GE Grid Solutions. Electric Grid Modernization and Substation Automation. John D. McDonald, P.E.

Transcription

1 GE Grid Solutions Electric Grid Modernization and Substation Automation John D. McDonald, P.E. Smart Grid Business Development Leader North America Global Smart Grid Strategy Group IEEE Fellow IEEE PES Distinguished Lecturer 1999-Present IEEE PES Substations Committee Chair IEEE PES President IEEE Division VII Director IEEE-SA Board of Governors CIGRE USNC VP, Technical Activities IEEE Spokane Section November 14,

2 Brief Background BSEE (1973), MSEE (1974) - Purdue University MBA (Finance) (1978) University of California-Berkeley 42 years full-time work experience in electric power system automation (i.e., Smart Grid) Worked for 4 automation system suppliers and 2 international consultants (9 years at GE) Written 80+ papers and articles, co-authored four books Extensive industry thought leadership Active in IEEE PES for 45 years Teach Smart Grid courses for GE and for IEEE PES Chapters Mentor young professionals; reverse mentored for 3 years Eagle Scout; Atlanta Area Council Boy Scouts of America (AAC BSA) Board Member AAC BSA Explorer Post at GE on Energy (high school boys and girls) Married 37 years, two children, two grandchildren 2

3 Key Industry/Societal Trends 3

4 Key Industry/Societal Trends Transitioning from Devices/Systems to Holistic Solutions Success = Technology, Standards, Policy Natural Gas Boom: Changing Electric Generation Economics Grid Flexibility + Self Healing + Reconfigurable Electrical Power Distribution Infrastructures Resiliency Big Data, the Cloud and Use of Social Media Convergence of IT and OT to Support Enterprise Data Management 4

5 The Smarter Grid and Holistic Solutions 5

6 A Smarter Grid Enabled Utility Managers New Applications enabled by Additional Infrastructure Management Applications Control How Power Flows Economic Dispatch Gen & Trans Mgt. Energy Optimization Transmission Automation Asset Optimization Sensors Demand Optimization Dist. Mgt. Delivery Optimization Dist. Automation Adv.Metering System Enabled Consumers Heavy Metal Generate & Deliver Power Thermal Generation Lines Sub Stations Dist Equipment Voltage Control Renewable Generation Old Grid Smart Grid Adds Old Grid You call when the power goes out. Utility pays whatever it takes to meet peak demand. Difficult to manage high Wind and Solar penetration Cannot manage distributed generation safely. ~10% power loss in T&D Smart Grid Utility knows power is out and usually restores it automatically. Utility suppresses demand at peak. Lowers cost. Reduces CAPEX. No problem with higher wind and solar penetration. Can manage distributed generation safely. Power Loss reduced by 2+% lowers emissions & customer bills. 6

7 Smart Grid Holistic Solutions Shared Services & applications Asset Optimization Demand Optimization Smart Meter & Comms Distribution Optimization Transmission Optimization Workforce & Engineering Design Optimization Interoperability Framework Transitioning from products/systems to holistic solutions 7

8 Smart Grid Technology Roadmap Distributed Energy Resource Manager EMS Real-Time Communications Backhaul Comms Backhaul Comms DMS OMS GIS Office FDIR IVVC OFR DPA DR WAMS Asset Mgr Hist Operations Bus Software Services Infrastructure Station Controller Local HMI Protection Relays Apps Transformer M&D FFA Mobile NMS Substations Volt Reg, LTC, Caps Wired/Wireless Substation Communications Router Smart Router Data Model Firewall Security Biz Services Apps Enterprise MDMS Internet Smart Router Design Tools Communications Infrastructure Backhaul Comms Switches & Breakers Mobile Smart Grid Base Volt/VAR Devices Smart Router Optimized Solutions Smart Meter Systems Demand Distribution Transmission Asset Workforce & Engr Design Software Services Infra Smart Meter Internet Consumers Gateway HAN Residential, Commercial & Industrial Utility Owned Smart Router Devices Gen & Store PMU Microgrid Controller Generation & Storage Other IEDs & I/O Reclosers & Switches Volt Reg & Caps Generation & Storage 8

9 Smart Meters/AMI Integration with GIS, OMS and DMS Smart Meters/AMI Meter Readings Voltage => DMS Last Gasp Communication => OMS GIS Network Model Information => OMS, DMS DMS Status Changes => OMS Customers Phone Calls => OMS Social Media => OMS 9

10 Integration of Renewables 10

11 Distributed Generation Industry Challenge A wide array of DG is creating unique challenges in the grid: two-way power flow, voltage regulation concerns. Power Generation Generation Switchyard Transmission Substation Distribution Substation End User Distribution controls and protection traditionally take advantage of and are designed only for uni-directional power flow 11

12 Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV on the Distribution System New Applications of Power Electronics (my Power Electronics magazine article August 22, 2013 issue) Substation Transformer On-line Tap Changer Low Voltage Network Dynamic Grid Edge Controllers Increased capability from Inverters The Death Spiral (Intelligent Utility magazine article November /December 2013 issue) Impact of High Penetration of Rooftop Solar PV in the State of Queensland, Australia 12

