TUTORIAL 03: RHINO DRAWING & ORGANIZATIONAL AIDS. By Jeremy L Roh, Professor of Digital Methods I UNC Charlotte s School of Architecture

Transcription

1 TUTORIAL 03: RHINO DRAWING & ORGANIZATIONAL AIDS By Jeremy L Roh, Professor of Digital Methods I UNC Charlotte s School of Architecture

2 Modeling in 3D requires the use of various drawing and organizational aids that allow objects to be visible, hidden, selectable, or locked. As you model, it is inevitable that objects will need to be hidden or locked to aid in your ability to see and select the items associated with the current task at hand. To be efficient, it is important to organize your model into layers and to understand how to edit an object s properties. Select the Edit Layers icon. Note that everyone has their own preference on how to separate a model into layers. Sometimes it depends on which objects you want to systematically hide or which object you want to have similar properties such as materials, transparency, or color. You will have to find an organizational method that works best for your project.

3 Layers are identified by name. Initially, a model contains a Default layer. As you add new layers, Rhino automatically names the layers as Layer 01, Layer 02, etc. Light bulbs turn layers on or off. The light bulb is yellow if the layer is on and blue if the layer is off. Turning a layer off hides the objects from view. The color in the circle indicates the color in which objects associated with that layer will render. This also opens the Material Editor dialog box where plugin materials, transparency, gloss, textures, bump maps, and environments can be edited. None of these properties will show up in the model viewport until the Render function is performed. The color in the square indicates the color associated with that layer. Objects within the model space will take on the color associated with its layer; as long as, the color of the object s properties are set to By Layer (object properties are explained later). Note that this layer color is NOT the color that will be rendered when making a presentation image of your model. Padlocks unlock or lock a layer. Locking a layer keeps the objects associated with that layer visible but not selectable. A layer is locked when the padlock is closed and gray. Layers are not locked when the padlock is open.

4 To hide or reveal specific layer categories within the layer dialog box, right mouse-click anywhere on the header. A menu will appear that allows you to check or uncheck the categories. By default, the layer dialog box will show Name, Current, On, Lock, Color, and Material. Other layer properties that are available include Material Library, Linetype, Print Color, and Print Width.

5 When material plugins are loaded into a layer within the Material Editor, the name of the material will show up in this column (more on this topic when rendering techniques are introduced). Each layer can show different linetypes as identified within the Document Properties dialog box under File and then Properties. Colors within the diamond indicate the color in which the lines or objects within Rhino will print. Print widths of 2D linetypes can be identified by layer as well. Note: Linetypes, Print Colors, and Print Widths will not be used within the course, but are identified here for your reference.

6 To create a New Layer left mouse-click on the first icon. A new layer will be created and will be highlighted in blue. At this point you can press Enter on the keyboard to except the layer name or you can rename the layer to anything name you wish. To make a layer the current active layer, double left mouse-click on the layer name. The current layer is identified by the name of the layer shown in BOLD text and a check mark appears after the name. Whenever new objects are drawn within the viewports, those items will take on the current active layer settings.

7 Layers can be grouped by holding down the left mouse button over a layer and while still hold down the button drag the layer over on top over another layer. In this example, the layer named Wall-01 is being dragged over the layer named Walls. See the next slide for the result.

8 When layers are grouped within another layer, these layers a called Sublayers. Sublayers are indented from the main layer and a box with a minus sign will appear next to the main layer. New sublayers can be created by clicking on the second icon called New Sublayer. A new sublayer will be created under the layer that is highlighted in blue.

9 Pressing (left mouseclick) the box with the minus sign as seen on the last slide will collapse the sublayers and only show the main layer. A box with a plus sign will now appear. By pressing the box with the plus sign, the sublayers will be revealed again.

10 The green block as seen on the previous screen is now turned off as a result of the light bulb being turned off in the layer dialog box for the layer called Wall-02. By left mouse-clicking on the light bulb associated with a layer, those objects will turn off or hide within the viewports.

11 Sublayers can be turned off all at once by turning off the main layer, also known as the Parent Layer. The light bulbs of sublayers turned off by the parent layer will show as half blue and half yellow. Sublayers can also be turned off individually as well. The red, green, and blue objects associated with the layers named, Wall-01, Wall-02, and Wall-03 have disappeared as a result of the main layer Walls being turned off.

12 Sublayers can be ungrouped by dragging the layer out into the white space of the layer dialog box. Sublayers can be ungrouped by also highlighting the sublayer and pressing the left arrow icon also called, Move Up One Parent.

13 To delete a layer, highlight the layer you wish to delete by left mouse-clicking on the layer name and then press the X icon.

