Introduction to Computers and Internet. CCS CMPTR Chapter 1

Transcription

1 Introduction to Computers and Internet CCS CMPTR Chapter 1

2 Assignments for C1 IP Cycle, Microsoft Word Smart Art Illustration 1 (data vs information) Illustration 2 (hardware vs software) MLA paper Computer Careers Types of Computers Table Types of Computers Smart Art Use a numbered list to answer end of chapter questions Create a Google mail account and access the SkyDrive; upload C1 files to your SkyDrive; delete files from SkyDrive; edit files at home or school; use tablet with SkyDrive Go to and generate a PDF of flash cards for chapter vocabulary

3 Lecture Shortcuts What is a computer IP Cycle Data or Information Assignment 1 Smart Art Hardware vs. Software Assignment 2 Illustrations Computer User Assignment 3 MLA paper Computer Careers Types of Computers Assignment 4 Table summarizing types of Computers Assignment 5 Smart Art types of computers Internet Student Computers and Society Assignment 6 End of Chapter Questions Assignment 7 Vocabulary PDF Microsoft Word Lecture

4 What is a computer? Programmable, electronic device

5 What is a computer s primary operations? Accepts data Performs operations on data Presents results Stores data

6 Primary Computer Operations = Information Processing Cycle

7 What is Information Processing Cycle? Input Entering data into computer Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone Processing Performing Operations on Computer CPU Output Presenting Results Monitor, printer, speaker Storage Saving data for future use Hard drive, flash drive, CD

8 Example of IP Cycle Input Type the number 3 and 5 into Excel spreadsheet Processing Computer adds Output Results are shown on Excel sheet on the monitor Storage Results are saved on student drive, flash drive, or hard drive

9 Input Grocery item is scanned at checkout on bar code reader Example 2 of IP Cycle Processing Description and price of item is looked up Output Item description and price show up on the check out screen and printed on receipt Storage Inventory, ordering, and sales records are updated

10 Your Turn Using Google, find images which reflect each part of the Information Processing Cycle. Save them to your network drive (jpg file type) Using Microsoft Word, use Smart Art and create a document that describes the IP Cycle. Example: IP CYCLE Save the document as a web page filtered on the M drive within the CCS/IPCYCLE folder Create Smart Art with Microsoft Word Common Core: (RI.3., RI.4., RI.10 )

11 What is fifth computer Communication operation?

12 Communication Sending and retrieving data over internet Can be considered input or output

13 Data or Information? Data is input to computer School secretary adds freshman to CHS grading system; individual name is data Data is processed Guidance places students into classes (data is now information: who is in class?) Klaas inserts grades for each assignment; they are computed for class grades (meaningful information) Information is output Students, parents, guidance, etc. retrieves grades answering is student passing Computer efficiently generates requested information for several different groups

14 What is Information Processing? The conversion of data into information

15 What is Hardware and Software? Hardware Physical parts of computer Monitor, CPU, printer, keyboard, mouse Software Programs or instructions Application tells the computer what to do Application tasks: Creating letters Preparing budgets Managing inventory Playing games Watching videos Listening to music Creating student schedules Checking Using Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest

16 Your Turn Use the illustrations group on the Insert ribbon Create Illustrations with Microsoft Word Create an illustration that defines the difference between data and information; save as lastname datainfo in class directory Create a second illustration that defines the difference between hardware and software; save as lastname hardsoft in class directory Include a photo, a title, a definition, and an example of each. Example What is an Illustration? An example serving to clarify or prove something. A graphic illustration. Common Core: (RI.3., RI.4., RI.10, L.6 )

17 People using a What is a Computer User? computer to perform tasks or get information

18 Examples of Computer Users Student or parent checking grades Teacher inputting grades System Analyst designing a system Accountant doing taxes Geographic Information System employee building a map Construction Manager checking materials and work progress Policeman writing a ticket Subway employee checking out customers Doctor using a tablet to enter and retrieve patient data

19 Your turn: What does an Information Processing career look like? Go to the Bureau of Labor Statistics: Select Computer and Information Technology Select a career area Find job summary Entry level education Median pay Job outlook. Find College that offers education for career area Locate HS requirements to enter that college. Write a one page MLA paper summarizing the information. Use Microsoft Word s References tool for the citations and Works Cited Transform the information in the paper into a PowerPoint using presentation guidelines Common Core: (W.2, W.6, W.7, W.8, W.9, SL.5, SL.6, L.1, L.6)