13 Big Data, Analytics and Enterprise Data Management 13

14 Managing Data => Operational Data Data that represents the real-time status, performance, and loadingof power system equipment This is the fundamental information used by system operatorsto monitor and control the power system Examples: Circuit breaker open/closed status Line current (amperes) Bus voltages Transformer loading (real and reactive power) Substation alarms (high temperature, low pressure, intrusion) 14

15 Managing Data => Non-Operational Data Data items for which the primary user is someone other than the system operators(engineering, maintenance, etc.) Note that operators are usually interested in some data that is classified as non-operational Examples of Non-Operational data: Digital fault recorder records (waveforms) (protection engineer) Circuit breaker contact wear indicator (maintenance) Dissolved gas/moisture content in oil (maintenance) 15

16 Characteristics of Operational and Non-Operational Data Characteristic Operational Data Non-Operational Data Data Format Usually limited to individual time sequenced data items Usually a data file that consists of a collection of related data elements Real Time vs Historical Data Integration Usually consists of realtime or near real-time quantities Easily transportable by conventional SCADA RTUs using standard (non-proprietary) protocols Mostly historical data: trends over time Typically use vendor specific (proprietary) formats that are not easily transported by SCADA communication protocols 16

17 Device and System Integration GE Proprietary Copyright 2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. 17

18 Enterprise Data Management GE Proprietary Copyright 2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. 18

19 Industry Standards Vision 19

20 Example: Standards Framework National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Smart Grid Conceptual Reference Model Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) Organizational Structure 20

21 Smart Grid Foundational Standards 21

22 Substation Automation Concepts 22

23 Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers) 23

24 Substation Integration and Automation Levels Utility Enterprise Substation Automation Applications IED Integration Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) Implementation Power System Equipment (Transformers, Breakers) 24

25 Integration Integration of protection, control and data acquisition functions into a minimal number of platforms to reduce capital and operating costs, reduce panel and control room space, and eliminate redundant equipment and databases Must Integrate Before You Automate! 25

26 Automation Deployment of substation and feeder operating functions and applications ranging from SCADA and alarm processing to integrated volt/var control in order to optimize the management of capital assets and enhance operation and maintenance (O&M) efficiencies with minimal human intervention 26

27 Operational and Non-Operational Data Paths Enterprise Value Proposition Workstation Workstation Workstation Operational Data Engineering PC Modem Data Firewall Router Firewall Data Server Server Non- Operational Data Server Data Warehouse Radio tower TCP/IP Corp WAN Data Concentrator Local HMI Router Substation Value Proposition IED IED IED IED 27

28 Substation Automation - Three Utility Case Studies 28

29 Automatic Load Restoration: Supply Line Sectionalizing Nature of the Problem Distribution substations often tapped off supply line without high side breaker or high side protection Considerable load may be out of service until field crews arrive on scene Objectives Identify faulted section of supply line Isolate faulted section Restore supply to substations fed off unfaulted section of supply line 29

30 Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System 30

31 Supply Line Sectionalizing Permanent Fault Occurs SA System 31

32 Supply Line Sectionalizing Line Protection Operates SA System 32

33 Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System Line Protection Reports Fault Location 33

34 Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System Opens Appropriate MOD SA System 34

35 Supply Line Sectionalizing SA System SA System Sends Reclose Signal 35

36 Automatic Load Restoration: Supply Line Sectionalizing Potential Benefits Reliability Improvement Restore service to substations that are without power due to supply line fault as quickly as possible Outage duration reduced from 30 minutes to 1 or 2 minutes Reduce Capital Expenditures Avoid cost of high voltage circuit breakers and high side protection scheme at tapped substations 36

37 Integrated Protection Functions Objective:Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (IEDs) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN Traditional (Electromechanical) Approach AC Hardwired DC Bus Diff Relay AC Hardwired DC 37

38 Integrated Protection Functions Objective:Incorporate protection functions in the SA System Basic protection units (IEDs) exchange current/voltage data via high speed LAN Relay trip signals exchanged over LAN Integrated IED Approach AC Relay IED Local Area Network Current/Voltage meas; Status/Trip signals Relay IED DC DC 38

39 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Source at Remote End 39

40 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Fault Source at Remote End 40

41 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Source at Remote End 41

42 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Source at Remote End 42

43 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Breaker Failure Source at Remote End 43

44 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source Hardwired 69kV Bus Hardwired B F Prot Relay IED O C Breaker Failure Source at Remote End 44

45 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source Hardwired 69kV Bus Hardwired B F Prot Relay IED O C Breaker Failure Source at Remote End 45

46 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Breaker Failure Source at Remote End 46

47 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source Prot Relay IED 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Prot Relay IED Substation LAN 47

48 Integrated Protection Breaker Failure 115kV Source Prot Relay IED 69kV Bus Prot Relay IED O C Prot Relay IED Substation LAN GOOSE Messages 48

49 PG&E Substation of the Future 49

50 Thank You! 50