14 By right mouse-clicking on the layer name, you can access additional options within a pop-up menu. For instance, you can also delete a layer here instead of using the X icon.

15 If objects are associated with the layer that you are attempting to delete, a dialog box will pop-up that asks if you want to continue with the operation. If you select Yes the layer and the objects associated with that layer will be deleted. This is a handy option for mass deleting objects throughout the model in one shot. It can also be dangerous if you aren t paying attention.

16 You can sort the order of layers within the layer dialog box by left mouse-clicking on the column heading. Layers can be sorted by Name, layers that are on or off, layers that are locked or unlocked, layers by color, layers by material, etc.

17 If you prefer another order for your layers instead of the options available by sorting with the column headers, you can highlight a layer and select the up or down arrow icons to move the layer up or down within the dialog box. You can turn off and on multiple layers by left mouse-clicking on a layer and then add more layers by left mouse-clicking while holding the SHIFT or CTRL keys. Holding the SHIFT key will select all the layers between the first selected layer and the last selected layer. Holding the CTRL key will select only that layer selected one at a time. This technique works for all the layer options; therefore, you could change multiple layers to one color, one material setting, etc.

18 You can filter the layers that are visible within the layer dialog box, by pressing the Filters icon. A pop-up menu will appear that indicates the options for filtering.

19 The Hammer icon will give you more pop-up menu options for the layers and layer dialog box. This is the same pop-up menus that are revealed when you right mouse-click on a layer name or the column headings. This is essentially another way of accessing the same options.

20 A dialog box will pop-up that gives you preset color options, a color wheel for other color options, or the option to enter in the RGB value. All colors are represented by a combination of Red, Green, and Blue values between To change the viewport display color of a layer, left mouse-click on the square.

21 This object was drawn on the current active layer, Wall-01 ; however, in this case, it needs to be changed to reside on layer, Wall-02. Occasionally, you may need to edit the actual properties of an object. For instance, if you have drawn certain object on the active layer but wish to move those objects onto another predefined layer. Left mouse-click on the Object Properties icon.

22 To activate the Properties box to show the properties of an object, you must first select the object by left mouseclicking on the object. A Properties dialog box will appear docked to the right side of the screen.

23 To change the object to another layer, left mouse-click on the down arrow after the layer name. Once the object(s) is selected, the Properties dialog box will change to reveal information associated with that object or objects.

24 The object changes to green indicating that it has been moved from layer Wall-01 to Wall-02. It is green because that is the color associated with layer Wall-02. Select the new layer that you want the object to be associated with from the pull down menu. Note that the pull down menu will only show the layers that have already been established. If you want the object to be on a new layer, you must first create the layer within the layer dialog box.

25 Since the layers, Wall-01, Wall-02, and Wall-03 are locked, the objects associated with those layers cannot be selected. In this instance, the selection box passes over 2D and 3D objects. The 3D objects are on locked layers; therefore, only the 2D objects are selected. Padlocks are closed and gray indicates that these layers are now locked.

26 Sometimes controlling an object s visibility and selectability requires additional options other than that offered by the layer dialog box. Rhinoceros offers a variety of options that can aid in your modeling efforts. Hover your cursor over the Hide Objects icon and hold down the left mouse button to pull out the toolbar flyout.

27 Step 2: Select the Hide Objects icon. Step 1: Make a selection of objects within the model.

28 To show all objects that have been hidden from view, select the Show Objects icon. As a result of the previous slide, all the objects that were previously selected have been hidden from view. You can continue to select objects and hide them as needed.

29 The objects are revealed.

30 Instead of showing all the objects at one time, it is possible to show only selected objects. The next few slides will represent these visibility steps. Step 2: Select the Hide Objects icon. Step 1: Make a selection of objects within the model again.

31 Select the Show Selected Objects icon. As a result of the previous slide, all the objects that were previously selected have been hidden from view.

32 Once the Show Selected Objects icon is pressed, the screen will temporarily swap the hidden and viewable objects. Essentially, the hidden objects are now temporarily visible and the visible objects become temporarily hidden. This command is asking you to select the hidden objects that you wish to make visible again. Select the objects that you wish to make visible. Continue to select the objects that you wish to make visible and press Enter on the keyboard when you are done selecting objects.

33 The previously hidden objects that were selected in the last slide are now revealed. The previously hidden objects that were selected in the last slide are now revealed.

34 Instead of hiding objects, you can lock the objects so that the objects remain visible but cannot be selected. Step 2: Press the Lock Objects icon. Step 1: Make a selection of objects within the model again.

