Ground or Not to Ground Ethernet Protection (Part 2) Nisar Chaudhry P.E. Tii Network Technologies, Inc. Presented at Protection Engineers Group 2013
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1 Ground or Not to Ground Ethernet Protection (Part 2) Nisar Chaudhry P.E. Tii Network Technologies, Inc Presented at Protection Engineers Group 2013
2 Ground or Not to Ground Ethernet Protection This presentation builds on the material presented last year at this forum. Some attendees during question period had suggested we do some additional testing on the Ethernet protection and present here in the PEG conference 2013 So the question still stands Ground or Not Ground the Ethernet Surge Protection. Data presented in the last year s presentation even though not comprehensive, did point to necessity of grounding Ethernet protection circuits. During the past year we have conducted a number of surge tests with additional Network Interface Cards as well as Surge protection circuits. A brief review of last year presentation will not be out of place to start this presentation for the sake of continuity of the topic.
3 Typical NIC Card Ethernet Port Network Side
4 NIC Card Front End Interface with RJ 45
5 Ethernet Port Magnetics Dissected
6 Essentials for Surge Protection Evaluation Following were considered necessary for Lab Evaluation of Ethernet Surge Protection 1. Computer Network to Verify operation of NIC cards 2. Means of inducing balanced Surges 3. Surge Generator with high enough Surge Energy and Voltage capability 4. Surge application fixture for NIC card 5. Means of measuring and recording surge events
7 Computer Network to Verify Operation of NIC Cards Transferring data files from one computer to another computer. Monitoring the file transfer with windows task manager. Computer # 2 opened up for NIC card insert / remove capability.
8 NIC Card Installed in Computer # 2
9 Windows Task Manager on Computer # 2
10 Means of Inducing Balanced Surges
11 Surge Test Set-up
12 6kV 8/20 us Surge Generator KeyTek 711
13 Means of Inducing Balanced Surges a Toriodal Transformer
14 Adapter Board for NIC Card Surge Application
15 Current Loop for Measuring Surge Current
16 Complete Surge Testing Setup
17 Surge Voltage Values vs Damage to NIC Surge Voltages from 700 to 6000 volts were applied to the NIC cards and monitored with a scope. Voltages in excess of 3500 volts were able to cause damage to the NIC cards Voltages in excess of 5000 Volts caused enough damage that the NIC card stopped to connect to the network
18 Conclusions to Part 1 NIC card have pretty good Isolation levels, surges up to 3500 volts did not show any damage. Protection Circuits without ground provided partial protection, some boards continued to function even with some damage on the boards. Protection Circuit with ground provided complete protection to the maximum level of surges available during this evaluation. If you need good protection, the answer to question: Ground or Not to Ground Ethernet protection is Ground Ethernet Protection
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20 Objectives for Ethernet Protection Part 2 1. Investigate surge survival of NIC cards from various manufacturers. 2. Test additional Ethernet surge protection circuits taking into consideration of Power over Ethernet. 3. Analyze and compare transmission characteristics of the Ethernet surge protection circuits. 4. Conclusions
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25 Surge Testing Results of Various NIC Cards Board (1) LINKSYS No protection Surged from 3.5KV to 6KV, Board showed damage at 3.5KV but operated fully to 5.5KV. At 6KV the board although operating, Data transmission was compromised and data transfer speed was decreased. Board (2) INTEL No protection Board showed damage at 3.5KV components damaged. Board stopped operating at 5KV. Board (3)TRENDNET No protection surged 3.5KV to 4KV Board showed physical damage at 4KV and stopped operating at 4KV. Board (4) D-LINK No protection surged from 3KV to 6KV Board showed no damage and operated fully.
26 Surge Protection Circuits Used Circuit 1: Consisted of two three electrode GDT protection. The GDTs selected had nominal breakdown voltage of 500 volts. Circuit 2: Consisted of two steering diode bridges with 12 volt bidirectional avalanche diodes, two 90 volts GDTs from pair 1 to pair 2 of the Ethernet circuit and two three electrode GDTs for surges referenced to Ground. Circuit 3: Comprised of steering diode bridges with two 24 volt bipolar avalanche diodes and one 3 electrode GDT of 500 volts nominal breakdown, with center electrode connected to ground.
