and independent networks over the Ethernet DCC bridge 4-21 Location of the Partitioned-OPC (POPC) in a network 4-22 One span of control: OPTera LH system rules 4-22 Multiple spans of control: OPTera LH system rules 4-22 Second extension shelf equipping rules 4-23 Circuit pack equipping rules 4-23 G-naming and pairing boundaries 4-23 Power Optimizer interworking 4-28 Deployment examples 4-29 Typical bay configurations 4-33 Examples of system configurations using OPTera LH bays as repeaters wavelength open interface using 4 OPTera LH bays with 10G WT as a wavelength translator wavelength regenerator configuration using 4 OPTera LH bays with 10G XR as a regenerator wavelength bidirectional configuration using 3 OPTera LH bays over a single fiber-optic link carrying unprotected traffic wavelength bidirectional configuration using 3 OPTera LH bays over two fiber-optic links carrying protected traffic 4-47 Limitations 4-56 Network reconfiguration 4-56 INM 4-56 External communications 4-57 Wavelength overlay deployment 4-57 Globalization phase OPC support 4-58 Orderwire (OW) 4-58 Interworking baseline 4-58 Technical specifications 5-1 Safety specifications 5-2 Site engineering 5-2 Maximum cable length (Ethernet and STS-48) 5-6 Mechanical specifications 5-6 Environmental specifications 5-8 Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

8 viii Contents Operational ambient temperature 5-8 Non-operational ambient temperature (shipping/storage) 5-8 Relative humidity 5-9 Altitude 5-9 Atmospheric dust 5-9 Mechanical shock and vibration 5-9 Power requirements 5-10 Power distribution 5-10 Power installation requirements 5-11 Grounding and isolation 5-11 Circuit pack power estimates 5-12 Electromagnetic compatibility 5-12 Emissions 5-12 Susceptibility/Immunity 5-13 Electrostatic discharge and electrical fast transient 5-14 Parallel telemetry output relay rated capacity 5-14 Optical interface specifications 5-14 Circuit pack specifications 5-15 MOR Plus amplifier circuit pack 5-15 MOR Plus/1625 nm OSC circuit pack G WT circuit pack for 2.5 Gb/s open optical interfaces 5-16 OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit pack (transponder/regenerator) G WT circuit pack for 10 Gb/s open optical interfaces 5-16 DWDM couplers 5-16 Dispersion Compensation Modules (DCM) 5-17 Ordering information 6-1 Hardware baseline 6-1 Bay assembly 6-2 Bay equipment 6-3 Frame accessories 6-4 Standard fiber management hardware 6-5 DWDM shelf assembly 6-8 Eight-wavelength DWDM couplers (200 GHz) 6-9 Eight-wavelength DWDM couplers (100 GHz) wavelength DWDM coupler upgrades (200 GHz) wavelength DWDM coupler upgrades for TrueWave TM classic fiber (200 GHz) wavelength DWDM coupler upgrades (100 GHz) and 32-wavelength DWDM coupler upgrades (100 GHz) 6-9 DSF per-band access (PBA) DWDM couplers (200 GHz) 6-9 Per-band access (PBA) DWDM couplers (200 GHz) 6-10 Dual splitter per-band access (PBA) DWDM couplers 6-10 Fixed 2-wavelength optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) DWDM couplers 6-10 DCM assemblies 6-10 Miscellaneous items 6-10 OPTera LH transport interfaces 6-11 Multi-wavelength optical repeater (MOR) Plus and Optical Service Channel (OSC) circuit packs 6-20 Optical connector adapter kit 6-21 Common equipment circuit packs 6-22 Common equipment building blocks 6-23 OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

9 Common equipment building blocks 6-23 Filler circuit packs 6-24 Optical cables 6-24 User interface cables 6-27 Ethernet cables 6-28 OPC cables 6-28 Parallel telemetry cables 6-29 Orderwire cables 6-29 Miscellaneous cables 6-30 Software loads 6-30 Software licenses 6-31 Software building blocks 6-32 OPTera LH maintenance interface and software load 6-32 OPTera LH operations controller and software load building block 6-33 OPTera LH software load on tape 6-34 OPTera LH storage module and software load 6-35 OPTera LH flash cartridge with software load 6-36 Contents ix Engineering documentation 7-1 Nortel Networks Technical Publication (NTP) packages 7-1 Network Manager documentation 7-2 Preside documentation 7-2 Change Application Procedures (CAPs) 7-2 Application guides and additional documentation 7-3 Technical support and information 8-1 For problems that affect service 8-1 For problems that do not affect service 8-1 Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

10 x Contents OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

11 About this document xi This document contains network application planning information for the OPTera Long Haul (LH) Release 1.2 and 1.5 Repeater. Audience References This document has been written for the following members of the operating company with basic knowledge of fiber optics fundamentals: strategic and current planners provisioners transmission standards engineers network administrators Note: See the OLA family of planning guides (100 GHz, 200 GHz, MOR Plus, and OADM) included in the References section in this chapter for details on the following subjects: link budget considerations optical layer applications (OLA) a description of optical networks a description of commercially available optical fiber types an overview of fiber optic fundamentals This document includes the following references: OPTera LH Release 1.2, 1.5 and 2 NTP Library (NTCA65EA) OPTera LH Combiner Network Application Guide (NTY312AX) 100 GHz, MOR Plus, 2 to 32-λ Optical Layer Applications Guide (NTY312DX) 200 GHz, MOR/MOR Plus, 2 to 16-λ Optical Layer Applications Guide (NTY311DX) Optical Add/Drop Applications Guide (NTY313DX) S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 Release 7 NTP Library (NTCA65AG) Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

12 xii About this document S/DMS TransportNode OC-192 Release 7 Planning Guide (PG OC 99-17) SDH Transmission TN-64X Documentation Suite, Release 2 (NTCE64AB) Integrated Network Management (INM) Broadband, Release 5.0 ( XXX and XXX) Preside Documentation ( XXX) OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

13 1-1 Introduction 1- Document overview This document includes the following chapters: Chapter 1, Introduction Chapter 2, Network features Chapter 3, OAM&P features Chapter 4, Engineering rules Chapter 5, Technical specifications Chapter 6, Ordering information Chapter 7, Engineering documentation Chapter 8, Technical support and information Chapter overview This chapter includes the following sections: Building the optical Internet: an overview of OPTera Long Haul (LH) on page 1-1 An overview of the optical network systems on page 1-3 OPTera LH service requirements for leading-edge applications on page 1-7 Key benefits offered by the OPTera LH platform on page 1-12 The OPTera LH network application guide family on page 1-14 OPTera LH Repeater network element (NE) general feature set on page 1-15 Summary of features offered with OPTera LH releases on page 1-17 Building the optical Internet: an overview of OPTera Long Haul (LH) The Internet is introducing a social discontinuity as profound as that caused by the printing press or electricity, changing the way people communicate, educate, entertain and conduct business. To realize its full potential, however, the Internet requires significant improvements in reliability, speed and Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

14 1-2 Introduction flexibility. For this reason Nortel Networks is creating the Optical Internet, a vision of massive bandwidth that is totally reliable, completely flexible and extremely affordable. These attributes are key to the Optical Internet and based on real-life experiences obtained by delivering over 75% of the optical connectivity for today s Internet backbone traffic. Nortel Networks is utilizing this experience to create the end-to-end network foundation built upon the massive bandwidth and optical economics of the OPTera family of solutions. The OPTera family includes: OPTera Metro, which delivers unprecedented capacity and service transparency to the edge of the network to enable truly forecast-tolerant networking OPTera LH, which builds upon Nortel Networks long-haul DWDM leadership to provide open, managed terabit networks in the backbone OPTera Connect DX, which provides scalable connection management solutions including network-aware provisioning and restoration capabilities OPTera Packet Solution, which provides intelligent interworking between OPTera Connect DX and the OPTera Packet Core switch/router to deliver dynamic bandwidth management and coordinated fault recovery through a unified network solution The following introduction describes how the OPTera LH building blocks can be used in conjunction with end-to-end Integrated Network Management (INM) to create the Optical Internet backbone. Massive bandwidth The OPTera LH provides not only industry-leading system capacity but also scalable architectures that align infrastructure deployment with service revenue. For instance, today s OPTera LH deployment can provide an initial capacity from 2.5 Gb/s to 320 Gb/s and then scaled beyond 1 Tb/s for each fiber to align revenues, expenditures and protect capital investment. Totally reliable Building on the success of the S/DMS TransportNode OC-192/TN-64X, which accounts for greater than 90% of the survivable 10-Gb/s systems in the world, Nortel Networks is also creating optical layer protection and restoration methods for increasingly fast data connections. OPTera LH Wavelength Translators (Release 1.2 and 1.5) deliver point-to-point connectivity for services at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s. The OPTera LH Wavelength Combiner (Release 2) provides a multi-service aggregation capability at 10 Gb/s. OPTera OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

15 Introduction 1-3 LH Release 1.2, 1.5, and 2 also augment service evolution to optical switching. Optical protection switching and restoration will be part of future releases of the OPTera LH product portfolio. Completely flexible The modular design approach of the OPTera LH platform ensures maximum flexibility in the face of ever-changing service requirements. A complete portfolio of on ramps is available with OPTera LH to provide the appropriate level of service granularity (up to 10 Gb/s) and protection (from best effort to mission-critical data). The modular and scalable OPTera 1600G optical amplifiers, deployable on the OPTera LH platform, will allow cost-effective deployment of a single channel system to be grown to 160 wavelengths providing 1.6 Tb/s of capacity on each fiber. Finally, because geographic traffic patterns can change over time, wavelengths can be accessed through optical ADMs that provide access at intermediate offices throughout the network. Extremely affordable Nortel Networks long-haul leadership is built upon the simple tenet of delivering the lowest cost for each managed bit. The OPTera LH portfolio continues this tradition with innovations such as the Wavelength Combiner that provides open channel access to the DWDM layer while providing network-level efficiencies through aggregation of multiple bit streams onto a single 10-Gb/s wavelength. An overview of the optical network systems The following sections provide an overview of optical networks systems including: Market evolution towards high-capacity transport networks on page 1-3 Key enabling technologies for optical network solutions on page 1-5 Nortel Networks ITU-T compliant wavelength grid on page 1-6 OPTera LH service requirements for leading-edge applications on page 1-7 Note: For details on the Nortel Networks DWDM bidirectional architecture solution, see S/DMS TransportNode 200 GHz, MOR/MOR Plus, 2- to 16-wavelength Optical Layer Applications Guide, NTY311DX, AO and 100 GHz, MOR/MOR Plus, 2- to 32-wavelength Optical Layer Applications Guide, NTY312DX, A Market evolution towards high-capacity transport networks Increasing traffic levels and market demand for new broadband services (for example, Internet, digital video) require transmission capacities beyond what can be achieved by past fiber transmission systems. To avoid the need for costly new fiber plant, network planners are turning to optical solutions, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), to increase the traffic-carrying Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

16 1-4 Introduction capacity of their existing fiber plant. By multiplexing several wavelengths onto a single fiber, you can increase the capacity of existing and new fiber plants in an efficient and cost-effective way. Optical amplifier technology has overcome fiber attenuation inherent to long distance transport networks and replaced traditional electrical regenerators. These technology advancements led to the construction of high-capacity optical pipes and allow traffic of a maximum of 320-Gb/s aggregate capacity for each fiber using Nortel Networks multi-wavelength optical repeater (MOR) Plus supported by OPTera LH. Note: Aggregate capacity is defined as the sum of the optical channel capacity for both directions of a communications link. An 8-wavelength, bidirectional system multiplexing 10 Gb/s DWDM channels has 4 wavelengths (λ) in the RED band and 4 wavelengths in the BLUE band, for an aggregate capacity of = 80 Gb/s. Together with other optical network components and features such as optical service channels (OSC), analog monitoring of optical signals, λ add/drop and dispersion compensation techniques, the traditional physical layer has evolved into an optical layer that now forms the backbone of any modern transport network. Since Nortel Networks has entered the optical amplifier market, the company has been at the forefront of developing new optical products and applications to support the emerging optical layer. Nortel Networks s approach is driven by a view of a transport network where the data and optical layers are seamlessly integrated to create a single managed network for both integrated and open platform architectures. Nortel Networks optical applications portfolio provides solutions for high-capacity networks using DWDM coupler and transmitter technology coupled with multi-wavelength optical amplifiers. Currently, a maximum of 32 wavelengths at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s are available, with additional wavelengths being planned. This offering makes transport capacities of a maximum of 320 Gb/s for each fiber (bidirectional) possible. Nortel Networks has also led optical layer management features such as analog maintenance, power optimizer, and built-in reflection monitoring tool to ensure the effective deployment and maintenance of the optical layer. Integrated network management (INM) of the data and optical layers further provide efficiencies in the operation, maintenance, and trouble shooting of a Nortel Networks high-capacity solution. For operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) features, additional out-of-band optical signals are reserved to provide one or more optical service channels (OSC). The channels provide remote access to optical amplifier sites. The OSC signals are coupled onto the fiber with traffic-carrying channels but are detected and processed at the MOR/MOR Plus line amplifier sites. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