20 Your Turn Create a table in Microsoft Word Insert a table with seven columns and seven rows Setup the table as landscape Center the page horizontally and vertically Provide a title with a heading 1 style, center and 22 point size As the lecture proceeds, fill in the table The first row should have the names of each computer type Second and subsequent rows will summarize the lecture After the lecture, research using the Internet and update the data in the table. Delete or add rows and/or columns as necessary Select a table style from the design (table tools) menu Common Core: (W.4, W.8, SL.3, L.6 )

21 Embedded Mobile What types of computers? Personal Computer (PC) Server Mainframe Supercomputer

22 What is a personal computer? Stand alone self sufficient unit designed to be used by one person at a time Widely used by business or individual Also called Desktop Platform: PC (Dell, HP) or MAC

23 Portable Computer Small Easily transported Outsells desktops today Examples Notebook (laptop) Screen, keyboard, DVD, battery all integrated Comparable to desktop in capabilities Netbooks Ultra portable, lighter and less powerful than notebook Do not have CD/DVD/keyboard Tablet Can be slate or convertible Size of notebook and has a touch display Ultra mobile PC Sometimes called handheld

24 What is an embedded computer? Very small computer embedded in a product Performs specific task Examples: dishwasher, car GPS system, washing machine, microwave, DVD player, television

25 What is mobile computer? Small communication device Mobile phone Nintendo DSi ipod They provide Continual access to Timely web content Music collections Telephone calls Text messages Pay for purchases

26 What is a portable computer? Notebook Size of paper Screen on top half of computer Light weight Tablet Slate (IPAD) or convertible (swivel screen) Netbook Mini notebook or laptop Smaller and less expensive Ultra mobile PC Handheld Smaller and lighter Internet Appliances Deliver web based information and gaming using Internet content Nintendo Wii

27 Host computers and programs on a network What is a server Serves many users at once Users connect with server through network Midrange server smaller than mainframe and it is used for a small organization At CHS: located in closet

28 Powerful computer used in large organizations What is a main frame? Manage large amounts of centralized data More expensive and powerful Thousands of users Located in climate-controlled data centers Network access during day Data processed at night

29 What is a super computer? Most powerful and expensive computer available Extraordinary speed, accuracy and processing capability Runs one program very fast Send astronauts into space Control missile guidance 3D medical imaging For example: U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos Lab in California ensures safety and reliability of nation s nuclear weapon stockpile Can be very expensive Cheaper to connect hundreds of desktops into a supercomputing cluster (P13)

30 Collection of computers and devices connected What is a network? to enable users to share hardware, software and data Many sizes and types For example: home network, business lab at CHS, entire Calhoun Unit 40 network, SIUE campus

31 Your turn: Types of Computers Create a graphic illustration in Microsoft Word Go to Google images Find one image for each type of computer Save images to student folder Using Microsoft Word, place the images in smart art like the one below Types of Computers Place your name in a footer with filename Save as a web page filtered under the CCS folder on the M drive in the Types of Computers folder Common Core: (L.6, W.8)

32 Hardware connected to make the largest and most well known network Internet Thousands of individual networks are connected Each access the other on a backbone infrastructure called the Internet

33 Collection of web pages What is the World Wide Web? available on the Internet Web Site: collection of web pages belong to one company Web Server: stores web pages; continually connected to Internet Web browser: allows viewing of web pages. For example: Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome Web page: document on web server

34 Difference between Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) Internet WWW Hardware connected via networks Software (all connected web pages)

35 Internet Service Providers What: Provide access to Internet backbone Who: AT & T Frontier Verizon Sprint

36 How can a network be accessed? User has a network adapter card in computer User has username and password User accesses Frontier s server through network adapter card Frontier's server asks users computer for login data User provides username and password and is granted access to Frontier s network

37 How can Internet be accessed? Internet Collection of individual networks Each network has a numeric Internet Protocol (IP) address IP address is unique number that identifies a computer Domain name is text based internet address uniquely identifies a computer TLD (Top level domain).edu,.org,.com,.gov,.mil,.net,.biz,.jobs (P17)

