Distributed Disaster Response

Transcription

1 Distributed Disaster Response Presented to the Transportation Safety Advisory Group 16 December 2010 Gregory Hogan IEEE HST This research is sponsored by the United States Air Force under United States Air Force under Contract FA C The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or procedure of the United States Government.

2 Disaster Response Challenges Command Levels* Complexity Command & Control Challenges HazMat Wildland Fire Medical Response Massive Earthquake Train Wreck Scale Extreme Events Fire Siege Resource Challenges First Responder Mission Safety Rescue Restore order Protect property Challenges Complexity Multi agency Ad hoc teams Interoperability Scale Responders Military Civilians K 10K 100K Number of Responders Harsh Environments Technical Challenge: Organize, coordinate, and command the efforts of dozens of agencies and thousands of responders IEEE HST *Assumes 5 person span of command (nominal Incident Command System standard)

3 Approach to Developing Technology & Operational Concepts First Responder Technology Enhance System New Capabilities Impact on CONOPS Ongoing opportunities to identify and test new technical and CONOPS solutions Rapid prototyping Evaluations in realistic and representative operational settings Feedback Understand Problem Domain Testbed Evaluation Operations Staff Rides Case Studies Table Top Exercises IT Infrastructure New Technology System Integration Tabletop Exercises Field Experiments Full Scale Exercises Support Operations Field Evaluations Approach successfully applied to implement solutions that improve incident response IEEE HST

4 Lincoln Distributed Disaster Response Program Overview and Approach FY08 FY09 FY10 Understand Problem Space Develop Rapid Prototype Demonstrate Capability Enhance Prototype National Response Test Bed Develop understanding of mission area Identify capability gaps Address capability gaps Leverage Lincoln strengths to rapidly develop prototype system Evaluate through representative disaster scenario Solicit feedback to assess strategy and make refinements Integrate new sensors and features Focus on system robustness and reliability IEEE HST

5 Outline Understand Problem Space Develop Rapid Prototype Demonstrate Capability Enhance Prototype National Response Test Bed IEEE HST

6 Partnering With Experience California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Wildland Fires as Extreme Event Initial Focus Forward-Leaning Operational Partner Massive Earthquake Extreme Events Wildland Fire Complexity HazMat Train Wreck Medical Response ,000 Number of Responders Fire Siege Initial Focus Responsibility Area Incidents Personnel 7000 Engines 1000 Aircraft million acres 350,000 / year 2007/2008 Budget $869 M Wildfire focus due to study suitability and CAL FIRE engagement Frequent, seasonal occurrence at well-defined locations IEEE HST

7 Understand Problem Space Data Analysis Fire Ground Tours Table Top Exercises (Spring-Summer, 2008) (Spring 2008) (Spring-Summer, 2009) Operator interviews Archived radio communications Reports and incident maps Imagery (ground and aerial) Logistics Human factors Actual terrain, environment Operator TTPs Multi-agency interactions Approach focused on operators experience to identify key needs IEEE HST

8 Need for Situational Awareness Rank Unit Chief Division Chief Captain Capability Gaps (Enterprise Wide) At-Risk Assessment Multi-Agency Scalability Resource and Asset Tracking Decision Support Collaborative Information Sharing Stand-off sensors and data Terrain \ Environment Knowledge Locations and Routing Solution Opportunity Situational Awareness & Collaboration Network Cross-echelon Intuitive operation Distributable Scalable All-risk Robust Affordable Upgradable Primary assessed gaps stem from lack of situational awareness IEEE HST

9 Situational Awareness Architecture Vision Airborne Imagers Sensors Real-Time Tracking Environment Domain Services Common Services Collaboration Visualization Boots on the Ground New Capabilities Alerts Resource Broker Communications Backbone Command Centers C2 Nodes Data Archive Core Services Modeling and Data Processing Distributed Fixed and Mobile Simulation, Gaming, Training Decision Support Services Net-centric, service oriented framework All-risk Multi-agency Unanticipated users / data sources IEEE HST