17 Introduction 1-5 Nortel Networks provides both an integrated product solution for SONET, SDH and optical layer applications and an open platform where signals from a variety of sources and protocols can be multiplexed in the DWDM backbone system. Components used in these systems can include the following: S/DMS TransportNode OC-48 and OC-192 hardware Wavelength Translators for open architecture MOR Plus amplifiers DWDM couplers dispersion compensating modules (DCMs) Nortel Networks supplies all these components. Deploying a DWDM system entirely with Nortel Networks components gives the advantage of an end-to-end system performance guarantee for any optical layer application. Although high-level specifications are provided for Nortel Networks components such as DWDM couplers or DCMs, it is not recommended to use these guidelines for purchasing equivalent equipment from other vendors. Nortel Networks ensures compliance to strict specification requirements at all levels of its manufacturing process (including subcontractors). The result is a fully compliant component that ensures a minimum baseline for end-of-life (EOL) performance. Key enabling technologies for optical network solutions A generic optical layer solution contains a number of key technology components that set it apart from a traditional SONET/SDH network. For optical layer applications with a spacing of 100 GHz between the optical channels, Nortel Networks provides the following: DWDM transmitters and wavelength translators with tightly controlled wavelengths Nortel Networks offers DWDM transmitters at both 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s line rates for a maximum of 32 wavelengths on the MOR Plus amplifier. The Wavelength Translator (WT) supports service transparency over a SONET/SDH line configuration within a DWDM optical grid. In OPTera LH, both 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s line rates are supported. MOR Plus amplifiers MOR Plus amplifiers, which are an evolution of the MOR amplifier, can amplify a maximum of 32 optical channels. The MOR Plus amplifier is the baseline amplifier for 100 GHz-32λ applications, and provides a mid-stage access (MSA) functionality where components such as dispersion compensating modules (DCMs) or optical add/drop (OADM) couplers can be inserted, improving deployment flexibility. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

18 1-6 Introduction The losses associated with these couplers do not limit the optical reach of the link. It is possible to have the following: more than one sandwich site for each optical link with no impact on link budgets increased dynamic range at the preamplifier (Pre) site a per-band access (PBA) architecture that improves the reach on NZ-DSF and DSF fiber types. DWDM couplers DWDM couplers multiplex and demultiplex optical channels into and out of a single fiber. These couplers consist of passive filters that are packaged as stand-alone optical components, with one port for each DWDM channel and a common port that connects to the fiber plant. Monitoring taps, variable optical attenuators for received power adjustment, and expansion ports for upgrades can also be included. Optical add/drop couplers Optical add/drop couplers selectively add and drop DWDM channels at a site, while passing through other channels in the optical link. Such configurations allow for improved connectivity and flexibility in offering services such as wavelength leasing. Dispersion compensation modules (DCM) DCMs are used to counter chromatic dispersion in long-haul transmission systems. DCMs contain dispersion compensating fiber that applies a predefined level of dispersion to reconstruct (compress) the optical pulses. Optical pulses must be reconstructed after they have broadened over a given length of standard fiber, and, in some cases, dispersion-shifted fiber. Nortel Networks ITU-T compliant wavelength grid The International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications (ITU-T) standard (ITU-T Rec. B.15 Nomenclature of frequency and wavelength bands used in Telecommunications standard) defines the spectrum for frequencies and frequency bands for input signals to a DWDM system. Currently up to 16 wavelengths selected from the ITU-T wavelength grid are provided with the OPTera LH Release 1.2 Repeater system. Release 1.5 provides up to 32 wavelengths also selected from the ITU-T wavelength grid. Figure 1-1, Nortel Networks, ITU-T grid on page 1-7 shows the ITU-T 100 GHz wavelength grid. The ITU-T standard dictates that the minimum spacing between wavelengths within a band is 100 GHz. The MOR Plus amplifier and DWDM systems use the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) spectrum that extends from 1526 nanometers (nm) to nm. Currently a maximum of 32 wavelengths selected from the ITU-T wavelength grid are provided. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

19 Introduction 1-7 To simplify network planning of a bidirectional DWDM architecture, Nortel Networks wavelength plan is divided into a RED band ( to nm) and a BLUE band ( to nm). One RED and one BLUE wavelength make up a bidirectional data channel. To ensure optimal use of the MOR Plus gain spectrum, the OSC wavelength is allocated outside the 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s channel wavelength plan grid. OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 supports the OSC wavelengths at 1510 nm and 1625 nm (if required for single fiber applications). Figure 1-1 Nortel Networks, ITU-T grid Channel F4714-MOR_R80.eps MOR RED BAND nm OSC 1510 OSC Wavelength (nm) Channel MOR BLUE BAND nm OSC 1510 OSC Wavelength (nm) OPTera LH service requirements for leading-edge applications Nortel Networks OPTera LH solutions offer cost-effective integration of a wide variety of SONET, SDH, IP, and ATM services onto a single multi-vendor/multi-technology fiber backbone capable of an aggregate capacity of up to 1.6-Tb/s. This section highlights important value-added benefits provided by OPTera LH solutions when addressing the evolving needs of 21st century networks. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

20 1-8 Introduction These leading-edge applications fall into three key areas: Local and Express Traffic Routing Wavelength leasing Premium quality IP service offerings See Figure 1-2, IP and ATM point-to-point/wavelength leasing service on page Local and Express Traffic Routing High-capacity DWDM routes maximize the return on investments made in fiber plant by allowing many wavelengths to share a single fiber. While this advantage helps carriers realize greater revenue at lower cost of ownership, wavelengths must be efficiently managed to prevent the introduction of new types of cost and complexity. For example, a carefully designed DWDM route should be able to efficiently distribute traffic among its intermediate locations and transport traffic from end to end. If carriers attempt to multiplex/demultiplex large numbers of wavelengths at intermediate sites, costs and complexity can quickly get out of control. OPTera LH offers all the right optical networking building blocks for cost-effective distribution of traffic along a DWDM route (see Figure 1-3, Optical layer traffic routing using OPTera LH on page 1-12). Through traffic is efficiently aggregated for express transport to the far end using Wavelength Combiners. Wavelengths carrying add/drop local traffic can be placed on the DWDM backbone using wavelength translators. Both building blocks feature open optical interfaces for compatibility with many different SONET, SDH, IP, and ATM services. Wavelengths for local traffic at intermediate sites are added/dropped using passive OADM coupler modules that allow cost-effective transparent pass through of the remaining wavelengths carrying express traffic. The OADM couplers interconnect through the MOR Plus/OPTera 1600G mid-stage access feature. OADM couplers do not materially affect either optical link budgets or the number of fiber spans supported. The OPTera LH platform s OADM building block provides a high degree of application flexibility in handling both symmetrical and asymmetrical traffic patterns along a DWDM route. Wavelength leasing The tremendous growth of Internet-based services has created a huge demand for high bandwidth interconnections in backbone networks. This demand is driven in large part by new service providers who may not wish to build their own facilities but still seek scalable solutions to accommodate their rapid growth. As a result, there is a tremendous market opportunity for the wholesaling of bandwidth and wavelengths. Nortel Networks OPTera LH OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

21 Introduction 1-9 offers an ideal wavelength leasing capability through its unique ability to offer managed, scaled service rates and near error-free transmission quality. These attributes create both service differentiation and larger addressable markets. The key is the unmatched flexibility of OPTera LH that provides open channel access through a choice of the following: Wavelength Translator (Release 1.2 and Release 1.5) Wavelength Combiner (Release 2), or Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) (all releases) These choices and the OPTera LH management toolset permits end-user control of leased facilities with no compromise in network management by the service provider. OPTera LH Wavelength Translator and Combiner offers leased wavelength services from 2.5 Gb/s to 10 Gb/s, with future capacities from 622 Mb/s: the most comprehensive service range available. Moreover, these wavelengths can be combined with wavelengths carrying protected services in a mix-and-match manner over a single-line infrastructure, simplifying the network design dramatically by eliminating any need for pre-planning based on anticipated service mix. This forecast-tolerant design even extends to geographic flexibility. The OADM enables individual wavelengths to be routed based upon end-user demands as they arise, not by any pre-planned network topology. Fundamental to wavelength leasing is the ability to offer transparent access across the service provider domain, providing a seamless logical network to the end user. The Nortel Networks solution offers much more than this baseline functionality. Nortel Networks also provides a definable logical network view to the end-user through Integrated Network Management (INM). Using INM and the full suite of optical management tools resident upon the OPTera LH, the service provider can provide open channel access at guaranteed, measurable, and reportable performance levels. In addition to the innovative OPTera LH optical toolset that permits per-wavelength power and signal monitoring and control, Nortel Networks provides the ability to selectively determine the treatment of overhead bytes as they cross the system. A key benefit of this flexibility is realized with wavelength leasing by allowing the service provider to pass overhead bytes through the network untouched. The wavelength translator feature maintains transparency, while still monitoring overhead byte status to quickly identify troubles with the network. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

22 1-10 Introduction Premium quality IP service offerings As the service mix transported by fiber optic networks becomes increasingly data centric, carriers must explore new solutions to optimize their networks for IP-based services. The OPTera LH platform offers two important advantages toward this end in that: It allows IP data traffic to be placed directly on fiber backbones without costly and unnecessary SONET/SDH multiplexing. It provides major service quality features that can transform traditional data transport applications to full carrier-grade service offerings. The increased native data traffic in turn creates demand for superior network reliability and performance. The Nortel Networks OPTera portfolio offers a suite of solutions to meet these customer requirements. OPTera LH is designed to accommodate all the functions of the optical layer in an open architecture platform, providing end-to-end data networking over the whole line at various tributary rates without compromising the reliability and performance of mission-critical data and voice transport services. With the OPTera LH Wavelength Translators, Nortel Networks extends the capacity advantages and fiber savings of DWDM technology to open environments consisting of a variety of network elements from multiple equipment vendors. The Wavelength Translators support inputs from IP/ATM or SONET/SDH equipment and convert them into ITU-compliant DWDM wavelengths to enable transmission through the optical network. Nortel Networks OPTera LH is the future of high-capacity, long-haul transport. With industry-leading capacity service flexibility, OPTera LH offers future-proof solutions for the global high-capacity transport challenges of the 21st century. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

23 Introduction 1-11 Figure 1-2 IP and ATM point-to-point/wavelength leasing service OTP0130.eps ATM ATM and OPTera LH Combiner OPTera LH Repeater OPTera LH Combiner and IP over SONET/SDH and 4:1 λ Combiner XR 10G Regenerator 4:1 λ Combiner IP over SONET/SDH and Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet and λ-combiner provides multi-service capability for 10 Gbps λ and SONET/SDH terminals λ-translator delivers point-to-point connectivity for 1 service for 2.5G/10Gb λ λ-combiner and λ-translator augment service evolution to optical rings or or ATM ATM or or OPTera LH Repeater OPTera LH Repeater OPTera LH Repeater IP over SONET/SDH or λ On Ramp λ λ Off Ramp IP over SONET/SDH or Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

24 1-12 Introduction Figure 1-3 Optical layer traffic routing using OPTera LH OTP0222.eps Express Traffic OPTera LH Wavelength Translators or Combiners DWDM coupler 10 Gb/s MOR Plus or OPTera 1600G line amplifier configuration Up to 1.6 Tb/s aggregate backbone capacity 10 Gb/s OPTera LH Wavelength Translators or Combiners Express Traffic Local Traffic 2.5/ 10 Gb/s Mid-stage Access OADM Couplers DWDM coupler 2.5/ 10 Gb/s Local Traffic OPTera LH Wavelength Translators or Combiners OPTera LH Wavelength Translators or Combiners OPTera LH Wavelength Translators or Combiners Local Traffic Key benefits offered by the OPTera LH platform Nortel Networks OPTera LH platform offers many competitive advantages to carriers as shown in the following benefits list. Maximum fiber utilization and return on invested capital OPTera LH can provide aggregate span capacities of up to 1.6 Tb/s for the absolute maximum return on capital invested in fiber plant. In many cases, carriers can avoid or defer the large capital outlays and long lead times associated with new fiber deployment. Lowest cost per bit transport OPTera LH offers an all optical, high-density transport platform (up to 15 bidirectional 10-Gb/s channels for each 7-foot bay using single-circuit pack regenerators or planned single-circuit pack Wavelength Translators), enabling the lowest possible costs for each transported bit without unnecessary OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