38 Common Internet Addresses IP addresses Numeric addresses identifies a computer Domain names Text based address identifies a computer; corresponds to IP address (calhoun.k12.il.us) URLs Uniform resource locator Specifies protocol (http or ftp) to display web page

39 Sample top-level domains (TLDs) Original TLDs Intended use.com Commercial businesses..edu Educational institutions.gov Government organizations.int International treaty organizations.mil Military organizations.net Network providers and ISPs.org Noncommercial organizations Newer TLDs Intended use.aero Aviation industry.biz Businesses.fr French businesses.info Resource sites.jobs Employment sites.mobi Sites optimized for mobile devices.name Individuals.pro Licensed professionals.uk United Kingdom businesses

40 Domain Name Example http is standard protocol identifier Calhoun.k12.il.us is the web server hosting the page Hs is the folder the high school page is in Index is the name of the high school page Exhibit 1-15

41 Pronouncing Internet Addresses Internet addresses frequently given verbally How to pronounce? If a portion of the address forms a recognizable word or name, it is spoken; otherwise, it is spelled out. i.e. calhoun sign is pronounced at The period (.) is pronounced dot The forward slash (/) is pronounced slash

42 What is URL? Uniform Resource Locator Uniquely identifies a web page Specifies the protocol or rules used to display a page Most common protocol HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) HTTPS = secure connection File transfer protocol: ftp

43 What is surfing the web? Using web browser to view pages Home page: first page viewed within an organization s web site Type URL into address bar of search engine to go to home page Use favorites to bookmark to keep the page

44 Domain Name Text based name corresponds with numeric IP address ( ) Domain name is registered Domain name parts are separated by a period Far right part of name is top level domain Identifies organization Edu for education, gov for government, com for business, jp for Japan, fr for France (P17)

45 Student Create at home or in IA Google or Hotmail account Use network id for For example: This will be used for class communication and to access the Google or Sky drive which will be used for creating and saving documents Send an to with your name in subject line to show creation of

46 Computers and Society Positive Society Changes Cars, microwaves, toys, phones, bikes Processing banking transactions Exploring space Computers smaller, faster, smarter Provided technological advances in medicine, car design, online classes, speech recognition Negative Society Changes Unsolicited s, harmful programs, legal and ethical issues, Big brother data collection and personal privacy (CIPS can lower thermostat remotely) Stress to body What is done with data collected?

47 Intellectual Property Rights Legal rights to intellectual property Copyright exclusive right to publish, reproduce, distribute, perform or display work Remain in effect 70 years Not required to display copyright notice Must obtain permission to use Review examples on Page 23 #1-20 Trademark Work phrase or symbol identifying a service or company (M in McDonalds) Plagiarism Presenting someone else s work as your own Ethics Standards of moral conduct include telling the truth, not stealing songs by downloading, not copying several copies of a software, not using school printer for personal use, not cheating

48 Environmental Concerns Green computing Environmental friendly computer use Minimize use of power and paper Energy Star Labels Servers and data centers use 1.5% of all electricity generated in U.S. Average house uses 100 per year powering electronics Unplug devices to save vampire costs Disposal of electronics P27

49 Your turn: Explore Concepts Complete questions Page 28 Use a numbered list Save as your last name C1 Questions Place name of file in footer Common Core: RI.1, RI.3, RI.4, RI.10, W.4, W.5, W.6, L.1, L.4, L.6

50 Vocabulary Computer Information processing cycle Input, output, processing, storage Data vs. information Hardware Software End user Types of computers and a description of what makes each unique as well as an example Internet vs. World Wide Web Web Site Web Page ISP IP address Domain name Web server Web browser URL Surfing the web Intellectual property rights Copyright Fair use Trademark Plagiarism Digital rights management software Digital watermarks Ethics Computer ethics Business ethics Repetitive stress injury Green computing Eco-label E-trash

51 Bibliography CMPTR by PINARD/ROMER unttype=none&inps=true&prodid=vrl&usergroupna me=ae88e4180c29c2e8%3a- 7778da4f%3A12cd5004cf2%3A1bcd&resultListType= RESULT_LIST&searchType=BasicSearchForm&content Segment= &docId=GALE &isETOC=true&hideSrchReults=true#

52 Word Concepts