LONG-TERM SITE WIND DATA REPORT. Thompson Island

Transcription

1 LONG-TERM SITE WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island January 1, 2005 December 31, 2005 Prepared for Massachusetts Technology Collaborative 75 North Drive Westborough, MA By Christopher N. Elkinton Anthony L. Rogers Anthony F. Ellis March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory 160 Governors Drive, (413)

2 NOTICE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (RERL) at the in the course of performing work sponsored by the Renewable Energy Trust (RET), as administered by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC), pursuant to work order number The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of MTC or the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, MTC, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and RERL make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. MTC, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and the contractor make no representation that the use of any product, apparatus, process, method, or other information will not infringe privately owned rights and will assume no liability for any loss, injury, or damage directly or indirectly resulting from, or occurring in connection with, the use of information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 1

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Notice and Acknowledgements... 1 Table of Contents... 2 Table of Figures... 3 Executive Summary... 4 SECTION 1 - Station Location... 5 SECTION 2 - Instrumentation and Equipment... 6 SECTION 3 - Data Collection and Maintenance... 7 SECTION 4 - Data Recovery and Validation... 8 Test Definitions... 9 Sensor Statistics SECTION 5 - Data Summary SECTION 6 - Graphs Wind Speed Time Series Wind Speed Distribution Monthly Average Wind Speeds Diurnal Average Wind Speeds Turbulence Intensities Wind Rose APPENDIX A - Sensor Performance Report Test Definitions Sensor Statistics: January 2005 December Sensor Statistics: January Sensor Statistics: February Sensor Statistics: March Sensor Statistics: April Sensor Statistics: May Sensor Statistics: June Sensor Statistics: July Sensor Statistics: August Sensor Statistics: September Sensor Statistics: October Sensor Statistics: November Sensor Statistics: December APPENDIX B - Plot Data Wind Speed Distribution Data Monthly Average Wind Speed Data Diurnal Average Wind Speed Data Wind Rose Data March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 2

4 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Site location on Thompson Island... 5 Figure 2 - Monitoring Station/Data Equipment at Thompson Island... 6 Figure 3 - Wind Speed Time Series, January 2005 December Figure 4 Wind Speed Distribution, January 2005 December Figure 5 Average Monthly Wind Speeds, January 2005 December Figure 6 Diurnal Average Wind Speeds, January 2005 December Figure 7 Turbulence Intensity vs. Wind Speed, January 2005 December Figure 8 - Wind Rose, January 2005 December March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 3

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY All the work presented in this Wind Data Report, including installation and decommissioning of the meteorological tower and instrumentation and the data analysis and reporting, were performed by the Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (RERL) at the. Wind monitoring equipment was first installed at Thompson Island in Due to planned construction by the Outward Bound School on the island, the monitoring tower was relocated in November 2001 from a central, inland site, to the current site, which is closer to the western shoreline, 4 m (13 ft) above sea level. Anemometers and wind direction vanes are installed at 25 and 40 m (82 and 131 ft) above the tower base. A temperature sensor and a solar sensor (pyranometer) are installed near the base. During the period covered by this yearly report, January 1, 2005 December 31, 2005, the mean recorded wind speed at 40 m was 5.9 m/s (13.2 mph) and the prevailing wind direction was from the southwest. The average turbulence intensity at 40 m was 0.15, which is typical for this site. The gross data recovery percentage (the actual percentage of expected data received) was 100.0% and the net data recovery percentage (the percentage of expected data which passed all of the quality assurance tests) was 97.4%. The vast majority of the invalid data were due to the failure of the primary anemometer at 40 m on November 10, The secondary anemometer has been used for the data analysis since that time. Additional information about interpreting the data presented in this report can be found in the Fact Sheet, "Interpreting Your Wind Resource Data," produced by RERL and the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (MTC). This document is found through the RERL website: * 1m/s = mph March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 4

6 SECTION 1 - Station Location Thompson Island is located in Boston Harbor, approx 2 ½ miles south of Logan Airport. It is home to the Outward Bound School of Boston. The 40 m (131 ft) monitoring tower is located at North, West (see Figure 1). The location is near the western shore of the island, located on a small bluff, 4 m (13 ft) above sea level. Figure 1 - Site location on Thompson Island March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 5