25 Introduction 1-13 SONET/SDH multiplexing. This arrangement allows carriers to realize substantial savings in capital equipment costs, operational costs, and footprint requirements. Service flexibility OPTera LH is equally adept at handling circuit-based services (such as voice), IP packet data, and cell-based ATM traffic. As a global transport platform, OPTera LH concurrently supports both SONET and SDH traffic in the service mix. Carriers are always ready to meet any service requirement, even when actual demand differs substantially from earlier forecasts. Service expansion granularity can be as low as 622 Mb/s with future OPTera LH releases. Scalability OPTera LH backbones easily scale up to 1.6-Tb/s bandwidth, ample capacity to meet the needs of even the largest networks for years to come. A modular architecture keeps today costs in line with current capacity requirements. Protection of prior investment OPTera LH is designed to aggregate existing 2.5-Gb/s and 10-Gb/s backbones into a unified DWDM configuration so prior investment in legacy systems is protected. Multi-vendor product integration Open optical interfaces allow easy integration with a varied portfolio of legacy systems, including SONET, SDH, IP, and ATM network elements from Nortel Networks and other vendors. Mid-Stage Access (MSA) MOR Plus and OPTera 1600G optical line amplifier configurations support mid-stage access that enables insertion of in-line optical components without impacting optical link budgets for advanced optical networking applications such as distributed dispersion compensation, wavelength add/drop, and optical cross connection. Manageability Nortel Networks proven Integrated Network Management (INM) solution supports the OPTera LH platform, S/DMS TransportNode, and many other transport and access products. INM permits seamless network management from end to end. OPTera LH also offers many built-in optical layer maintenance tools that enable non-intrusive (in-service) optical power measurement, analysis, control, and optimization without the need of expensive external test equipment. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

26 1-14 Introduction Revenue growth With easy expendability and powerful optical layer tools for fast service turn-up, OPTera LH helps carriers maximize revenue growth from new service offerings. High-quality service Built-in forward error correction (FEC) on SONET/SDH regenerators (soon to be offered on Wavelength Translators) permits virtually error-free transmission (guaranteed BER) that can handle even the most demanding service quality objectives. Service quality is further enhanced by numerous proactive optical layer performance monitoring functions that reveal problems before service is affected. Advanced optical layer maintenance tools also help carriers deliver a very high level of service quality and robustness. Survivability In conjunction with its future optical protection ring architecture, OPTera LH offers full-time, always on availability on a per-channel basis. Service differentiation Carriers can exploit OPTera LH service quality, survivability, and optical layer management features to gain a competitive edge through differentiated service offerings. The OPTera LH network application guide family The family of application guides consists of a set of documents that describe various aspects involved in the planning and engineering of the OPTera LH network applications. OPTera LH Repeater Network Application Guide This guide describes the OPTera LH Releases 1.2 and 1.5 feature set. It includes the following subjects: OC-192/STM-64 single card regenerator (XR) circuit pack supporting full 10-Gb/s SONET/SDH regeneration (Release 1.5) 2.5G WT circuit pack supporting 2.5 Gb/s Wavelength Translator (WT) (Release 1.2 and 1.5) 10G WT circuit pack supporting 10 Gb/s Wavelength Translator (WT) (Release 1.5) MOR Plus enhancements (Release 1.2 and 1.5) Support for 32 wavelengths (Release 1.5) Orderwire (OW) over OSC (Release 1.2 and 1.5) OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

27 Introduction 1-15 Level 2 routing (Release 1.5) Command line user interface/web-based user interface (CLUI/WUI) enhancements OPTera LH Combiner Network Application Guide This guide describes the OPTera LH Release 2 feature set. The guide includes the following subjects: 4:1 Wavelength Combiner with OC-48/STM-16 T/R tributary interface OC-192/STM-64 T/R circuit pack Timing Distribution circuit pack (TDC) and Synchronization Command line user interface/web-based user interface (CLUI/WUI) enhancements OPTera 1600G Amplifier Network Application Guide This guide describes the OPTera LH Release 3.0 feature set. OPTera 1600G is a new amplifier supported on the OPTera LH platform that allows service providers to scale their network up to an impressive 1.6 Terabits per second for each fiber. The guide includes the following subjects: OPTera 1600G Circuit packs description OPTera 1600G Modularity Optical OAM&P Optical Service Channel Amplifier provisioning and monitoring tools OPTera LH Repeater network element (NE) general feature set Nortel Networks presents OPTera LH Release 1.2 and 1.5 Wavelength Translator application, a repeater-type NE that is housed on a global optical transport platform. The OPTera LH Repeater is a feature-rich transport platform for next-generation IP-optimized data communications. The OPTera LH Repeater providing open optical interfaces with very high capacity, scalability, bandwidth management, network management, reliability, and flexibility. OPTera LH offers a number of features: Open interfaces Transparency of services Full SONET/SDH regeneration Multi-wavelength optical repeater (MOR) Plus support Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

28 1-16 Introduction Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing (OADM) Capacity Open interfaces OPTera LH wavelength translators offer open optical interfaces enabling multiple services (IP, ATM, SONET/SDH) and multi-vendor traffic to be carried transparently across the network. Wavelength Translators at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s accept non-nortel Networks wavelengths and integrate them into a DWDM network. The Wavelength Translator also provides enhanced operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) of these wavelengths. These open optical interfaces are provided using the following: the 2.5G WT circuit pack for 2.5 Gb/s applications, and the 10G WT circuit pack for 10 Gb/s applications. These two circuit packs fully support concatenated OC-48c and OC-192c signals. Transparency of services OPTera LH Wavelength Translators offer a transparent regeneration of all incoming signals for optimum performance over a DWDM backbone. This regeneration is a thin SONET/SDH operation that retimes, reshapes, and regenerates signals without processing the entire SONET/SDH overhead. Full SONET/SDH regeneration OPTera LH Repeater supports the OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit pack providing a full SONET/SDH regeneration of all incoming signals at 10 Gb/s. An OPTera LH Repeater filled with OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit packs becomes an extra dense regenerator platform. Multi-wavelength optical repeater (MOR) Plus support The Nortel Networks Multi-Wavelength Optical Repeater (MOR) Plus provides extended reach DWDM solutions on 2.5/10-Gb/s backbone routes that transport up to 32 wavelengths (320-Gb/s aggregate span capacity). Using erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) technology, the MOR Plus boosts the level of the optical signal in each direction without costly electrical/optical conversions. Extensively proven in real-world applications, MOR Plus optically amplified systems were the very first to achieve 32-wavelength operation. The MOR Plus can be configured as follows: as a bidirectional optical Pre/Post amplifier (single plug-in) when collocated with service-terminating or regenerator network elements, or as a bidirectional optical line amplifier (two back-to-back plug-ins) at intermediate sites along a backbone route. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

29 Introduction 1-17 Multiple optical amplifier building blocks can be cascaded on a route as required to achieve the required reach. MOR Plus DWDM solutions are engineered for robust operation over the wide variety of optical fiber types currently deployed in today s networks. Optical Add-Drop Multiplexing (OADM) Nortel Networks OPTera LH offers an OADM feature that enables the adding or dropping of local traffic without terminating the express optical channels. The local signal can then be fed to a Nortel Networks DWDM or SONET/SDH system or to another vendor s equipment through the open optical interface modules. The OPTera LH has been designed to provide loss-free insertion of the OADM that allows the network to grow seamlessly in response to traffic growth and traffic pattern changes. This feature offers the following benefits: unmatched flexibility in the design of forecast-tolerant networks improved service velocity, and no need for costly network reconfiguration Capacity OPTera LH Releases 1.2 and 1.5 provide generation of up to 8 x 2.5 Gb/s or 8 x 10 Gb/s bidirectional channels on each fiber, on a single Repeater bay. Overall system capacity can be upgraded using a future extension shelf, future single card Wavelength Translators or with the installation of additional OPTera LH bays. Summary of features offered with OPTera LH releases The OPTera LH Repeater is a platform evolution of all 2.5-Gb/s and 10-Gb/s networks. It introduces the next generation optical building blocks and provides a dense footprint of existing synchronous optical network (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment. This new Nortel Networks product addresses the market requirement for transparent services. For network engineering rules, see Engineering rules on page 4-1. For ordering information, see Ordering information on page 6-1. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

30 1-18 Introduction A summary of the features offered with the various OPTera LH releases (1.2, 1.5, and 2) follows in Table 1-1. The features indicated in Table 1-1 are assumed to be backwards compatible unless otherwise indicated. Note: If the subsequent release feature set is similar to the existing software release feature set, then all previous releases are still supported with the same baseline. No additional features have been added. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

31 Introduction 1-19 Table 1-1 Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features Network configurations OC-48/STM-16 Repeater network element OC-48/STM-16 Repeater network element OC192/STM-64 Combiner network element OC-192/STM-64 Repeater network element MOR Plus Pre/Post and line amplifier site for up to 16 wavelengths OC-192/STM-64 dense regenerator MOR Plus Pre/Post and line amplifier site for up to 32 wavelengths interworking with OC-192 Release 7.0 and TN-64X Release 2.0 MOR Plus Pre/Post and line amplifier site for up to 32 wavelengths interworking with OC-192 Release 7.0 and TN-64X Release 2.0 interworking with OC-48/STM-16, IP, and ATM subtending equipment interworking with OC-48/STM-16, OC-192/STM-64, IP, and ATM subtending equipment Tributary configurations Not applicable Not applicable OC-48/STM-16 short-reach tributaries OC-48c tributaries New hardware OPTera LH global platform frame 2.5G WT circuit pack partitioned OPC (POPC), 128 M maintenance interface (MI), 32 M shelf controller (SC) 10G WT circuit pack OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit pack OC-192/STM-64 T/R circuit pack timing distribution card (TDC) fiber management tray (FMT) continued Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

32 1-20 Introduction Table 1-1 (continued) Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features Synchronization through timing through timing BITS timing external timing synchronization (ESI) 2 ESI circuit packs and 2 TDCs required to supply timing TDC supplies 39 GHz timing to 10 Gb/s circuit packs new timing reference protection group accepts reference timing from up to 5 sources timing deviation detection 6 timing distribution members available Performance monitoring same PMs and logs as existing OC-192/STM-64 Rx and regenerator Tx same PMs and logs as existing OC-192/STM-64 Rx and regenerator Tx line and section PMs introduced on new OC-192/STM-64 T/R circuit pack only section PMs are used only section PMs are used no Rx power monitoring on the 2.5G WT Rx power monitoring on 10G WT and OC-192/STM-64 XR continued OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

33 Introduction 1-21 Table 1-1 (continued) Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features Data communication SONET/SDH DCC bytes are not processed on 2.5G WT (DCC must be achieved over OSC) SONET/SDH DCC bytes are not processed on the 2.5G WT and 10G WT (DCC must be achieved over OSC) section DCC processed on OC-192/STM-64 XR line and section SONET/SDH DCC processed on OC-192/STM-64 T/R transparent line DCC on OC-48/STM-16 tributaries (except channel C of 4:1 wavelength combiner) transparent line DCC on all tributaries in a future release transparent section DCC on all OC-48/STM-16 tributaries Parallel telemetry parallel telemetry (64 inputs and 16 outputs) same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 System security Password aging, new default user, login/logout logs and improper login same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 Nodal interface based on OC-192 Release 6.0/TN-64X Release 2.0 CLUI and OC-192 Release 6.0 web UI (WUI) based on OC-192 Release 7.0/TN-64X Release 2.0 CLUI and OC-192 Release 7.0 WUI based on OC-192 Release 7.0/TN-64X Release 2.0 CLUI and OC-192 Release 7.0 WUI WUI not supported on SDH WUI not supported on SDH WUI not supported on SDH new NE type: Repeater new NE type: Combiner new optical facility menu globalization support in CLUI continued Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

34 1-22 Introduction Table 1-1 (continued) Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features Alarming alarms for new hardware (2.5G WT) all alarms for existing hardware are supported alarms for new hardware (2.5G WT, 10G WT, OC-192/STM-64 XR) alarms for new hardware (OC-192/STM-64 DWDM T/R, TDC) Year 2000 compliance compliant same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 NE tools NE-type Repeater created upon bay commissioning 64K NE ID NE-type Combiner created upon bay commissioning provide SONET/SDH selection with COMNE command delete extension shelf command edit shelf position command OPC tools Dead System Recovery No OPC configuration and connection managers no OPC protection manager TL1 interface for remote OAM management only applies to SONET Level 2 routing support same as Release 1.5 SLAT/upgrades no reconfiguration of existing OC-192/TN-64X bays upgrade from Release 1.2 to 1.5 supported span of control (SOC) upgrade from 1.5 to 2 supported commissioning performed through commissioning MI only Multi-Catalog Support IS addition of second extension shelf supported continued OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