10 Emergency Response Framework Vision National Guidance Federal Policy Guidelines National Response Framework (NRF) National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) Enterprise Technologies and Standards Virtual USA, UICDS* Standards : CAP, EDXL, GJXDM, NIEM, IEEE1512 LDDRS Tactical Service Oriented Architecture Open system architecture Rapid sensor updates (few minute latency or less) Real-time collaboration (latency of a second or less) Scalable to unanticipated users and multiple agencies User Requirements First Responders CAL FIRE Local Law Enforcement Custom and Border Protection *Unified Incident Command and Decision Support Lincoln Distributed Disaster Response System Common Alerting Protocol, Emergency Data exchange Language, Global Justice XML Data Model, National Information Exchange Model IEEE HST

11 Outline Understand Problem Space Develop Rapid Prototype Demonstrate Capability Enhance Prototype National Response Test Bed IEEE HST

12 Distributed Disaster Response System 7 Month Prototype Development Remote Command Centers Multiple, distributed servers Cellular EO/IR Imagery and Full Motion Video Wide Area IR Wave Relay Internet C 2 displays Position Location Collaboration Position Location Mobile Displays Tactical Net-Centric Service Bus Services Geo-Referenced Imagery Video Weather Time-Space- Whiteboards Position Information Fire History Maps Geographic Information System IEEE HST Physical layer Transport layer Software layer

13 Technologies Integrated Airborne Imagers Communication Displays \ Interfaces Wide Area IR (USFS FireMapper) Tactical EO/IR Video Ruggedized Laptops w\evdo (Cellular) Wave Relay High-Throughput Datalink MIT LL Web App Google Earth App Air Surveillance Image Viewer Ground Data Collaboration Web Tools Real-Time Message Bus GPS Enabled Vehicles Share Maps Software Stack GPS Enabled Phones Share Drawings Weather GIS Databases Chat Multiple Server Hosts IEEE HST

14 Real-Time Wide Area IR Surveillance Existing Capability Research platform run by US Forest Service GlobalStar FireMapper IR Imager Fire Map Narrowband IR (11 µm, 900 C sat.) 5 meter ground resolution 320 x 240 pixel micro-bolometer 2km x 5km image per minute ~ 2 hours Image Analyst Enhancements Geo-referenced image viewer Automated image stitching and interpretation Derived from Constant Hawk Real-time 2-way data link Imagery widely-distributable and accessible Internet < 5 minutes Ground Station End User Displays Transformed research platform to an operational asset IEEE HST

15 Real-Time Full Motion Video Existing Capability Air Attack CAL FIRE OV-10 Bronco Mission: Air Command and Control Crew: Pilot and Air Attack Commander Enhancements COTS EO/IR Camera Geo-referenced imagery Sub-meter resolution Real-time 2-way data link Real-time video streamed to the ground Selectable control of camera pointing by either air attack commander or ground personnel Imagery widely-distributable and accessible Kneeboard Display Cloudcap Technology Gimbaled EO\IR Camera VIS LWIR Pixels 380K 324x256 FOV Updates Gimbal 30 FPS 200 /sec slew Geo-referenced (to 2 ) Track-on-target Internet Ground Station End User Displays Expanded Air Attack mission to include real-time surveillance IEEE HST

16 Position Location Mobile App Service Oriented approach enables rapid feature integration Exploit software reuse Fast technology refresh COTS Hardware Lincoln Distributed Disaster Response Situation Displays Two day Lincoln SOA integration COTS Application Service Oriented Architecture enabled rapid initial integration; Subsequent integration of different phone type (Android G1) took 5 minutes IEEE HST

17 Web-Based Displays IEEE HST

18 Outline Understand Problem Space Develop Rapid Prototype Demonstrate Capability Enhance Prototype National Response Test Bed IEEE HST

19 Limited Objective Experiment 4-6 August 2009 Gavilan Fire Experimental Objectives Demonstrate (and see first-hand) system utility in an operationally relevant setting Probe impact on CONOPS through focused scenarios Identify opportunities to improve and expand system through operator feedback and surveys 40 Operators CAL FIRE US Forest Service RC Sherriff 30 Observers DHS S&T NORAD-NORTHCOM Local/Tribal Agencies Academia (UCSD / SDSU) Timeline Initial Dispatch Coordinated Response Focused Scenarios IEEE HST Call Dispatch Orienting to Incident Evacuation Planning Air Attack Structure Protection Critical Infrastructure Protection Search and Rescue