7 SECTION 2 - Instrumentation and Equipment The 40 m (131 ft) monitoring tower and associated equipment are supplied by NRG systems, with the exceptions of custom made anemometer booms, temperature sensor, and the FAAapproved L-810 warning light. The wind speed and direction were measured at both 25 and 40 m (82 and 131 ft) height. The monitoring equipment (Figure 2) consists of the following items: Model 9300 Cellogger, serial # 0568 Electrical enclosure box with 5 watt PV panel Yagi directional antenna and mount NRG 40m tower, 4.5 diameter model 4 #40 Anemometers, standard calibration (Slope 0.765, Offset 0.350) 2 - #200P Wind direction vanes (Slope 1.0, Offset 0.0) 1 Li-Cor Solar sensor (Slope 70.9, Offset 0.0) 1- Custom temp sensor (Slope , Offset ) 2 Sensor booms, 54 length at 25 m 2 - Sensor booms, 44 length at 40 m 2 Z masts, for vane mount Lightning rod and grounding cable Shielded sensor wire Figure 2 - Monitoring Station/Data Equipment at Thompson Island March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 6

8 The NRG 9300 system logger is equipped with a built-in cell phone so that the data can be transmitted weekly to a PC, located at the. The logger samples wind speed and direction once every second. These are then combined into 10- minute averages, and along with the standard deviation for those 10-minute periods, are put into a binary file. These binary files are converted to ASCII text files using the NRG software BaseStation. These text files are then imported into a database software program where they are subjected to quality assurance (QA) tests prior to using the data. SECTION 3 - Data Collection and Maintenance The following maintenance/equipment problems occurred during the year of 2005, and the following corrective action was taken: The primary anemometer at 40 m height, called Anem40a, failed on November 10, This failure is the cause of the lower than normal Net Data Recovery percentage. The secondary anemometer at 40 m, called Anem40b, is now the only sensor contributing to the mean wind speed at 40 m. The failed sensor will be replaced during the spring of A routine site visit was made on May 31. It was determined that the FAA light was not working properly. The FAA light was fixed on June 20. There were no other equipment or maintenance problems for the remainder of the year. No measurement of wind speed can be perfectly accurate. Errors occur due to anemometer manufacturing variability, anemometer calibration errors, the response of anemometers to turbulence and vertical air flow and due to air flows caused by the anemometer mounting system. Every effort is made to reduce the sources of these errors. Nevertheless, the values reported in this report have an expected uncertainty of about ± 2% or ± 0.2 m/s. The data statistics summary table gives the wind characteristics for each month of 2005 and also gives the overall annual 2005 wind characteristics, including mean wind speed, maximum wind speed, average turbulence intensity, prevailing wind direction, net data recovery for the anemometer at each level with the highest percentage of good data, and the average power law shear exponent. A complete description of net data recovery is given in Section 4. The sensor statistics for each month and the entire year of 2005 are in APPENDIX A. March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 7

9 Date Mean Wind Speed Max Wind Speed Data Statistics Summary Turbulence Intensity Prevailing Wind Direction 40 m 25 m [ ] [ ] Power Good Data Law Shear Exponent 40 m 25 m [%] [%] [ ] Heights units 40 m [m/s] 25 m [m/s] 40 m [m/s] 25 m [m/s] 40 m [ ] 25 m [ ] Jan NW NW Feb WNW WNW Mar W W Apr E E May NNE NNE Jun SW SW Jul SSW SSW Aug SW SW Sep SSW SSW Oct NE NE Nov SW SW Dec WSW WSW SW SW The data reported in the Data Statistics Summary table are only based on the percentages of good data indicated; missing data may skew these values. SECTION 4- Data Recovery and Validation All raw wind data are subjected to a series of tests and filters to weed out data that are faulty or corrupted. Definitions of these quality assurance (QA) controls are given below under Test Definitions and Sensor Statistics. These control filters were designed to automate the quality control process and used many of the previous hand-worked data sets made at UMass to affect a suitable emulation. The gross percentage of data recovered (ratio of the number of raw data points received to data points expected) and net percentage (ratio of raw data points which passed all QA control tests to data points expected) are shown below for the reporting period January 1 to December 31, Gross Data Recovered [%] Net Data Recovered [%] The high gross data recovery percentage indicates that the logger was performing well. The lower net data recovery is due to the failure of the primary anemometer at 40 m which began on November 10, March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 8