35 Introduction 1-23 Table 1-1 (continued) Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features DWDM/Amplifier support Amplifier support MOR Plus only same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 WDM/DWDM wavelengths 16 wavelengths DWDM WT circuit packs available 32 wavelengths DWDM WT circuit packs and XR circuit packs available 32 wavelengths DWDM OC-192/STM-64 T/R circuit packs available 16-wavelength support for all enhanced MOR Plus feature 32-wavelength support for all enhanced MOR Plus feature 32-wavelength support for all enhanced MOR Plus feature WDM/DWDM Tx provisioning output provisioning (power and wavelength) for 2.5G WT circuit pack no receiver power monitoring on 2.5G WT new provisioning mismatch alarms output provisioning (power, chirp, and wavelength) and receiver power monitoring for 10G WT, and OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit packs new provisioning mismatch alarms output provisioning (power, chirp, and wavelength) and receiver power monitoring for OC-192/STM-64 DWDM T/R circuit pack new provisioning mismatch alarms Optical Service Channel (OSC) Orderwire over OSC unidirectional OSC at 1510 nm and 1625 nm new OSC pairing rules orderwire PSTN not supported with SDH selection mode same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 Amplifier provisioning fiber type provisioning changes power optimizer enhancements power optimizer enhancements power optimizer enhancements (local locking, channel autodiscovery, autopropagation) Integrated Network Management (INM) INM support INM INM continued Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

36 1-24 Introduction Table 1-1 (continued) Summary of OPTera LH features OPTera LH Release 1.2 Release 1.5 Release 2 Network Level Features Preside Application Platform Preside support - - Preside 7.0 TL1 support Miscellaneous improvements TL1 supported only when NE is in SONET selection same as Release 1.2 same as Release 1.5 S/DMS TransportNode supported releases S/DMS TransportNode OC-48 Releases 14.02, and same as Release 1.2 Release 14.02, and end OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

37 2-1 Network features 2- Chapter overview This chapter includes the following sections: Network overview on page 2-1 Open optical interface on page 2-3 Service transparency on page 2-4 Dense regenerator application on page 2-13 OPTera LH platform on page 2-14 Globalization on page 2-18 Network overview OPTera LH offers new options to service providers looking for long-haul solutions that enable data services in the most cost-effective way while maintaining the quality of service associated with more traditional backbone topologies. The open optical interfaces on OPTera LH not only provide service flexibility, but they can also play a key role in the delivery of cost-effective services. By allowing the transport of IP, ATM, SONET/SDH, and other signal types, service providers benefit from maximum bandwidth efficiency on their network by maximizing the potential capacity of every wavelength. In this way, OPTera LH reduces operational complexity and increases transport savings. See Figure 2-1, OPTera LH service interfaces on page 2-2. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

38 2-2 Network features Figure 2-1 OPTera LH service interfaces OTP0117.eps INM λ - Translator λ - Combiner λ - Translator λ - Combiner OC-192/ TN-64X OPTera Connect Optical amplifiers (MOR Plus and 1600G) On-Ramp flexibility Open λ - Translator Open λ - Combiner Integrated SONET/SDH Optics for Nortel OC-48/TN-16 and OC-192/TN-64 OC-192/ TN-64X OPTera Connect OPTera LH supports the open optical transport of 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s services, and enables the concentration of sub-rate services (for example, OC-48, with future offerings at OC-12 and Gigabit Ethernet) onto a 10 Gb/s line rate for maximum bandwidth efficiency. OPTera LH can be managed by the Nortel Networks Integrated Network Management (INM) solution and supports management of the optical layer as a natural extension of the existing management structures and operations. See Network overview on page 2-3. The OPTera LH platform supports high-density applications (up to 300 Gb/s in a single bay) using single card regenerators and Wavelength Translators. It will support OPTera 1600G amplifiers with an aggregate line capacity of up to 1.6 Tb/s and offer optical layer protection of its traffic. OPTera LH also offers many built-in optical layer maintenance tools that enable non-intrusive (in-service) optical power measurement, analysis, control, and optimization without the need of expensive external test equipment. The Nortel Networks OPTera portfolio will change the way service providers create their future data-centric network. Protection management is governed by subtending multi-vendor SONET/SDH equipment. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

39 Network features 2-3 Figure 2-2 Network overview OTP0021.eps Integrated Network Management (INM) IP ATM Line amplifier IP ATM SONET/ SDH SONET/ SDH Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gb/s D-WDM backbone Gigabit Ethernet OPTera Metro OPTera LH OPTera Metro Open optical interface OPTera LH offers 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s open optical interfaces that allow synchronous optical network (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) data traffic access to the optical transport layer. As an open optical interface, the 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s wavelength translators (WT) offer the ability to interface with any 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s non-nortel Networks signal. This ability enables a point-to-point, open transport solution for IP, ATM, and SONET/SDH equipment. OPTera LH open optical interface allows for a wide range of IP, ATM, and wavelength services such as: OC-192, OC-192c, STM64, STM64c OC-48, OC48c, STM16, STM16c ATM and IP point-to-point connectivity, and wavelength leasing applications. The OPTera LH WTs share on-ramp and off-ramp capabilities with overhead (OH) transparency to enable wavelength leasing applications to subtending multi-vendors. The OPTera LH WTs act as a gateway between the optical Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

40 2-4 Network features transport layer of the network and the service interface of the subtending equipment. In the OPTera LH first Wavelength Translator offering, a single circuit pack acts as an on ramp or an off ramp to the transport network layer. Available in 2.5 Gb/s or 10 Gb/s, these WTs address the following applications: non-nortel SONET/SDH signal overlay onto the optical transport layer transparent conversion of non-nortel or non-dwdm signal onto ITU-T grid transparent hand-off of transported DWDM signal to subtending equipment physical layer management. See Figure 2-3, On-ramp and off-ramp capability for a single DWDM WT circuit pack on page 2-4. Figure 2-3 On-ramp and off-ramp capability for a single DWDM WT circuit pack OTP0028.eps Service Service Non-Nortel Networks SONET/SDH Non-Nortel Networks SONET/SDH LR Rx DWDM Tx On Ramp DWDM Tx LR Rx Nortel Networks SONET/SDH Transport Off Ramp Single 2.5G WT or 10G WT Service transparency With the new service applications (such as wavelength leasing and IP/ATM transport over SONET/SDH) requiring transparency from unnecessary SONET/SDH multiplexing or processing, it is important to define terminology to characterize the level of transparency. Terminology Regenerated Complete electrical regeneration of the payload and overhead data. The overhead data is processed according to defined standards (for example, all section overhead is processed at section terminating elements [STE]). OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

41 Network features 2-5 3R operation The reshaping, reamplification, and retiming of the given transmission. Inserted Preset data is inserted into the output stream (for example, all 1 pattern is inserted into the payload upon an AIS condition). Passthrough Passthrough of data with monitoring (for example, section trace byte J0 is passthrough since the system can mismatch on the Rx value). Recalculated Received data is terminated; output of data is either recalculated or compensated based on the received data (for example, section parity B1 is recalculated at STE). Terminated Received data is terminated and no output is either not generated or the output content has no relation to the received data (for example, LOH bytes are terminated at LTE or J0 is terminated when section trace is disabled; that is, J0=1 regardless of the Rx value). Transparent Passthrough of data untouched and without monitoring (for example, payload is transparent). Topology and general concepts The traditional transport network can be analyzed in terms of section, line, and path. Routers, ATM switches, and Gigabit Ethernet servers can connect seamlessly through the OPTera LH network using open optical interfaces. Carrier-to-carrier connectivity or wavelength leasing applications can require the transparency of intermediate section terminating elements (STE). See Figure 2-4, OPTera LH network topology on page 2-6. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

42 2-6 Network features Figure 2-4 OPTera LH network topology OTP0120.eps Subtending network Subtending network ATM ATM LTE STE STE LTE Routers Routers Section Section Section Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Path As shown in Figure 2-4, different carriers can operate different sections of long-haul networks or offer wavelength leasing applications through multiple sections of the end-to-end network. Fundamentally, the network medium is SONET/SDH based and, as such, the network management function is provided by the processing of the first STS-1 overhead of the SONET multiplexed signal. To maintain the basic integrity of the network, framing bytes A1 and A2 are always regenerated. For further details on the transport overhead processing, see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-5 on page 2-8, OPTera LH overhead. Table 2-1 Transport overhead bytes function Overhead bytes Function Notes A1, A2 Framing Must be regenerated at each node (LTE, STE) B1 Section parity Determines if a transmission error has occurred over a section continued OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

43 Network features 2-7 Table 2-1 (continued) Transport overhead bytes function Overhead bytes Function Notes B2 Line parity Determines if a transmission error has occurred over a line C1 (J0) Section trace STS-1 identification: J0 is the first C1 (STS-1 #1) K1/K2 Protection switching Used to signal automatic protection switching (APS) The operator purchases or leases bandwidth or wavelengths from various carriers for various configurations. Carriers monitor performance through: monitoring section parity byte B1 (provisionable and measuring B1 error counts), or more efficiently, through the operator s own line and section generation B1 transparency can be required for wavelength leasing applications. Line parity byte B2 passed through the transport network can indicate a signal degrade (SD) condition and trigger protection switching on the subtending equipment. The operator must consider whether B1 termination or passthrough and B2 transparency is the optimal combination. To effectively manage fiber connections between carriers, section trace is used to detect possible misconnections. As such, the C1 byte of the first STS-1 of the multiplexed SONET/SDH signal, also called J0, can be provisioned at the transmitter site with a simple value or text string and is correctly matched at the receiving end. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

44 2-8 Network features Figure 2-5 OPTera LH overhead OTP0121.eps TRANSPORT OVERHEAD PATH OVERHEAD Section Overhead Framing A1 BIP-8 B1 Framing A2 Orderwire E1 STS-1 ID C1 User F1 Trace J1 BIP-8 B3 Data Com D1 Data Com D2 Data Com D3 Signal Label C2 Pointer H1 Pointer H2 Pointer Action H3 Path Status G1 BIP-8 B2 APS K1 APS K2 User Channel F2 Line Overhead Data Com D4 Data Com D7 Data Com D5 Data Com D8 Data Com D6 Data Com D9 Indicator H4 Growth/DQDB Z3 Data Com D10 Data Com D11 Data Com D12 Growth Z4 Growth Z1 Growth/FEBE Z2 Orderwire E2 Growth Z5 Wavelength Translator application A Wavelength Translator (also known as transponder) is a Repeater that translates one wavelength into another. This capability is useful for mapping legacy wavelengths onto the ITU-T compliant DWDM wavelength grid. Release 1.2 and 1.5 support 3R Wavelength Translators (WT) only. These translators reshape, reamplify, and retime a signal without regenerating the whole SONET/SDH overhead. Because of its minimal monitoring capability, WTs are also called thin SONET/SDH regenerators. The WT does not terminate section or line DCC (D1 through D3 and D4 through D12). A1 and A2 bytes are terminated by the WT to allow for correct framing. The orderwire bytes (E1 and E2) are passed through. The WT does process some section overhead bytes, B1 and C1 among others, to perform system monitoring for the supported applications. Note: To support full DCC-like OAM&P access to all network elements of the optical line, the Optical Service Channel (OSC) must be used. The section parity B1 byte is used to sectionalize faults on the optical network. This byte provides a checksum of the entire STS-1 and is represented by the performance monitoring counts of the network section. The 2.5G WT featured in OPTera LH Release 1.2 offers B1 recalculation. In OPTera LH Release 1.5, OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

