IP MULTICAST. Adiseshu Hari, T. V. Lakshman and Gordon Wilfong Nokia Bell Labs
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1 IP MULTICAST Adiseshu Hai, T. V. Lakshman and Godon Wilfong Nokia DIMACS Wokshop on Algoithms fo Data Cente Netwoks Rutges Univesity, NJ 1
2 Why is IP Multicast not deployed in public netwoks? Denial-of-Sevice (DoS) attack amplification Complex Contol Plane Lage Fowading state - Non aggegable Multicast state flow Multicast data flow Multicast contol plane Multicast data plane 2
3 Can SDN help with Multicast? Denial-of-Sevice (DoS) attack amplification Contol state Fowading state Multicast state flow Multicast data flow Multicast SDN Contolle Multicast SDN switch 3
4 Can we eliminate multicast fowading state in SDN? Eliminate unicast fowading state in SDN: - Path Switching: pe-flow outing without pe-flow state - New data path suitable fo SW switches and pogammable packet pocessos - Encode path in the packet heades - DIMACS
5 Eliminating unicast fowading state in SDN using Path Switching SDN Contolle 5
6 Can we eliminate multicast fowading state in SDN? Can we extend Path Switching to encode multicast paths? Can we ceate an efficient encoding of a multicast path? No blowup in packet size (e.g. using bitmaps) No blowup in stoage state (e.g,. encode each multicast tee by a unique identifie) 6
7 Can we educe multicast fowading state in SDN? Unicast Banching (UB) - Use banching nodes in the netwok to eplicate unicast flows. - Use SDN Flow Table at ingess and egess - Use SDN Goup Table at banching nodes Reduces multicast fowading state fom linea to sublinea in numbe of fowading nodes 7
8 Unicast Banching (UB) Refeence Diagam Cental Contolle Banching Nodes With Goup Tables 8 Tansit Switches Fist Hop Switches Fist Hop Switches Endpoints Endpoints
9 Reducing multicast fowading state in SDN using Unicast Banching (UB) UB state flow UB data flow UB SDN Contolle Unicast switch Ingess, Egess, Banching SDN switch 9
10 Added advantages of Unicast Banching (UB) Tunable knob to switch between unicast eplication and full multicast Allows fo an NFV based implementation Allows Taffic Engineeed banches - Fast Reoute, Pe banch QoS Woks at all potocol layes potocol agnostic - Ethenet, IP, MPLS Enables unicast only potocols like Segment Routing and TCP to be multicast capable* - HTTP Adaptive Steaming multicast - Efficient content caches Enables Policy Based Multicast 10 * Requies stateful NFV elements, not just SDN switches fo banching points
11 Policy Based Multicast Policy based netwoking: Rules fo non default outing - Geofencing - QoS - Membeship filteing UB enables Policy Based Multicast - Numbe, location and type of banching nodes 11
12 Whee ae the Algoithms? 12
13 Building Efficient Policy Based Multicast Tees Poblem 1 definition: - Given an ingess node, a set of egess nodes and a set of banching nodes, build an optimal multicast tee. - What is optimal - Usual definition is based on link cost. - Steine tee poblem (NP-complete) 13
14 Building Multicast Tees using UB Majo Issue UB based multicast tee is not a tee!!! - It is a configuation Cannot apply Steine tee appoximation solutions diectly. Poblem: How to ceate minimum cost configuations? b 2 G 1 14
15 Tansfomation to Steine tee poblem on H Define : Edge-weighted gaph H = (O,E). O is set of banching nodes (including teminals) e=(b,b ) O, w(e) = length shotest path containing no intenal O nodes b G H b Theoem: Minimum cost configuation poblem in G is equivalent to Steine tee poblem in H
16 Minimum cost configuation poblem Theoem: Thee is a polynomial-time 1.39-appoximation algoithm fo min cost configuation poblem. [BGRS10] Theoem: The minimum cost configuation poblem is APX-had. Poof: Follows fom APX-hadness of Steine poblem fo complete gaphs with weights 1 and 2. [BP89] 16
17 Poblem 2: Minimize banching nodes Poblem 1: Minimize cost given a set of banching nodes. MIN COST PROBLEM Poblem 2: Minimize numbe of banching nodes given a fixed cost. MIN BRANCHING PROBLEM 17
18 Min Banching Poblem Fo a subset X of the tansit nodes, let CX be the minimum cost valid configuation using X as the set of exta banching nodes. We ae given a gaph G = (V, E), a multicast demand d = (, 1, 2,..., t), a bound k and an attainable cost c. Does thee exists a banching set X with least cost valid configuation CX satisfying d whee X <= k and cost(cx) <= c. 18 Does anybody
19 Min Banching Poblem Theoem: This poblem is NP-complete. Poof: Follows fom a constuction using Set Cove. Coollay: Fo this poblem the best possible appoximation is ln n. Poof: Follows fom bounds fo Set Cove. 19 Does anybody
20 20 Theoem: Min Banching is NP-complete 1 a b c e f n 1 C m C n e b a m f e c C C,,,,, 1, 1 n demand,,, 1
21 Policy Diven Softwae Defined Multicast Using Efficient Selection of Unicast Banching Points Conclusion: - Unicast Banching based multicast povides fo efficient, policy diven Softwae Defined Multicast. 21
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