10 Test Definitions All raw data were subjected to a series of validation tests, as described below. The sensors tested and the parameters specific to each sensor are given in the Sensor Performance Report that is included in APPENDIX A. Data that were flagged as invalid were not included in the statistics presented in this report. MinMax Test: All sensors are expected to report data values within a range specified by the sensor and logger manufacturers. If a value falls outside this range, it is flagged as invalid. A data value from the sensor listed in Test Field 1 (TF1) is flagged if it is less than Factor 1 (F1) or greater than Factor 2. This test has been applied to the following sensors (as applicable): wind speed, wind speed standard deviation, wind direction, temperature, and solar insolation. F1 > TF1 > F2 MinMaxT Test: This is a MinMax test for wind direction standard deviation with different ranges applied for high and low wind speeds. A wind direction standard deviation data value (TF1) is flagged either if it is less than Factor 1, if the wind speed (TF2) is less than Factor 4 and the wind direction standard deviation is greater than Factor 2, or if the wind speed is greater than or equal to Factor 4 and the wind direction standard deviation is greater than Factor 3. (TF1 < F1) or (TF2 < F4 and TF1 > F2) or (TF2 F4 and TF1 > F3) Icing Test: An icing event occurs when ice collects on a sensor and degrades its performance. Icing events are characterized by the simultaneous measurements of nearzero standard deviation of wind direction, non-zero wind speed, and near- or belowfreezing temperatures. Wind speed, wind speed standard deviation, wind direction, and wind direction standard deviation data values are flagged if the wind direction standard deviation (CF1) is less than or equal to Factor 1 (F1), the wind speed (TF1) is greater than Factor 2 (F2), and the temperature (CF2) is less than Factor 3 (F3). To exit an icing event, the wind direction standard deviation must be greater than Factor 4. CF1 F1 and TF1 > F2 and CF2 < F3 CompareSensors Test: Where primary and redundant sensors are used, it is possible to determine when one of the sensors is not performing properly. For anemometers, poor performance is characterized by low data values. Therefore, if one sensor of the pair reports values significantly below the other, the low values are flagged. At low wind speeds (Test Fields 1 and 2 less than or equal to Factor 3) wind speed data are flagged if the absolute difference between the two wind speeds is greater than Factor 1. At high March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 9

11 wind speeds (Test Fields 1 or 2 greater than Factor 3) wind speed data are flagged if the absolute value of the ratio of the two wind speeds is greater is greater than Factor 2. [ TF1 F3 and TF2 F3 and abs(tf1 - TF2) > F1 ] or [ (TF1 > F3 or TF2 > F3) and (abs(1 - TF1 / TF2) > F2 or abs(1 - TF2 / TF1) > F2) ] Sensor Statistics Expected Data : the total number of sample intervals between the start and end dates (inclusive). Actual Data : the total number of data points recorded between the start and end dates. Recovered: the ratio of actual and expected data points (this is the gross data recovered percentage). Hours Out of Range: total number of hours for which data were flagged according to MinMax and MinMaxT tests. These tests flag data that fall outside of an expected range. Icing: total number of hours for which data were flagged according to Icing tests. This test uses the standard deviation of wind direction, air temperature, and wind speed to determine when sensor icing has occurred. Fault: total number of hours for which data were flagged according to CompareSensors tests. These tests compare two sensors (e.g. primary and redundant anemometers installed at the same height) and flag data points where one sensor differs significantly from the other. Good: the filter results are subtracted from the gross data recovery percentage to yield the net data recovered percentage. SECTION 5 - Data Summary This report contains several types of wind data graphs. Unless otherwise noted, each graph represents data at a height of 37 m (121.4 ft) for the entire year of The following graphs are included: Time Series In Figure 3, 10-minute average wind speeds are plotted against time for all data starting on January 1, 2005, at midnight through December 31, 2005, at 11:50 P.M. March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 10

12 Wind Speed Distribution A histogram plot giving the percentage of time that the wind is at a given wind speed is shown in Figure 4. This distribution has a maximum at approximately 5 m/s (11.2 mph). Monthly Averages A plot of the average monthly wind speed for each month of data is shown in Figure 5. This graph shows that for Thompson Island, October had the highest average monthly wind speed for the year: 6.9 m/s (15.4 mph). The lowest was in August 2005, with an average wind speed of 4.7 m/s (10.5 mph). Diurnal Average Wind Speeds Figure 6 is a plot of the average wind speed for each hour of the day. This graph shows the typical diurnal trend higher wind speeds in the afternoon, lower speeds in the morning. The peak for Thompson Island occurred between 2 PM and 3 PM. The minimum occurred around midnight and lasted until about 8 AM. Turbulence Intensity A plot of turbulence intensity as a function of wind speed is shown in Figure 7. Turbulence Intensity is calculated as the standard deviation of the wind speed divided by the 10-minute mean wind speed and is a measure of the gustiness of a wind resource. Lower turbulence results in lower mechanical loads on a wind turbine. The average wind speed of 5.9 m/s (13.2 mph) falls on the portion of the graph where the turbulence intensity curve has bottomed out, suggesting that, on average, this site experiences low turbulence intensities. For Thompson Island, the average turbulence intensity was 0.15, which is typical for coastal sites. Wind Rose Figure 8 is a plot, by compass direction, showing the percentage of time that the wind comes from a given direction and the average wind speed in that direction at the 40 m level. This wind rose shows that the prevailing wind direction at the 40 m level is from the southwest. Wind blew from this direction 10.2% of the time with a mean wind speed of 5.6 m/s (12.5 mph). March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 11