45 Network features 2-9 both 2.5G WT and 10G WT support provisionable B1 recalculation or passthrough. Line parity bytes B2 are passed through for the 2.5G and 10G WTs in OPTera LH Release 1.2 and 1.5. To trigger protection switching on the subtending equipment, the WTs will indicate a signal degrade (SD) condition on the optical line by inserting an AIS pattern (all logical 1s) on the SONET/SDH APS bytes K1 and K2. This insertion forces the subtending equipment to switch, even if the SD condition might affect a section transparent to its monitoring. C1 (J0 for the first C1) bytes, used to determine fiber misconnection, are also monitored. The J0 byte cannot be rewritten by a WT, which means that a string of characters cannot be inserted at one WT site and received at another site, the off-ramp site. The insertion of the J0 byte is fixed when its provisioning is set to the inserted setting. OPTera LH Release 1.2 offers C1 interleaving insertion. OPTera LH Release 1.5 offers provisionable C1 interleaving insertion or passthrough. The C1 processing option is determined through B1 processing. If B1 processing is provisioned to recalculated then C1 will be in insertion mode. If B1 processing is set to passthrough then C1 will also be set to passthrough. Some older SONET/SDH systems (for example, legacy OC-48/STM-16 regenerator) use C1 interleaving for framing. If the source, like an IP router, does not provide C1 interleaving, a Wavelength Translator can be used as a converter to provide the C1 interleaving for any downstream OC-48/STM-16 regenerators. Equipment using A1 and A2 for framing instead of C1 interleaving will not be affected when B1 provisioned as recalculate writes into the C1 bytes. Section trace transmitter provisioning on the Wavelength Translator will be offered in a later release. Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 describe the service transparency of the Wavelength Translators in OPTera LH Release 1.2 and 1.5. Table G and 10G Wavelength Translators service transparency Transport overhead bytes Service transparency A1, A2 Regenerated B1 Provisionable: recalculated or passthrough (see Table 2-3) continued Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

46 2-10 Network features Table 2-2 (continued) 2.5G and 10G Wavelength Translators service transparency Transport overhead bytes Service transparency B2 Passthrough C1 (J0) Provisionable: inserted or passthrough (see Table 2-3) K1, K2 Passthrough; insertion of AIS upon signal degrade Table 2-3 Wavelength translator provisioning options Wavelength Translator Application OPTera LH Release B1 processing C1 processing Recalculation Passthrough Insertion Passthrough 2.5G 1.2 default - default default provisionable default provisionable 10G 1.5 default provisionable default provisionable Note: Provisioning of B1/C1 bytes processing is executed through an alias command at the CLUI level. Full CLUI support will be provided in a later release. 2.5G and 10G on-ramp WT At the head-end terminal site, the on-ramp WT accepts a wide range of non-nortel Networks wavelengths, including 1310 nm, and converts them into a narrow band Nortel Networks ITU-T compliant wavelength. This wavelength can then be used in the Nortel Networks DWDM network. Use the 2.5G or 10G on-ramp WT circuit packs for the following applications: to translate a non-standard signal to a standard wavelength from Nortel Networks s ITU-T compliant grid for DWDM purposes to reduce the spectral bandwidth of a signal to a narrow DWDM spread to use Nortel Networks s optical amplifiers since the signal has been converted to a standard wavelength that allows provisioning capabilities such as output power, chirp, and maintenance management of the amplified wavelengths to monitor the signal quality before the signal reaches the far-end WDM coupler. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

47 Network features G and 10G off-ramp WT At the tail-end terminal site, the 2.5G and 10G off-ramp WTs convert a narrow wavelength into another narrow wavelength to prepare the signal to reach the far-end receive equipment. Use the 2.5G and 10G off-ramp WT circuit packs for the following applications: to retranslate the wavelength before it reaches the far-end receive equipment and align the signal to the format and bit rate of the far-end receive equipment to monitor the signal quality before it reaches the subtending equipment 2.5G and 10G thin SONET/SDH Regenerator (Regen) WT At a regenerator site, the 2.5G and 10G WT circuit packs operate in thin SONET/SDH regen mode. The WT circuit packs combine both an on-ramp and an off-ramp function to execute a 3R regeneration of the optical signal. The WT circuit packs at the regenerator site receive a signal wavelength from a DWDM amplified link and send the same wavelength back into the following DWDM amplified link. See Figure 2-6, Wavelength Translator deployment configuration on page In summary, the WT circuit packs provide transparent regeneration for 2.5 Gb/s or 10 Gb/s channels onto an optical transport layer, enabling a total open-interface network solution. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

48 2-12 Network features Figure 2-6 Wavelength Translator deployment configuration OTP0027.eps SITE A SITE B SITE C Non-Nortel wavelength DWDM Tx On-Ramp G4 Rx DWDM Tx Thin-Regen G6 Rx Off-Ramp G4 Rx DWDM wavelength Optical Line Optical Line DWDM wavelength DWDM Tx Off-Ramp G5 Rx DWDM Tx Thin-Regen G7 Rx DWDM Tx On-Ramp G5 Rx Non-Nortel wavelength OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

49 Network features 2-13 Dense regenerator application Single-circuit pack 10Gb/s SONET/SDH regeneration OPTera LH single circuit pack regenerators (See Figure 2-7, Single circuit pack SONET/SDH regenerator on page 2-13) extend system reach by reconstituting the optical signal in each direction at an intermediate point between two service terminating locations. If required, multiple cascaded regenerators can be deployed along with optical amplifiers to extend system reach by hundreds of kilometers. Unlike traditional SONET/SDH regenerators, OPTera LH 10-Gb/s regenerators incorporate a complete bidirectional regenerator channel on a single plug-in, allowing an OPTera LH bay to support up to 30 unidirectional 10-Gb/s channels (or 300-Gb/s total capacity for each bay). This yields substantial savings in capital equipment costs, operational costs, and footprint requirements relative to traditional solutions. OPTera LH Release 1.5 introduces a single-circuit pack 10 Gb/s regenerator, the OC-192/STM-64 XR. The single circuit pack 2.5 Gb/s regenerator will be introduced in a later release. Figure 2-7 Single circuit pack SONET/SDH regenerator OTP0240.eps 10 Gb/s 10 Gb/s Regenerator 10 Gb/s DWDM backbone Up to 1.6 Tb/s DWDM coupler Optical amplifier Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

50 2-14 Network features MOR Plus amplifier support Introduced on the S/DMS TransportNode 10 Gb/s platform, the MOR Plus amplifier is supported on the OPTera LH platform and can be deployed in Post, Pre, Mid-Stage Access (MSA) OADM or line applications. OPTera LH Release 1.2 supports enhanced power optimizer features for a maximum of 16 wavelengths. OPTera LH Release 1.5 supports a maximum of 32 wavelengths. For additional details on the MOR Plus amplifier or optical layer tools, see 200 GHz, 2- to 16-wavelength Optical Layer Applications Guide, NTY311DX or 100 GHz MOR Plus, 2- to 32-wavelength Optical Layer Applications Guide (NTY312DX). OPTera LH platform To cost-effectively build the ultra high-capacity transport infrastructure of the 21st century, carriers must integrate a diverse mix of services and network elements into unified DWDM backbones that do not involve the high costs and delays of new fiber deployment. To achieve service transport at the lowest possible cost per bit, unnecessary SONET/SDH multiplexing must be eliminated while providing the flexibility to handle virtually any mix of services: voice, video, Internet protocol (IP) data, and cell-based asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) traffic. The new Nortel Networks OPTera LH platform (see Figure 2-8, OPTera LH bay on page 2-15) offers the cost-effective high-capacity transport solutions carriers need to meet the challenges of 21st century networks. OPTera LH can provide as many as 30 bidirectional 2.5 or 10-Gb/s channels for each 7-foot bay for efficient integration onto a DWDM backbone with a scalable capacity up to 1.6 Tb/s. Note: OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 only supports the first extension shelf. Therefore, OPTera LH delivers substantial savings in capital equipment costs, operational costs, and footprint requirements. Open optical interfaces easily handle an assorted portfolio of legacy systems and services, and also allow easy adaptation to future service requirements: both forecasted and unexpected. As shown in Figure 2-8 on page 2-15, the OPTera LH bay supports the following: up to three shelves (30 slots) for optical networking circuit packs, or two shelves plus up to eight passive optical components such as DWDM couplers, optical add/drop multiplex (OADM) couplers, and dispersion compensation modules (DCMs). OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

51 Network features 2-15 Figure 2-8 OPTera LH bay OTP0251.eps Control shelf (Common equipment, operations interfaces) Local craft access panel Two fiber management trays Main optical transport shelf (10 slots) Environmental control unit Optical extension optical transport shelf 1 (10 slots) Optional passive devices (for example, DWDM and optical add/drop couplers, dispersion compensation modules) Second environmental control unit Optional extension optical transport shelf 2 (10 slots) Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

52 2-16 Network features A control shelf is installed at the top of the bay, which provides common equipment and management/operations support. This shelf is common with the Nortel Networks S/DMS TransportNode OC-192/TN-64X platform, thereby offering circuit pack inventory savings and many operational efficiencies in conjunction with S/DMS TransportNode 10-Gb/s network elements. OPTera LH shelves can be equipped with a variety of different optical networking building blocks as needed to support the specific service requirements of the application. Supported optical networking functions include the following: Wavelength Translators that condition 2.5-Gb/s or 10-Gb/s services for DWDM long-haul transport in a multi-vendor/multi-technology environment single circuit pack, 10-Gb/s regenerators that reconstitute optical signals at intermediate points between service terminating locations Note: 2.5 Gb/s regenerators will be offered in a later release. MOR Plus optical Pre/Post or line amplifier that supports DWDM applications employing up to 32 wavelengths (320-Gb/s bandwidth) over a single bidirectional optical fiber Wavelength Combiners that aggregate multiple lower rate, or Gigabit Ethernet (planned) multi-vendor/multi-technology services into a single bidirectional 10-Gb/s signal OPTera 1600G optical Pre/Post or line amplifier that supports DWDM applications employing up to 160 wavelengths (1.6-Tb/s bandwidth) over a single bidirectional optical fiber or up to 80 wavelengths (800-Gb/s bandwidth) in a unidirectional, two-fiber configuration OADM building block that permits multiple wavelengths to be added/dropped at an intermediate line amplifier site (employs passive coupler and MOR Plus/OPTera 1600G line amplifier configuration with mid-stage access) optical protection modules for self-healing, always on per-channel protection against cable cuts and node failures (planned) OPTera LH Repeater The first release of OPTera LH introduces the Repeater network element, which supports the 2.5G and 10G Wavelength Translators, the 10 Gb/s OC-192/STM-64 regenerator (XR), MOR Plus amplifier as well as the respective control hardware. For further details on the Repeater feature set, refer to the summary tables in Chapter 1, Introduction. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

53 Network features 2-17 Equipment density and capacity No one can question the insatiable demand for capacity in backbone networks. With the success of the industry-leading S/DMS TransportNode 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s platforms, Nortel Networks has a proven track record in delivering the future of global high-capacity, long-haul transport. Now, OPTera LH builds on that tradition of leadership and innovation by providing an optical transport platform that enables high-capacity regeneration (thin SONET/SDH or full SONET/SDH) with denser footprint requirements than ever before. To provide this capacity, the OPTera LH Repeater bay is configured as follows: The first four slots in the main shelf house the MOR Plus amplifiers. The 16 remaining slots (six in the main shelf and 10 in the optional extension shelf) can house either 8 pairs of 2.5G WT circuit packs or 8 pairs of 10G WT or XR circuit packs. For more details about circuit packs in the main shelf and optional extension shelf, see Engineering rules on page 4-1. The total capacity of the OPTera LH Repeater depends on the software release. Release 1.2 Release 1.2 introduces the 2.5G WT as follows: a total of eight 2.5G WT pairs on each Repeater bay (main shelf and first extension shelf) for a maximum of 16 WT circuit packs on each bay The total capacity for each bay is as follows: eight times 2.5 Gb/s in each direction (16 wavelengths or 8 bidirectional channels on each bay) gives 40 Gb/s total capacity Release 1.5 The 2.5G WT offering remains unchanged from Release 1.2. Release 1.5 introduces 10G WT and OC-192/STM-64 XR as follows: a total of eight 10 Gb/s WT or XR channel pairs for each Repeater bay (main shelf and first extension shelf) for a maximum of 16 WT circuit packs or OC192/STM64 XR circuit packs. The total capacity if the Repeater bay is equipped with 10 Gb/s circuit packs is 80 Gb/s in each direction (total 160 Gb/s). Amplifier capacity The OPTera LH Repeater supports the MOR Plus amplifier hardware but with different software support in Release 1.2 or Release 1.5. OPTera LH Release 1.2 supports a maximum of 16 wavelengths (160 Gb/s total line capacity) while Release 1.5 supports 32 wavelengths (320 Gb/s total line capacity). Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