35 To unlock all locked objects, press the Unlock Objects icon. The objects that are locked turn to a dark gray.

36 To unlock selected locked objects, press the Unlock Selected Objects icon. This tool works in a similar way to the Show Selected Objects command detailed previously in this tutorial.

37 In addition to the basic selection methods of windowing around objects, windowing through objects, and selecting each object individually; other methods of object selection exist to aid in modeling efficiency. To see all the selection methods, begin typing Sel into the command line and a pop-up menu will appear revealing all the specific selection methods available.

38 Some of the same selection commands shown in the last slide are available under the menu header Edit and then in the pull-out menu under Select Objects.

39 In all these selection methods, you can select all objects by the type of object. For instance, if you have drawn a lot of construction points to aid in your modeling efforts and you no longer need the points, you can Select Objects by Points and then press Delete on the keyboard. Furthermore, the same selection methods are available via a toolbar flyout.

40 Remember from the slides about layers, you can right mouse-click on a layer name and then choose Select Objects from the pop-up menu to select all the objects associated with that layer.

41 By default, all objects created do not contain a name. To enter a name, left mouse-click in the blank space after Name and type in whatever you would like the object to be called. This step is not necessary, but it is an option. Select the Object Properties icon. If you have entered a name for an object, you now have the choice to use the SelName command to select the object by its name. Multiple objects can have the same name as well. This selection method will ask you to type in the name of the object that you would like to select, press Enter, and then the object(s) with that name will be selected (remember this for scripting). Each object has its on set of properties that are associated with the make up of that object. By default, every object that is created will have its properties set to the properties of the layer that it is associated with. It is recommended that all objects created keep their properties set to By Layer because if you ever have to make changes, it is more efficient to globally change the properties instead of individually changing each object s properties one by one. At times, however, it may be necessary to deliberately modify the properties of an object to specify a name (important during scripting and selection methods) and to specify the direction and scale of material textures and bump maps (important during rendering).

42 The object is now yellow instead of the red color that was specified by the layer. Instead of having an object take on the color of the layer it is associated with, you can specify a unique color for that particular object by left mouse-clicking on the down arrow after the Display Color.

43 A dialog box will pop-up that gives you preset color options, a color wheel for other color options, or the option to enter in the RGB value. All colors are represented by a combination of Red, Green, and Blue values between Select Other to access the Select Color pop-up window.

44 Left mouse-click on the Object heading and a drop down selection menu will appear. Select Material. For each object, there are additional properties that can be set such as Material and Texture Mapping. Note that in this example there is an option called Bongo. This option is only available if you have the animation plugin, which is called Bongo.

45 By default, all object material properties are set to Assign by Layer, which means that the object takes on the material properties set by left mouse-clicking on the circle within the layer dialog box.

46 Set the Transparency to 50% and change the Color to Red. Note: These options do not change how an object is displayed in the viewport. These options are how the object will display during a render operation. We will explore rendering operations and the Texture, Transparency, Bump, and Environment options in upcoming tutorials. Set the object material properties to Assign by Basic and the items below will become active under the word Basic. These options allow you to set the Color, Gloss Color, Gloss Finish, and Transparency of an object s material when it is rendered. Gloss refers to the reflectivity of a material from 0 (matte) to 100 (glossy) percent and Transparency refers to the opacity of a material from 0 (opaque) to 100 (transparent) percent.

47 In the last slide, the object s transparency was set to 50% and the color was set to red. To see a quick rendition of the result, right mouse-click on the name of the Perspective viewport and change the view to Rendered.

48 Note: These are quick render views and are should be used for visualization during modeling efforts. Presenting the model will require other rendering engines such as VRay. VRay will be in upcoming tutorials. The quick rendered result of the object material property changes. Notics that the other objects are gray since those objects have to been set by a layer or by object properties to contain material options.

49 Viewports can be changed to various display modes as shown in the pop-up menu when you right mouse-click on the viewport name. You can also find the same options in the toolbar flyout under the Shaded Viewport icon.

50 You can add text and dimensions to aid in your modeling efforts by pulling out the Linear Dimension toolbar flyout. By default, text and dimensions will not show up when views are rendered; however, there are render options that can be modified to make text and dimensions render as well (more on those options in later tutorials).

51 Select the TEXT icon.

52 Select a font from the pull-down menu. Select the size of the text. This is relative to the units set by your model file and will be relative to the scale of your modeled objects. Type your text in the input box under Text to create. Press Enter on the keyboard to designate line breaks and for multiple lines of text. Select a Start Point. This is the bottom left corner from which the text will be inserted. A pop-up window will appear.