20 Orienting to the Incident Current Operations New Capability Voice reports Face-to-face meetings, paper maps Distributable, accessible, persistent reports Remote collaboration, digital maps, distributed whiteboarding IEEE HST Operational Impact: Dynamic Incident Action Planning Timeline 2 hrs

21 Coordinated Response Inter-Agency Collaboration Evacuation Planning and Coordination Current Operations New Capability Deficient inter-agency interaction leading to duplicate (and risky) efforts Operational Impact: Accommodating Unanticipated Users & Enabling Pick-Up Teams Timeline 2 hrs IEEE HST Interoperable cross-agency web collaboration

22 Airborne Imager US Forest Service FireMapper Wave Relay Data Link (COTS) End User Displays Air Surveillance Officer Internet Current Operations Fire location and rate of spread known with roughly half a day latency Time-consuming helicopter tour of fire line for Incident Commander New Capability Real-time imagery providing fire location, intensity and rate of spread Remote monitoring of fire behavior by all levels of response IEEE HST Operational Impact: Real-Time Threat Mapping Timeline 2 hrs

23 Incident Within an Incident Search and Rescue Structure Protection School Critical Infrastructure Protection 500 kv Transmission Line Current Operations New Capability Focus on immediate situation; Halt all other operations Visual sighting and voice description by Air Attack Commander IEEE HST Remote monitoring by all levels of response Real-time, widely-distributable, accessible and persistent airborne imagery Operational Impact: Remote Incident Management Timeline 2 hrs

24 Overall Outcome After Action Review Operational Tests Lockheed Fire, August 2009 Winchester Fire, August 2009 Potential to enhance mission effectiveness widely recognized Strong commitment to continue testing, refinement, evolution Technology employed by operators on several fires Winchester, Highway, Oak Glen, Pendleton, Lockheed,... IEEE HST

25 Outline Understand Problem Space Develop Rapid Prototype Demonstrate Capability Enhance Prototype National Response Test Bed IEEE HST

26 Enhanced LDDRS Web Interface Collaborative Web-Based Environment Sensors (Imagery, PLI, ) Maps Collaboration Tools Data Layers Text Chat CONOPS Report Integration Multi-Incident Support... Dynamic Incident Action Plan Pick-Up Teams Real-Time Threat Mapping Remote Incident Management IEEE HST

27 Real-Time Full Motion Video Fixed Site ICP Centric Mobile-Ready Fixed site in Cuyamaca mountains Direct Comm to the internet (tested with UCSD HPWREN) Limited operational success; requires many fixed sites Demonstrated at 2009 LOE Rapid deployment and setup of tracking antenna enables fixed comm link between aircraft and ICP/internet Vehicles with Packaged Portable Ground Unit Short-haul link enables direct comm between aircraft and multiple vehicles Requires no setup Useful for initial attack mode IEEE HST

28 National Response Test Bed Technologies Sensors IR\Visible\Lidar Radar Chem\Bio Seismic Communications Decision Support Resource Management Resource Brokering Alert Services SIGINT, GEOINT Networks Net-centric architectures Tactical SOAs Disruption-tolerant Peer-to-Peer Social Networks IEEE HST Rapidly Deployable Airborne Comm Nodes Wireless Mesh Networks Human-Machine Interface Data Visualization Robotics Imagery analysis Data Exploitation Geospatial information Architecture and CONOPS Analysis Disaster-Specific Operations

29 Recent Operational Tests Cowboy Fire MVU009767, 2-6 September acre fire 50 miles East of San Diego, CA LDDRS used by operators in the field and at the Incident Command Post Provided first official incident map hours ahead of standard CONOPS Public Information Officer used LDDRS to address the media Cowboy Fire in San Diego Country IEEE HST

30 Development Path Path Forward All-Risk Multi-Agency Collaborative Command Southern California Distributed Testbed Limited Objective Experiment Operational Tests across Riverside and San Diego Counties IEEE HST

31 Summary Large-scale disasters challenge national response capabilities Key challenge stems from lack of situational awareness resulting in deficient command and control Distributed Disaster Response test bed provides an architectural framework for enhancing national response capabilities Successful Limited Objective Experiment, conducted in August 2009, demonstrated real-time SA utility in a realistic operational setting 2010 field evaluations in Southern California have led to broader interest, e.g. San Diego, Orange and LA counties IEEE HST