54 2-18 Network features Globalization The OPTera LH global platform provides a unique package for both SONET and SDH markets. It is able to support all different releases of OPTera LH and its various NE types. The globalization initiative aims to maximize deployment efficiencies while bearing in mind future globalization requirements. The only impact of this initiative for the user is the selection point prompt (SONET or SDH) when commissioning the NE. Once the user selects the NE personality, all CLUI, Web UI logs and alarms align with the selected personality. A single OPC load supports both NE types. All specific information (for example, line, rate, alarm text, PM data) is communicated up from the NE. A single INM load prompts both NE types. Note: NE personality on a per-facility basis is not supported. No hybrid NE (mix of SONET/SDH line facilities within the same element) is possible. NE personality can only be changed by decommissioning and recommissioning the NE. Note: See Engineering rules on page 4-1 for limitations related to globalization. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

55 3-1 OAM&P features 3- Chapter overview This chapter describes operations, administration, maintenance and provisioning (OAM&P) features of the OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 Repeater network: Autoprovisioning on page 3-1 Orderwire on page 3-2 Performance monitoring on page 3-4 OPC support on page 3-5 INM support on page K NE ID on page M SC on page 3-7 Routing fundamentals on page 3-8 CLUI, WUI, and OPC UI on page 3-17 External communications (DCC, OSC) on page 3-20 Product upgrade paths on page 3-21 Network management on page 3-21 Alarms on page 3-24 Autoprovisioning The shelf controller (SC) autoprovisions circuit packs in pairs anywhere in the OPTera LH Repeater main and optional extension shelves within the G-naming and pairing boundaries when you insert circuit packs into the shelf. The SC performs the following: automatically recognizes the circuit pack puts the circuit pack in service creates facilities (where applicable), and initializes the default provisioning values (for example, maximum Tx power) Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

56 3-2 OAM&P features The SC always provisions two paired slots together regardless of whether a circuit pack is unidirectional and does not require a paired circuit pack for a particular network application. The system generates a circuit pack missing alarm if the partner circuit pack is missing. Orderwire The orderwire (OW) circuit pack, along with its associated software functionalities, provides voice-frequency communication between OPTera LH network elements (NEs) using the following: orderwire interfaces present on the Local Craft Access Panel (LCAP), and the orderwire circuit pack faceplate Orderwire is typically used during maintenance activities, when craftspeople at two sites must talk to each other to coordinate their actions and confirm diagnostic results. The orderwire circuit pack is an optional component that (when equipped) resides in slot 15 of the control shelf of the Repeater NE configuration. The presence or absence of the orderwire circuit pack does not impact any aspect of the Repeater NE operation except for orderwire itself. See Typical control shelf layout for the OPTera LH bay Release 1.2 and 1.5 Repeater bay on page 4-13 for the slot position of the OW circuit pack. Local and express orderwire is accessed over the Optical Service Channel (OSC) supported on MOR Plus amplifiers in slots 1 through 4 (G0 through G3) of the OPTera LH Repeater NE. OW is provided through a fixed pairing of two circuit packs (2 pairs: 1 pair east and 1 pair west) configured as Pre/Post amplifiers located in the Repeater main shelf. To configure orderwire on a OPTera LH Repeater system, each node requires two to four MOR Plus circuit packs in the main shelf configured as follows: circuit packs in G0 and G3 (slots 1 and 4) provisioned as Red Pre/Blue Post or Red MSAPre/Blue MSA Post circuit packs in G1 and G2 (slots 2 and 3) provisioned as Red Post/ Blue Pre or Red MSAPost/Blue MSA Pre The OSC pairing of the MOR Plus circuit packs is as follows: West OSC: slot 1 and 2 (MOR Plus G0 and G1) East OSC: slot 3 and 4 (MOR Plus G2 and G3) OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

57 OAM&P features 3-3 Two MOR Plus circuit packs contain OSC capabilities to achieve bidirectional OSC functionality: one MOR Plus circuit pack to achieve 1510 nm OSC in one direction one OSC plug-in module to achieve the 1625 nm OSC in the other direction. See Figure 3-1, Orderwire signal flow on page 3-4. The manual seam can be provisioned for an OPTera LH network if partitioning of the orderwire network is necessary. OPTera LH nodes to the left and right of the node for which the manual seam has been provisioned will be treated as separate orderwire networks. This operation does not affect OPTera LH traffic in any way. For further information on orderwire seams, refer to the OPTera LH NTPs. OSC must be bidirectional in the network for orderwire to function. User interfaces for orderwire are provided through the CLUI and the Web User Interface (WUI). SC, CLUI, and traffic configuration are updated and modified to provide provisioning, menu, and facilities functions for OW. The orderwire public switch telephone network (PSTN) functionality is not supported when a Repeater NE is created in SDH mode. All other OW attributes are similar to those provided with the OC-192 Release 6.0 and TN-64X Release 2.0. For further information on the orderwire attributes, refer to the OPTera LH NTPs. Note: See page 4-58 for limitations related to related to orderwire. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

58 3-4 OAM&P features Figure 3-1 Orderwire signal flow OTP0037.eps Control Shelf OW Rx Tx Tx Rx Overhead buses RB Main Shelf Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4 OSC West Facing G0 MOR Plus G1 MOR Plus G2 MOR Plus G3 MOR Plus OSC East Facing Manual Seam Performance monitoring OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 supports the same performance monitoring (PM) set as in OC-192 Release 7.0 and TN-64X Release 2.0. However, not all PMs are used by the Repeater network elements. Since the Wavelength Translators operate in 3R mode, PM supports section counts only. Path, line, and physical PMs (Rx power monitoring) are not supported on the 2.5G WT circuit pack. However, Rx power monitoring on the 10G WT and the OC-192/STM-64 XR is supported. Section threshold defaults are the same as the threshold values on existing OC-48 TR and OC-192 TR circuit packs. Table 3-1 provides the list of PMs supported by the OPTera LH Repeater. The OPTera LH software PM system automatically configures the operation mode of the supported circuit packs and sends the required provisioning data. The PM system operates automatically and does not require user intervention. In this release, the PM system is able to support a maximum of 16 WTs or 16 regenerator facilities for each NE. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

59 OAM&P features 3-5 Table 3-1 PMs supported by the OPTera LH Repeater PM 2.5G WT (3R mode) 10G WT (3R mode) OC192/STM64 XR (Regenerator mode) Optical facilities OPR - Yes Yes IQ - Yes Yes Section CV Yes Yes Yes ES Yes Yes Yes SES Yes Yes Yes SEFS Yes Yes Yes OPC support OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 provides OPC software support for both SONET and SDH through a partitioned OPC (POPC) circuit pack. Legacy OPCs located in the OC-48, OC-12, and TN16X shelves are not supported. Note: See page 4-58 for limitations related to OPC support. OPC software features OPC software features for OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 include: software delivery by tape, 122 MB flash cartridge, or POPC storage circuit pack SOC commissioning fault management and event status through the OPC UIs, NE web user interface (WUI) banner line, and INM upload userid and password management; time-of-day sync; OPC data Save and Restore, OPC activity switch; OPC port configuration INM upload for remote inventory; shelf-level graphics; facility provisioning; performance monitoring (PM) display remote login across datacomm network in addition to INM remote passthrough capability flow-through operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) messaging through the Transport Bridge configuration S/W download and managed software upgrades for a product release Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

60 3-6 OAM&P features PM collectors for transmitting to INM and transaction language 1 (TL1) Level 2 routing (for more information on Level 2 routing, see Routing fundamentals on page 3-8) Span of control engineering guidelines The Span of Control (SOC) engineering guidelines for OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 are as follows: a backup OPC is highly recommended in each SOC; primary and backup OPCs should be in different locations OPTera LH release 1.2/1.5 software must be in a distinct and separate SOC with its own OPC no mix of SONET and SDH NEs is possible Repeater and OAS (Optical Amplifier Shelf) NE types support only; no ADM/LTE/REGEN support in OPTera LH SOC OAS and Repeater NEs are not allowed within the same SOC for release 1.2 but are allowed in release 1.5 an OPC can be located in a bay that is outside of its SOC. However, it is not recommended that you configure your system in this way. Level 2 routing enable network size to increase beyond the 150 nodes limit a maximum of 34 managed NEs is allowed in each SOC 7 hops OSC link limitation if OSC only is available for software upgrades Note: This limitation only applies when no other communication channel, such as SONET/SDH section DCC or Ethernet links, are accessible to remote sites. For example, an OC-192/STM-64 XR terminates section DCC, providing another communication channel complimentary to the amplifier OSC. a maximum of 30 datacomm hops (data communication sections) is allowed from the primary OPC to managed NEs a maximum of 150 visible datacomm Level 1 nodes, including OPCs, is allowed within the same SOC a maximum of 4 concurrent INM workstations is allowed INM support OPTera LH Release 1.2 integrated network management software is based on INM Release OPTera LH Release 1.5 INM is supported with INM Release See page 4-56 for a list of limitations related to INM support. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

61 OAM&P features 3-7 INM software features INM S/W features for OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 include: optical section view (OSV) is supported autodiscovery of a new NE type (Repeater) on the graphical network browser (GNB) fault management remote login (OPC, CLUI, WUI) electronic S/W delivery shelf-level graphics for the control, main, and extension shelf (shelf ID 1 through 3, respectively) resource management building block (RMBB), fault management building block (FMBB), performance management building Block (PMBB) support support for the following INM GNB functionality is provided for the 2.5G WT circuit pack, the 10G WT circuit pack and the OC-192/STM-64 XR: remote inventory and performance monitoring shelf level graphics facility provisioning (for SONET only) PM threshold provisioning (for SONET only) globalization support a mix of SONET and SDH NEs within the same INM load no facility provisioning and PM threshold provisioning for SDH NEs Note: INM Power Measurement will be supported in future releases of INM. This software application is an optical software package that must be installed with INM Core and INM optical section view (OSV). The application allows the user to model optical paths in INM and view it through the OSV GUI. 64K NE ID 32M SC All Network Manager releases and Integrated Network Management (INM) releases previous to release 5.0 will not support network element numbers greater than INM Release will support an extended NE ID range of to Because of increasing demand on the memory of the shelf controller (SC) from code expansion, OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 introduces more memory on the SC with the 32M SC hardware. OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 also provides software support for the 32M SC circuit pack. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

62 3-8 OAM&P features Routing fundamentals All addressable network elements in a network must be identified by a unique network service access point (NSAP). A protocol data unit (PDU) is a packet that is used by a source network element to send data to a destination network element: a source and destination NSAP information and service data unit (SDU) that carries the actual data in the message. All network elements operating within the same routing parameter are said to form a domain. A domain can be further divided into sub-domains or areas, also known as a Level 1 area. The protocol used for routing PDUs within an area is known as Level 1 routing (intra-area). See Level 2 routing concepts on page Network elements within an area take on one of the following roles: an end system (ES) a node than can originate and terminate protocol data units (PDUs) but does not route PDUs within an area example: an OPC a Level 1 intermediate system (Level 1 IS) such a system performs the same role as an ES, and is also responsible for routing and relaying PDUs from one network element to another within the Level 1 area maintains a detailed topological view of routes to every connected network element within its Level 1 area examples: NEs and the network processor (NP) a Level 2 intermediate system (Level 2 IS) performs all the functions of a Level 1 IS is responsible for routing PDUs from one Level 1 area to another Level 1 area within the domain Level 1 routing concepts A Level 1 routing area is created or defined by a unique set of area addresses. Because of standards history, the maximum number of unique area addresses that can be supported for interoperability purposes in a Level 1 area is 3. For messages to be routed between nodes there must be a routing adjacency established between the nodes. What happens on optical NEs is as follows. A SONET DCC example is used to illustrate the concepts. The concepts are similar for LAN-based connections (Control NET: CNET and Ethernet). A link is established over the channel. The frame size that is to be used at each end of this link must be identical. Nothing in the protocol specification verifies that the frame size at each end is the same. The user must ensure that the frame OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

63 OAM&P features 3-9 sizes at each end is equal. In a SONET example, the point-to-point connection uses the Link Access Protocol for D-channels (LAPD) over the SDCC channel. This arrangement establishes the basic fact that the NEs can communicate with each other. After this fact has been established, the NEs must now determine their routing compatibility, their ability to route messages to or from the other NE. At this time, routing adjacency status is determined. After the LAPD connection has been established, the NEs now exchange routing information. This routing information contains the following NE details: its network service access point (NSAP) address the number of area addresses the NE supports a list of the area addresses that this NE supports (maximum of 3) If the NEs do not support the same number of area addresses, the link cannot be established. The NEs compare lists of supported area addresses at this point. All that is required is for one area address to be common on the two NEs. If there is at least one area address in common, a routing adjacency is established and messages can be routed between the two NEs. If no area address is in common, then the NEs view the link as unusable for the purposes of routing messages to or from each other. Once a routing adjacency is established, the NEs exchange additional information. Among the additional information exchanged by the NEs are which adjacent NEs are accessible through which port. All NEs within the Level 1 network exchange their information with another NE in the network. It is this information that allows each NE to build the same view of the network and the network connectivity. This information is then used by those NEs that are Level 1 routers to route messages throughout the Level 1 network. When two Level 1 areas are joined into a single Level 1 area, only the NEs from the two areas that are physically connected require an area address in common. The key factors required to join two separate Level 1 areas into one Level 1 area are as follows: the frame size on the connecting link must be identical the number of supported area addresses at each NE must be the same the connected NEs must have at least one supported area address in common There are circumstances in which NEs from different vendors must work together in a network and be able to route each other s messages. It is likely that two different vendors equipment will use different default area addresses. The ability to support more than one area address means it will be simpler to provision the one vendor s area address on the others NE to which it is connected so that one area address will be in common. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