27 Circuit # 1 500V 500V
28 Circuit # 1Test Board
29 Circuit # 1Test Configuration
30 Surge Waveform 500V without GND
31 Surge Waveform 500V with GND
32 Surge Waveform 1kV without GND
33 Surge Waveform 1kV with GND
34 Surge Waveform 1.5kV without GND
35 Surge Waveform 1.5kV with GND
36 Surge Waveform 2kV without GND
37 Surge Waveform 2kV with GND
38 Surge Waveform 2.5kV without GND
39 Surge Waveform 2.5kV with GND
40 Surge Waveform 3kV without GND
41 Surge Waveform 3kV with GND
42 Surge Waveform 3.5kV without GND
43 Surge Waveform 3.5kV with GND
44 Surge Waveform 4kV without GND
45 Surge Waveform 4kV with GND
46 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND
47 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND Damage to Capacitor C3
48 Surge Waveform 4.5kV with GND
49 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND
50 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND Damage to Resistor R28
51 Surge Waveform 5kV with GND
52 Surge Waveform 5.5kV without GND
53 Surge Waveform 5.5kV with GND
54 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND
55 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND Damage to R28 and C9
56 Surge Waveform 6kV with GND
57 Protection Circuit 1 Test Results No Ground Connection: NIC cards started showing damage when surge voltage levels were increased beyond 4000 volts. With Ground Connection: NIC cards showed no damage when ground connection was present and the GDT allowed surge energy to be diverted to ground.
58 Circuit # 2 12V 500V 500V 90V 90V 12V
59 Circuit # 2Test Board
60 Circuit # 2Test Configuration
61 Surge Waveform 500V without GND
62 Surge Waveform 500V with GND
63 Surge Waveform 1kV without GND
64 Surge Waveform 1kV with GND
65 Surge Waveform 1.5kV without GND
66 Surge Waveform 1.5kV with GND
67 Surge Waveform 2kV without GND
68 Surge Waveform 2kV with GND
69 Surge Waveform 2.5kV without GND
70 Surge Waveform 2.5kV with GND
71 Surge Waveform 3kV without GND
72 Surge Waveform 3kV with GND
73 Surge Waveform 3.5kV without GND
74 Surge Waveform 3.5kV with GND
75 Surge Waveform 4kV without GND
76 Surge Waveform 4kV with GND
77 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND
78 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND Damage to Capacitor C3
79 Surge Waveform 4.5kV with GND
80 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND
81 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND Damage to Resistor R28
82 Surge Waveform 5kV with GND
83 Surge Waveform 5.5kV without GND
84 Surge Waveform 5.5kV with GND
85 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND
86 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND Damage to R28 and C9
87 Surge Waveform 6kV with GND
88 Protection Circuit 2 Test Results No Ground Connection: NIC cards got damaged when surge voltages approached 4000 volts or higher. With Ground Connection: No damage suffered by the NIC cards when Ground connection was present.
89 Circuit # 3 24V 24V 500V 24V 24V
90 Circuit # 3Test Board
91 Circuit # 3Test Configuration
92 Surge Waveform 500V without GND
93 Surge Waveform 500V with GND
94 Surge Waveform 1kV without GND
95 Surge Waveform 1kV with GND
96 Surge Waveform 1.5kV without GND
97 Surge Waveform 1.5kV with GND
98 Surge Waveform 2kV without GND
99 Surge Waveform 2kV with GND
100 Surge Waveform 2.5kV without GND
101 Surge Waveform 2.5kV with GND
102 Surge Waveform 3kV without GND
103 Surge Waveform 3kV with GND
104 Surge Waveform 3.5kV without GND
105 Surge Waveform 3.5kV with GND
106 Surge Waveform 4kV without GND
107 Surge Waveform 4kV with GND
108 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND
109 Surge Waveform 4.5kV without GND Damage to C3 and C7
110 Surge Waveform 4.5kV with GND
111 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND
112 Surge Waveform 5kV without GND Damage to R28 and C9
113 Surge Waveform 5kV with GND
114 Surge Waveform 5.5kV without GND
115 Surge Waveform 5.5kV with GND
116 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND
117 Surge Waveform 6kV without GND Damage to Ethernet Controller
118 Surge Waveform 6kV with GND
119 Protection Circuit 3 Test Results No Ground Connection: Damage to NIC cards when surge voltage exceeded 4000 volts. With Ground Connection: No Damage to the NIC cards when tested up to 6000 volts of peak surge voltage.
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129 Conclusions Surge Protection Circuits with ground provide complete protection to the maximum level of surges tested. Some NIC cards made with higher breakdown voltage caps and higher isolation voltage levels can survive without any surge protection. Improved surge protection circuits could affect data transmission rate. Surge protection device design must meet transmission requirements of the Ethernet circuit.
130 Any Questions?
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