53 Press OK when done.

54 To edit the text once it is placed, double left mouse-click on the text. A pop-up window box will appear which allows you to edit the text verbiage. This is the text printed on screen based on the results of the last few slides.

55 Since the text is an object within the model space, you can edit the properties of the text through the Object Properties icon and dialog box. Step 1: Select the Object Properties icon. Step 3: Select Text from the pull-down menu by left mouseclicking on the Object header. Step 2: Select the text you wish to edit by left mouseclicking on the text object.

56 Editing the text from the Object Properties dialog box allows you to change the font, height, and the text verbiage. This text has been editied to a new height and verbiage

57 Because the text is an object, you can also edit its properties similar to how you would a 2D or 3D modeled object as shown in previous slides of this tutorial. In this instance, the text is being modified to switch from the Default layer to the Wall-01 layer.

58

59 To show dimensions and measurements for objects, you can use the Dimension tools. Dimensions drawn by these tools remain visilbe within the model space during modeling efforts. As mentioned before, these objects do not render by default. Step 1: Select the Linear Dimension icon. 1 Step 2: Select the start point (1) and the end point (2). Move the mouse to place the dimension string and left mouse-click to accept. 2

60 Typically from time to time, it is necessary to find out the measurements or other information of objects already drawn/modeled. For the most part, it isn t necessary to have the resulting information physically drawn on the screen such as a dimension string as shown in the last slide. Use the Analyze toolbar for these available options.

61 Select the Distance icon.

62 Information and results from the Analyze tools are shown in the Command Line. 1 2 Select the start point (1) and then the end point (2) to find out the measurement/distance.

63 Information and results from the Analyze tools are shown in the Command Line. To explode or unjoin objects, use the Explode icon. To join curves (lines) into closed planar curves, select all the curves (make sure the curves form a closed shape) and press the Join icon. Step 2: Select surfaces, polysurfaces, or closed planar curves. Note that individual lines need to be joined into closed planar curves before using the Area tool. Step 1: To find out and keep track of square foot areas, select the Area icon.

64 While drawing in Rhinoceros, there are temporary alignment, tracking, axis locks, and reference points that allow you to make connections to objects across space or locked to specific axial planes. These drawing aids build upon those shown in the Rhino 2D Basics tutorial. The next few slides will go over the use of the Smart Track, Elevator Mode, and Axial Locks. Smart Track allows you to align objects in real-time instead of having to create physical construction lines or points to make objects align. For instance, without the use of the Smart Track to make the red angled line from point 1 to point 3 terminate aligned with point 2, you would have to draw a vertical line from point 2 to point 3 to make the connection. Then when you are finished, you would have to delete the construction line from point 2 to point 3. Smart Track allows you to eliminate the need for addition drawing of construction lines and points. 2 3 Step 2: When drawing a line, select the start point (1). Then hover the mouse cursor over the Osnap point of another object that you wish to align to (2) until a blue point appears. Move your mouse cursor straight up, down, left, or right (3). You will notice a white line appears indicating that the smart tracking is aligning point 3 with point 3. When you are satisfied with the placement of point 3, left mouse-click to enter the end point of the line. 1 Step 1: In the Osnap selection bar, enable the STrack option by left mouse-clicking on the button to the left. It is activated when the button is depressed and shwon in gray. It is deactivated when the button is tan and raised.

65 You can lock to axial planes while drawing by holding down the SHIFT or pressing the TAB key on the keyboard after selecting the start point. The SHIFT key will lock the line that you are drawing to the x, y, or z-axis (90 degree angles). Pressing the TAB key will lock the line you are drawing to whatever angle/direction that it was in at the time the TAB key was pressed. In all cases, a white line will appear to indicate the axis lock.

66 Elevator mode is a modeling aid that allows you to have control over points drawn within a 3D view. Normally, when you try to draw in 3D, it is hard to left mouse-click exact points in space. Elevator mode gives you the ability to know that you are selecting points along a particular axis. 3 Step 3: Move your mouse cursor up or down. You will notice a white line appears indicating that you are in elevator mode. Select your line end point (3). 2 1 Step 2: While holding down the CTRL key on the keyboard, left mouse-click at a point in space (2). Step 1: While drawing a line, select the start point (1).

67 Use Point tools to aid in the construction of equally spaced elements along a curve segment. Right mouse-click on the Divide Curve by Number of Segments icon.

68 Step 2: Type in the number of segments required and press Enter on the keyboard. Step 1: Select the line to divide into equal parts.

69 You now have equally spaced construction points to snap to using the Osnap and Point options. You will see this command used often especially while creating guardrails/handrail details in upcoming tutorials.

70 Equally spaced points along a segment can occur on any type of line/curve.