64 3-10 OAM&P features The manual area address (MAA) set on any given NE is the area addresses the NE has provisioned on it. The NE uses this NSAP as the source address of all messages it originates. To establish routing adjacency, NEs exchange information on which area addresses they each support. This information is passed from NE to NE around the entire Level 1 area. All NEs in the entire Level 1 area know about all area addresses provisioned within the Level 1 area. The union of all these manual area address sets then becomes the computed area address (CAA) set. The CAA set is found on each NE within the Level 1 area. No more than three MAAs can be provisioned in a Level 1 area. Since all nodes can support a maximum of 3 area address in their computed area address set, the remaining area addresses are dropped, which has a disastrous effect on the network. The nodes decide which area addresses to keep and which to drop according to the following rule, paraphrased from ISO 10589: Compare all area addresses digit by digit starting from the left. Once a lower digit is found, that area address is deemed to be lower than the other is. After all area addresses in the computed area address set are compared, the three lowest stay and everything else goes. Assume the following five manual area addresses are provisioned on nodes within a Level 1 area: Following the rule, area addresses , , and are kept while 4 and 5 are dropped. No leading zeroes are added to pad the addresses to be the same length. All addresses are left justified and the comparison begins. In this example, the comparison ends after the first digits are compared. Since area addresses 4 and 5 have now been dropped, any nodes that are using either of these area addresses in their NSAP addresses will have a problem. For example, assume node X has area address 5 in its manual area address set and uses this area address in its NSAP. When X originates a message, it places its NSAP as the source address of the message. The destination node, Y for example, will receive the message (assuming Y wasn t using either 4 or 5 as part of its NSAP address). Should Y wish to respond to the message, it will use the source address NSAP from the message it received from X now as the destination NSAP for its response. Y, since it dropped area address 5 from its computed area address set, won t know how to route the message within this Level 1 area to the correct OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

65 OAM&P features 3-11 destination node, X. If only Level 1 routing were supported is this network, this would be the end of the story. Y would throw the message away and node X would not get a response to its message. Level 2 routing concepts Level 2 routing is used to interconnect previously created Level 1 areas. Level 2 routers follow the Level 1 algorithms as described in the preceding section. They are a NE within a Level 1 area. In addition, they can route messages to nodes not within their own Level 1 area. To achieve this arrangement, a Level 2 router must have at least one of its communications ports directly connected to that of another Level 2 router. To maintain connectivity among a domain comprised of numerous Level 1 areas, all Level 2 routers must be connected. This connection forms the Level 2 routing backbone. Once connected and provisioned as Level 2 routers, the Level 2 routers exchange information among themselves. The information exchanged is the set of area addresses (computed as a set of area addresses) each supported in its Level 1 area. Each Level 2 router is then able to build a map of which Level 2 routers support which Level 1 area addresses. In addition, each Level 2 router will be able to determine over which link it must send a message destined for another Level 1 area to allow the message to reach its destination. See Figure 3-3 on page Level 2 connectivity Some common misconceptions exist regarding connectivity among Level 2 routing. Most assume boundary NEs can be configured as Level 2 routers and Level 2 routing will occur. This scenario holds true in a simple case where there are only two areas involved. The situation becomes more complex when there are more than two areas. A Level 1 router can only operate in the Level 1 area. It cannot operate in the Level 2 sub-domain. A Level 2 router can operate in both Level 1 and Level 2 sub-domains, bridging both levels. A Level 2 router can also act as a Level 1 router. It can route packets within its area just like any Level 1 router while it can also route packets between different areas in the Level 2 sub-domain. When a packet is routed through the Level 2 sub-domain, the Level 2 router cannot make use of Level 1 links or paths to forward the packet. A packet routed through the Level 2 sub-domain must use Level 2 paths formed by Level 2 links. Level 1 and Level 2 paths operate separately. Level 2 with linear systems OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 Repeater system can support a number of on ramp and off ramp tributaries where a cluster of NEs can hang off each tributary. Each of these tributary clusters will be a tributary network. In this case, the total number of NEs in the entire tributary network can exceed the Level 1 Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

66 3-12 OAM&P features routing limit. If this happens, part or all of the tributary networks must be partitioned into smaller Level 1 areas. Each tributary network is configured as an individual area. In each area, the NE connection to the OPTera LH linear backbone is configured as a Level 2 router for the area itself. This NE can then tap into the OPTera LH backbone using the tributary circuit. See Figure 3-4 on page Amplifier site or dense regenerator site as a Level 2 hub A Repeater NE configured as a line amplifier site (using MOR Plus amplifier) is the natural choice to a be a Level 2 router since the MOR Plus acts as an optical hub where multiple spans of NEs meet at a single point. Each node in the different areas can communicate with one another, as well as the common regenerator or line amplifier, through the Level 2 routers. See Figure 3-5 on page OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

67 OAM&P features 3-13 Figure 3-2 Data communication fundamentals OTP0137.eps Level 2 Area A Level 1 Area B Level 1 Domain X Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

68 3-14 OAM&P features Figure 3-3 Level 2 routing across Level 1 areas OTP0138.eps INM L21S Area Y The 3 areas are connected with L21S. L21S L21S Area X Area Z Note 1: Now there is only one routing domain. This routing domain is made up of 3 unique areas identified with unique area addresses (X, Y, Z). Note 2: Each one of the areas is now connected with Level 2 routers. Note 3: Peer-to-peer communication between NEs of different areas is now possible. Note 4: Redundant communication path for INM to the NEs upon broken links. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

69 OAM&P features 3-15 Figure 3-4 Level 2 with linear systems OTP0139.eps Subtending L2 The OPTera LH level 2 routers are connected to each other using DCC or OSC to form the backbone for the level 2 path. L2 Subtending L2 Tributary Tributary L2 OSC or DCC L2 L2 Legend - Level 2 path - Level 2 router Note 1: Each tributary network is configured as an individual area. In each tributary area, the NE connection to the OPTera LH backbone is configured as a level 2 router for the area itself. This NE can then tap into the OPTera LH backbone using the tributary circuit. Note 2: The OPTera LH can support a number of tributaries where a cluster of NEs can hang off each tributary. Note 3: Each of these tributary clusters is a tributary network. Note 4: The total number of NEs in the entire tributary network can exceed a level 1 routing limit in this senario. Therefore, part or all of the tributary networks must be partitioned into smaller level 1 areas. Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

70 3-16 OAM&P features Figure 3-5 Amplifier site or dense regenerator as a Level 2 Hub OTP0140.eps NE Area 2 L2 L2 Area 5 MOR Area 3 L2 L2 Area 6 Area 4 L2 L2 Area 7 NE Area 1 Legend - Level 2 path - Level 2 router Note 1: MOR NE is the natural choice to be a level 2 router, since the MOR circuit packs act as an optical hub where multiple spans of NEs meet at a single point. Note 2: Nodes in the different areas can communicate with one another and the common regenerator/optical line amplifier through the level 2 routers. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

71 OAM&P features 3-17 In summary, Level 2 routing enables the data communication network to grow beyond the current network size limit. This new functionality allows the communication to any network element and OPCs within networks without barriers. Segmenting the data communication domain to respect the conventional 150 nodes Level 1 area limit by selectively turning on or off physical datacomm ports is no longer necessary. Instead, the entire network can be split into Level 1 routing areas with simple manual area address provisioning at each NE. A small number of NEs at the boundary area can be provisioned as Level 2 routers and used to interconnect the previously created Level 1 areas. Adding one or more large network segments to the existing datacomm network can be accomplished easily by creating one or more new areas without requiring re-provisioning of any existing datacomm ports. Nortel Networks s implementation of Level 2 routing requires little or no manual intervention for this operation. The user only needs to provision a few operation parameters upon commissioning. For specifics details on the commissioning procedures, refer to the OPTera LH NTPs. For further details on data communications and Level 2 routing, see Data Communications Planning Guide, PG OC 99-30, issue 1. CLUI, WUI, and OPC UI The UI enhancements relate to the restructured optical commands in a new optical facility CLUI menu that includes: a modified OCn facility menu for the SONET 2.5G WT, 10G WT, OC-192 XR circuit packs a modified STMn facility menu for the SDH 2.5G WT, 10G WT, and STM-64 XR circuit packs This CLUI instance offers the following advantages: allows you to locate commands related to optical hardware quickly and easily facilitates the query and modification of configuration information for this hardware CLUI supports the following attributes: new NE Repeater type with respective shelf IDs (Repeater main shelf ID is 2, Repeater first extension shelf ID is 3) new grouping of circuit packs for MOR Plus, 2.5G WT, 10G WT, and OC-192/STM-64 XR new Repeater CP inventory 64K NE ID transmitter analog maintenance 2 (AM2) provisioning support Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

72 3-18 OAM&P features new optical facility menu that groups all optical related submenus and includes transmitter output provisioning, received physical parameters, MOR Plus facility and measurements as well as MOR Plus DCC control software provisionable transmitted power, wavelength and chirp additional Tx provisioning: AM1 or AM2 dither provisioning and NLS dither provisioning MOR Plus end-to-end power control for 32-λ (automatic channel discovery, channel provisioning information propagation and local locking capabilities, output power propagation and local locking capabilities) new COMNE command (commission NE) replaces CreateNE new delete extension shelf command secondary state support for supported circuit packs and circuit pack groups The CLUI output displayed by various commands has the same formatting and display properties except for the displays that support new functionality (for example, the new 2.5G WT and 10G WT). The UI enhancements allow you to select multiple sets of optical facility instances on a single circuit pack (for example, dual DWDM circuit packs). Introduction of this feature in the first day of OPTera LH deployment minimizes the customer impact on this major CLUI change in the future. See Figure 3-6, CLUI overview on page 3-19 for the CLUI menu details See Figure 3-7, Sample of new CLUI screen on page OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

73 OAM&P features 3-19 Figure 3-6 CLUI overview OPT0036.eps Alarm Performance Monitoring Facility Performance Thresholds Clear Counts NE Alarm Provisioning Protection Circuit Pack Group Protection Network Element Shelf Alarm Provisioning Manual Area Address Mgmt. Main Equipment Circuit Pack Group Equipment Alarm Provisioning Facility Optical Facility OCn Facility DCC Control Tx Optical Facility Rx Optical Facility MOR Facility Date and Time Alarm Provisioning PT Input Orderwire MOR DCC Control Power Measurements Optical SIGnal Facility OSC Facility Administration User Administration PT Output Alarm Provisioning Interface Port Ethernet Control Alarm Provisioning Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

74 3-20 OAM&P features Figure 3-7 Sample of new CLUI screen OTP0092.eps C 000 M 000 m 000 w 000 LckOut 000 ActPt :43 NE 2019> QRNE NE Equipment NE Id: 21 NE Type: NE Name: Location: Function: Line Rate: REPEATER OC192 Date: 01/01/95 [DD/MM/YY] Time: 00/42/02 [HH/MM/SS] Time Zone: GMT Current Clock Source: Target Clock Source: ThroughTimed ThroughTimed Shelf Vintage Position Serial Number CONTROL 0 1 NTM FE OTP MAIN OTP EXTENSION External communications (DCC, OSC) The external communications functionality on the OPTera LH Repeater NE is implemented on the following: the 32M shelf controller (SC) circuit pack, and the 128 M maintenance interface (MI) circuit pack, and the optical circuit packs (WT and XR). OPTera LH external comms and remote layer management (RLM) support both SDCC and OSC (no SDCC access with 2.5G WT and 10G WT). Note: See page 4-57 for limitations related to external communications. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

