Playbook. The Internet Peering. Connecting. William B. Norton. to the Core of the Internet. DrPeering Press. Copyright 2014 by William B.

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2 Connecting Introduction Internet Optimal Gaming MultiHoming Renegotiate Play Resell Secret Internet Capture viii Contents About the Front Cover Foreword to the 2014 Edition ii xiv At a Glance Acknowledgements Preface Note to the Reader xvii xviii xxiii Section I to the Edge of the Internet.1 Chapter 1 3 Chapter 2 Transit 7 Introduction to Internet Transit 7 Internet Transit Service Model 7 Internet Transit Pricing Model 9 Variability in Internet Transit Service 15 Implementation Model for the Internet Transit Service 16 Observations about Internet Transit 17 Chapter 3 Internet Transit Playbook 19 Introduction 19 Edge "Tricks of the Trade" 19 Transit Tactic 1 Transit Tactic 2 Transit Tactic 3 Transit Tactic 4 Transit Tactic 5 Transit Tactic 6 Transit Tactic 7 Transit Tactic 8 Transit Tactic 9 Transit Tactic 10 Internet Transit 21 the 95th Percentile MultiYear Contracts 29 the Market 30 Transit 31 Sauce Transit 32 Build into Cheap Transit Internet Region 33 Transit Troughs 35 Content and Access Customers 37 Transit Tactic 11 ShortTerm Transit 39 Transit Tactic 12 Deploy Trial Gear into Operational Environment 40

3 Credibility Exchange Existing Regional Connecting Selecting Public ix Section II to the Core of the Internet 43 Chapter 4 Internet Peering 45 Introduction 45 Internet Peering 46 Three Key Points about Internet Peering 49 Top Five Motivations to Peer 50 Internet Peering Process 52 IXP Peering Cost Model 63 Chapter 5 Business Case for Peering 69 Cost of Peering 69 Calculating the Cost of Peering 71 Generalized Analysis 72 Peering vs. Transit Economics 72 Chapter 6 an IXP 79 Introduction 79 1 Telecommunications Access Deployment Process 82 ISP Current Presences Operations Support 84 Business Alignment 85 6Cost Population 88 vs. Emerging Exchange 89 Route Strength 89 One Final Note 89 Chapter 7 vs. Private Peering 91 Introduction 91 Top 3 Reasons Public Peering Is Better Than Private Peering 92 Top 5 Reasons Private Peering Is Better Than Public Peering 94 Hybrid Approach (Public + Private Peering) 96

4 Cable X Section III Global Internet Peering Ecosystem 99 Chapter 8 20th Century Internet Peering Ecosystem 101 First Peering 101 NSFNETEra Internet Peering, NSFNET Transition Ecosystem, Early Commercial Internet Model 103 PostNSFNET Internet in the GrowingPains Era, Chapter 9 Global Internet Peering Ecosystem 109 Global Internet Peering Ecosystem 109 Internet Peering Ecosystem Ill Base Internet Peering Ecosystem 125 Chapter 10 21st Century Internet Peering Ecosystem 127 Evolution #1 Evolution #2 Cable Companies Peer with Each Other 127 LargeScale NetworkSawy Content Providers Peer 131 Evolution #3 Companies Peer Directly with LargeScale Network Sawy Content Providers 133 Evolution #4 CDNs Dominate Traffic Volume 134 Evolution #5 Video Internet Is Activated 136 Evolution #6 Access Power Peering 137 Comcast Paid Peering 138 Is Comcast Paid Peering Required? 139 Netflix, Comcast and Level 3 Story 142 Act I. Introducing Netflix 142 Act II. Level 3 Wins Netflix Contract 142 Act III. Level 3 Requires More Peering Capacity 143 Act IV. Comcast Denies Free Peering Capacity 144 Denouement. Level 3 Pays Comcast for Peering 145 Problem with Access Power Peering 146 Official Story 147