13 SECTION 6 - Graphs Data for the wind speed histogram and wind rose are included in APPENDIX B. Wind Speed Time Series 25 Thompson Island Wind Speed Time Series, 40 m 20 Wind Speed [m/s] Jan 2005 Apr 2005 Jul 2005 Time Oct 2005 Jan 2006 Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 3 - Wind Speed Time Series, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 12

14 Wind Speed Distribution 15 Thompson Island Wind Speed Distribution, 40 m 12 Percent Time [%] Wind Speed [m/s] Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 4 Wind Speed Distribution, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 13

15 Monthly Average Wind Speeds Mean Wind Speed [m/s] Jan 05 Thompson Island Average Wind Speeds, 40 m Feb 05 Mar 05 Apr 05 May 05 Jun 05 Jul 05 Aug 05 Sep 05 Oct 05 Nov 05 Dec 05 Month Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 5 Average Monthly Wind Speeds, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 14

16 Diurnal Average Wind Speeds 8 Thompson Island Diurnal Average Wind Speed, 40 m 7 Mean Wind Speed [m/s] Hour of Day Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 6 Diurnal Average Wind Speeds, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 15

17 Turbulence Intensities Thompson Island Turbulence Intensity, 40 m 1.4 Turbulence Intensity [ ] Wind Speed [m/s] Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 7 Turbulence Intensity vs. Wind Speed, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 16

18 Wind Rose Thompson Island Wind Rose, 40 m N 20 NW 15 NE W E SW 15 SE 20 S Percent Time [%] Mean Wind Speed [m/s] Plot by DQMS3 - dqms@dqms.com Figure 8 - Wind Rose, January 2005 December 2005 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 17

19 APPENDIX A - Sensor Performance Report Test Definitions Test Order Test Field1 Test Field2 Test Field3 Calc Field1 Calc Field2 Calc Field3 TestType 1 TimeTest Insert 2 Itmp2aDEGC MinMax Batt2aVDC MinMax Etmp3aDEGC MinMax EtmpSD3aDEGC MinMax Anem40aMS MinMax Anem40bMS MinMax Anem25aMS MinMax Anem25bMS MinMax Anem40yMS MinMax Anem25yMS MinMax AnemSD40aMS MinMax AnemSD40bMS MinMax AnemSD25aMS MinMax AnemSD25bMS MinMax AnemSD40yMS MinMax AnemSD25yMS MinMax Vane40aDEG MinMax Vane25aDEG MinMax Pyro3aWMS MinMax PyroSD3aWMS MinMax Turb40zNONE MinMax Turb25zNONE MinMax Wshr0zNONE MinMax VaneSD40aDEG Anem40yMS MinMaxT VaneSD25aDEG Anem25yMS MinMaxT Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC Icing Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC Icing Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Etmp3aDEGC Icing Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Etmp3aDEGC Icing Anem40aMS Anem40bMS CompareSensors Anem25aMS Anem25bMS CompareSensors Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 18

20 Sensor Statistics: January 2005 December 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Good Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 19

21 Sensor Statistics: January 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Good Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 20

22 Sensor Statistics: February 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Good Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 21

23 Sensor Statistics: March 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Good Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 22

24 Sensor Statistics: April 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Good Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 23

25 Sensor Statistics: May 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Good Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 24

26 Sensor Statistics: June 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Good Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 25

27 Sensor Statistics: July 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Good Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 26

28 Sensor Statistics: August 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Good Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 27

29 Sensor Statistics: September 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Good Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 28

30 Sensor Statistics: October 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Good Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 29

31 Sensor Statistics: November 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Good Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 30

32 Sensor Statistics: December 2005 Sensor Expected Data Actual Data Recovered Hours Out of Range Icing Fault Itmp2aDEGC Batt2aVDC Good Anem40aMS AnemSD40aMS Anem40bMS AnemSD40bMS Anem25aMS AnemSD25aMS Anem25bMS AnemSD25bMS Vane25aDEG VaneSD25aDEG Vane40aDEG VaneSD40aDEG Etmp3aDEGC EtmpSD3aDEGC Pyro3aWMS PyroSD3aWMS Total March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 31

33 APPENDIX B - Plot Data Wind Speed Distribution Data Bin Center Wind Speed [m/s] Percent of Time [%] Table 1: Wind Speed Distribution March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 32

34 Monthly Average Wind Speed Data Date Mean [m/s] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Table 2 - Wind Speed Averages March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 33

35 Diurnal Average Wind Speed Data Hour of Day Average Wind Speed [m/s] Table 3 - Diurnal Average Wind Speeds March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 34

36 Wind Rose Data Percent Time Mean Wind Speed Direction [%] [m/s] N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Table 4: Wind Rose, Time Percentage and Mean Wind Speed by Direction March 9, 2006 Renewable Energy Research Laboratory Page 35