75 OAM&P features 3-21 Product upgrade paths Table 3-2 contains information about the different options available when deploying or upgrading OPTera LH Repeater network elements. Commissioning MI (Golden MI) are to be used for all first deployments (green field deployments). Table 3-2 OPTera LH deployment and software upgrade paths OPTera LH Release Commissioning MI (Golden MI) supported deployment Possible software upgrade path 1.0 OAS network elements (NEs) None (first introduction) 1.2 Repeater NEs None (first introduction) 1.5 OAS NEs Release 1.0 to 1.5 Repeater NEs Release 1.2 to (see Note) Combiner NEs OAS NEs Repeater NEs Release 1.5 to 2 Note 1: OPTera LH Release 1.5 to Release 2 is a span of control (SOC) only upgrade because it only upgrades the OPC software to include management of Combiner NEs into an existing Release 1.5 network. NE software catalog files are upgraded with the new release information. Note 2: OPTera LH Release 2 supports the new deployment of OAS, Repeater and Combiner NEs through the Multiple catalog support (MCS) functionality. MCS also allows the SOC upgrade of an OPTera LH OAS or Repeater from Release 1.5 to Release 2. This SOC upgrade allows the use of a single SOC for all NE types. A Combiner NE can only be created upon commissioning MI deployment, not upon upgrade or decommissioning of an existing Repeater or OAS NE. Network management Several network management considerations must be taken into account when deploying OPTera LH products in a system. OPTera LH operators are looking to purchase or lease bandwidth (or wavelengths) from various carriers and from various network configurations. Since overhead transparency may be required when deploying open optical interfaces that provide λ-leasing capabilities (such as OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5), performance monitoring and alarm management become a challenge. With OPTera LH Releases 1.2/1.5, operators are able to provision some bytes in the overhead to address this fault management issue. In Figure 3-8 on page 3-23, the second and last deployment examples are manageable since each carrier is able to perform its own sectionalization of faults without interfering with the others. However, in the first example, which is a direct application of transparent λ leasing, there is ambiguity as to where a fault originates and Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

76 3-22 OAM&P features which carrier will account for it. In this situation, operators can provision the B1 byte (section parity byte for error counts and PM counts) as recalculated and provision J0 (section trace) as inserted to activate section trace monitoring. Section trace monitoring will indicate effectively misconnections from an on-ramp facility to an off-ramp facility. B1 byte provisioning functionality As shown in Figure 3-9, Sectionalization of faults for OPTera LH Repeater NE on page 3-24, if the B1 byte is provisioned as passthrough, the error count will increase every time a fault occurs and the total quantity of error counts will reach the subtending equipment. The operator will then have to log in to each OPTera LH Repeater NE in the link and look at the PM screens to determine where the counts have started to increase. B1 byte provisioned as passthrough answers the need of some customers for total service transparency while still signaling faults to the subtending equipment. The subtending equipment can then handle the protection switching. In this scenario however, sectionalization of faults is a laborious process. For a faster and more effective sectionalization of fault solution, B1 byte can be provisioned as recalculated. In this situation, the B1 byte will be reset to 00 at every Repeater site when no faults are detected within a span. If an error occurs between two Repeaters, the error counts will show on the PM screens of the receiving Repeater. The fault can then be localized and acknowledged much faster without fastidious calculations. For carriers who require rapid fault detection, B1 recalculated is a valuable solution. Subtending equipment is still provided with switching capabilities in the event of a B2 error as the passed through B2 byte is detected at the far end terminal. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

77 OAM&P features 3-23 Figure 3-8 OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 network management considerations OTP0058.eps Operator Carrier A Carrier B Operator Operator Carrier C Operator Operator Carrier A Operator Operator Carrier B Operator Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

78 3-24 OAM&P features Figure 3-9 Sectionalization of faults for OPTera LH Repeater NE OTP0125.eps Subtending TBM ATM Routers IP X X B1 errors B1 Passthrough B1 Passthrough B1 Passthrough B1 Passthrough B1 1 B1 1 B1 2 B1 2 RPT RPT RPT RPT λ λ λ λ On Ramp Off Ramp B2 errors B1 errors X B1 1 B1 0 B1 1 B1 0 B1 Recalculated B1 Recalculated B1 Recalculated B1 Recalculated Subtending TBM B1 2 ATM Routers IP B1 0 B2 1 B2 1 Alarms The alarms associated with OPTera LH Release 1.2/1.5 Repeater 2.5G WT, the 10G WT, and the OC-192/STM-64 XR circuit packs include the following equipment alarms for section fault management: Circuit pack missing Circuit pack fail Circuit pack mismatch Autoprovisioning mismatch Filler card missing Facility alarms include: PM threshold crossing alerts (TCAs) Loss of signal (LOS) SDCC link fail (for the OC192/STM64 XR circuit pack only) There are no new additional alarms introduced with this release of OPTera LH. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

79 4-1 Engineering rules 4- This chapter includes the following sections: Frame equipment on page 4-1 Circuit packs on page 4-12 Mandatory control shelf circuit packs on page 4-17 Optional control shelf circuit packs on page 4-17 OPC definition on page 4-19 Circuit pack equipping rules on page 4-23 Power Optimizer interworking on page 4-28 Deployment examples on page 4-29 Typical bay configurations on page 4-33 Limitations on page 4-56 Frame equipment The OPTera LH bay is built using a 7-foot front access universal frame. Optionally, frame extenders can be used to extend the 2.13 m (7 ft.) frames to the following heights: 2.29 m (7.5 ft.) 2.44 m (8 ft.) 2.74 m (9 ft.), and 3.50 m (11.5 ft.) The upper portion above the 7-foot mark can either be filled with the relevant optional fiber management shelves or other equipment. A bay frame includes the following: anchor bolts a grounding strip a ground bar and all the necessary attachment screws Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

80 4-2 Engineering rules A standard equipped OPTera LH bay is available on a frame with dimensions of in. (0.60m) wide x in. (0.298m) deep x in. (2.13m) high. The OPTera LH bay is available with an optional extension shelf for additional optical interfaces such as 2.5G WT, 10G WT and OC-192/STM-64 XR. Since in-service addition of the optional extension shelf is not supported with releases 1.2 and 1.5, it is strongly recommended that customers with high capacity needs purchase the OPTera LH bay frame with the optional extension shelf in place. The second optional extension shelf will be available in a near future. For a typical OPTera LH Repeater bay layout, see Figure 4-1 OPTera LH Repeater bay configuration on page 4-3. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

81 Engineering rules 4-3 Figure 4-1 OPTera LH Repeater bay configuration OTP0018.eps Control shelf Main shelf Extension shelf Grill assembly 4 unit capacity DWDM shelf assembly Kickplate assembly Front cover (open) 2.40 in. (60.96 mm) Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

82 4-4 Engineering rules Power The office power terminations are fastened to the control shelf with lugs. All power distribution is contained within the bay, shelves and frames. It is well protected against accidental cuts or shorts since power wires are not externally accessible. As shown in Figure 4-2 on page 4-5, three power feeds from each battery (A and B), and the required three battery return cables for each battery (A and B) provide power to the bay. A ground connection is also provided at the top of the bay for frame ground connection to the central office (CO) ground. You can use two configuration models to connect OPTera LH power feeds to the power supply: 6 power feeds and 2 power feeds. 6 power feeds The 6 power feeds can be connected to the front power termination block (see Figure 4-2 on page 4-5) or to a rear power panel (see Figure 4-3 on page 4-5). Figure 4-5 on page 4-7 and Figure 4-6 on page 4-8 demonstrate how to connect the power cables to the front termination block or to the rear power panel. The fuse or breaker for each power lead from the battery distribution fuse bay (BDFB) must be 40 amperes. 2 power feeds To connect the two power feeds, you must have the correct power feed jumper kit. It contains two 3-position bus bars, one 6-position bus bar and 4 x #4 AWG power leads. See Figure 4-4 on page 4-6 for a detailed schematic of the 2 power feeds installation procedure. The fuse or breaker for each power lead from the BDFB must be 100 amperes. Note: You can use different types of fuses/breakers to protect the wiring between the BDFB and the OPTera LH bay. The given amperage values do not depend on the type of fuse or breaker used. Breaker/filter modules The breaker/filter modules consist of seven 15-amp circuit breakers, low frequency filtering, and soft-start circuits. The circuit breakers are logically assigned for the power distribution to the control shelf, to each quadrant of the main transport shelf and to each half of the extension shelf (Figure 4-7). Each breaker/filter module is connected to the three parallel battery feeds located in the power termination area. The circuit packs are located in slots 1 and 2 of the control shelf: one circuit pack for battery A power feeds and one circuit pack for battery B power feeds. Both circuit packs are required to offer power redundancy. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

83 Engineering rules 4-5 Figure 4-2 Power feed assignments for 6 power feeds with front power termination block (front view shown) F3178 A1 (-48V) B1 (-48V) A2 (-48V) B2 (-48V) A3 (-48V) B3 (-48V) A1 (RET) B1 (RET) A2 (RET) B2 (RET) A3 (RET) B3 (RET) Note: A and B returns are tied together as shown by L-shaped connectors on the back of the power termination block. Figure 4-3 Power feed assignments for 6 power feeds with rear power panel (front view of the rear power panel shown) F _R30 A1 (RET) B1 (RET) A2 (RET) B2 (RET) A3 (RET) B3 (RET) A1 (-48V) B1 (-48V) A2 (-48V) B2 (-48V) A3 (-48V) B3 (-48V) Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

84 4-6 Engineering rules Figure 4-4 Installing jumper buses on the 2-power feed front power termination block (front view shown) OTP0751.eps Control shelf terminal block assembly 1 Pos A1 (-48V) Pos B1 (-48V) Pos A2 (-48V) Pos B2 (-48V) Pos A3 (-48V) Pos B3 (-48V) Pos A1 (ret) Pos B1 (ret) Pos A2 (ret) Pos B2 (ret) Pos A3 (ret) Pos B3 (ret) 2-position bus bars Feed cables (part of NTCA89GE) Control shelf terminal block assembly 2 Pos A1 (-48V) Pos B1 (-48V) Pos A2 (-48V) Pos B2 (-48V) Pos A3 (-48V) Pos B3 (-48V) 3-position bus bars (PO885924) Feed cables Return cables (part of NTCA89GE) 3 A B Pos A1 (ret) Pos B1 (ret) Pos A2 (ret) Pos B2 (ret) Pos A3 (ret) Pos B3 (ret) 6-position bus bar (P ) OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

85 Engineering rules 4-7 Figure 4-5 Power cables connected to the OPTera LH control shelf power termination block OTP0201.eps Power cables from the power termination block to the power supply Power termination block Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

86 4-8 Engineering rules Figure 4-6 Power cables connected to the OPTera LH rear power panel F _R30 Power cables from the rear power panel to the power supply Power termination block Rear power panel Rear view of the bay Note: The rear power panel is internally wired to the power termination block. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

87 Engineering rules 4-9 Figure 4-7 OPTera LH power distribution and circuit breaker assignment (one battery feed) OTP0241.eps (-) (-) (-) A3 A2 A1-48V Connections on Ext. power termination, at top of the bay Breaker/filter module Control shelf Main shelf Extension shelf Second Extension shelf Note: Fan power is provided by internal fuses located in the breaker/filter module. Fiber management trays The fiber management trays manage optical fiber cable slack going in and out of the OPTera LH bay. The fiber management unit (located below the LCAP) contains two separate pull-out drawers or trays that are available in standard format (NTCA84GA and NTCA84GB). The 20 fiber reels are equipped within the fiber management tray as part of the basic configuration (NTCA84GC). Each reel can store up two meters of fiber slack patchcord without affecting the allowed bend radius. Figure 4-8 on page 4-10 shows a standard fiber management tray unit equipped with 20 fiber spools. The OPTera LH main shelf filled with circuit packs accommodates a maximum of 24 fibers. The optional extension shelf and the second extension shelf accommodate a Repeater Network Application Guide NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3

88 4-10 Engineering rules maximum of 20 fibers each. Since the total capacity of fiber-optic patchcords of one OPTera LH bay is 40 fibers, stand-alone fiber management facilities must be installed if a second extension shelf is required to extend bay capacity. Figure 4-8 Optical fiber management tray equipped with the hardware kit (20 fiber-optic spools) OTP0044.tif In addition, different options for optical devices and optical fiber management routing equipment are available to meet customer requirements. These options include the following: 8 miniature variable optical attenuators (mvoas) mounting plate kit and 16 adaptors 8 attenuator mounting plate kit to install fixed attenuation pads 1 or 2 WDM couplers mounting plate kit for nm and nm wavelength sparing L-band/OSC WDM coupler mounting plate kit Fiber guides To handle intra-bay fiber management routing, the OPTera LH bay includes fiber guides on the sides of the shelves. See Figure 4-9 on page These fiber guides are useful to relieve fiber-optics patchcord overload in the fiber management trays. OPTera LH NTY311AX Rel 1.2 and 1.5 Issue 3