5 xi Section IV Tricks of the Trade: Playbooks 149 Chapter 11 ISP Peering Playbook 151 Introduction 151 Graphical Representation of the Plays 152 Internet Service Provider Peering Playbook 158 Tactic 1. Extended DirectApproach 159 Tactic 2. Internet Transit with Peering Migration 165 Tactic 3. EndRun Maneuver 166 Tactic 4. Bundle Internet Transit with Peering 168 Tactic 5. Buy Transit from Restrictive Tier 1 ISP 169 Tactic 6. Transitional Paid Peering 171 Tactic 7. PartialRoute Internet Transit 172 Tactic 8. Play Chicken 173 Tactic 9. Traffic Manipulation 176 Tactic 11. Be Open. Loudly. 182 Tactic 12. Be Everywhere 183 Tactic 13. Get Traffic 184 Tactic 14. FriendshipBased Peering 185 Tactic 15. Spam Peering Requests 187 Tactic 16. Honey Approach Be Sweet 189 Tactic 17. Purchase a WellPeered ISP 190 Tactic 18. BaitandSwitch 192 Tactic 19. False Peering Outage 193 Tactic 20. Leverage Broader Business Arrangement 195 Tactic 21. Overseas Power Play 196 Tactic 22. Construct Peering from Transit 199 Defensive Peering Tactics 200 Tactic 23. Defensive Tactic Tactic 24. Defensive Tactic Do Not Peer in Your Home Market 200 Protect Peering Policy 201 Tactic 25. Defensive Tactic Change & Escalate Peering Prerequisites 202 Tactic 26. MILD Defensive Tactic 203 Tactic 27. Congest Transit Pipes 206 Peering Tactics That Don't Work 208

6 xii Chapter 12 Taxonomy of Data Centers 211 Basic Data Center Model 212 Real Estate 213 Security Systems 224 Power Systems 230 HVAC Systems 235 Data Center Operations 238 Networked Data Center 245 CarrierNeutral Data Center 246 Internet Data Center 249 An ISP and CarrierNeutral Internet Data Center 251 Colocation vs. Wholesale IDC 254 Colocation Providers 257 European IXP Model 258 U.S. IXP Model 262 Chapter 13 IXP Playbook 273 Value of an IXP 273 IXP Playbook Tactics 281 Tactic 1. Bluff the Size of the Population 282 Tactic 2. Build a Network Umbilical for Later IXP Migration 284 Tactic 3. Group BuyIn 286 Tactic 4. BuyIn Key Players 287 Tactic 5. Divide and Conquer 289 Tactic 6. Beachhead Verticals and Niche Markets 291 Tactic 7. Extend the Dominant IXP 293 Tactic 8. Prevent Rogue IXPs 294 Tactic 9. Run With the In Crowd 295 Tactic 10. Bundling 297 Tactic 11. Build and Maintain Population Stickiness 298 Tactic 12. Strengthen Peering Population 301 Tactic 13. Demonstrate Leadership 304 Tactic 14. Purchase Data Center During Downturns 306 Tactic 15. Drop Peering Cost 307 Tactic 16. Price on Value 309 What Has Not Worked 310

7 Remote Section V Advanced Chapter 14 Peering Topics 313 Peering 315 Traditional Internet Peering Model 315 Remote Peering Model 318 Traditional Peering vs. Remote Peering 322 Remote Peering Use Cases 324 Protected or Unprotected Transport Options 331 Implications of Remote Peering to the Internet Peering Ecosystem 331 Great Remote Peering Debate 336 Chapter 15 International Peering 339 Simplifying the International Peering Strategy 339 An International Peering Model 339 Traffic Flows 342 International Interconnection Strategies 347 Peering in Emerging Internet Peering Ecosystems 349 Case Study African ISP A Expands into London 350 International Peering for Content Providers 354 Chapter 16 Future 357 Internet Transit in Internet Peering in Answers to Practice Questions 365 About DrPeering Press 371

Understanding Remote Peering Tuesday, July 23 1:00 PM (ET)

USTelecom Webinar: Understanding Remote Peering Tuesday, July 23 1:00 PM (ET) Presented by William B. Norton Chief Strategy Officer, International Internet Exchange (IIX), Executive Director, DrPeering