RHINO SURFACE MAKING PART 1

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1 TUTORIAL 04: RHINO SURFACE MAKING PART 1 By Jeremy L Roh, Professor of Digital Methods I UNC Charlotte s School of Architecture

2 Surfaces are a key component in shaping 3D objects within Rhinoceros. All 3D objects are made up of surfaces. Surfaces are generally derived by 2D curves (lines). Surfaces can be extended, trimmed, blended, connected, joined, etc. This tutorial will use the toolbar flyouts: Surface, Surface Tools, Curve Tools, and Curve From Object as pictured here.

3 2 3 Surfaces can be created by choosing 3 or 4 points. In this case, the points will be determined by snapping to the end points and intersections of 2D lines already drawn (points 1, 2, 3, and 4). 4 1

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5 Intricate surface shapes can be created by first selecting all of the 2D curves (lines) that will define the surface shape.

6 Sometimes it is necessary to temporarily separate construction items away from the model area in order to work on the piece. In this case, the curves (lines) that have been previously selected have been copied 50 to the left. It was specified to copy these items 50 so that when the operation is finished, it can be moved back 50 to the original location.

7 Since all of these curves (lines) are separate items, they need to be joined and trimmed to make a closed shape. Using the Connect tool from the Extend Curve toolbar flyout, just about all of the lines can be trimmed and extended with this one command.

8 The last part of the shape needs a line physically drawn to close the shape.

9 Select all of the curves (lines) that were just cleaned up and then select Join to make the intricate shape a closed planar curve.

10 With the closed planar curves selected, select the Surface from Planar Curves icon and the area inside the intricate shape is filled with a surface.

11 Move the shape to the right 50 to put it back in its original place.

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13 Surfaces can be created from edge curves already drawn or associated with other surfaces/ polysurfaces. Select the Surface from 2, 3, or 4 Edge Curves icon.

14 Select curves (lines) that will define the boundary of the surface (1, 2, 3, and 4).

15 A surface is created that best fits within the boundary of the 4 curves selected; even though, one of the curves (3 on the previous screen) extended beyond the boundary.

16 1 2 Surfaces can be created by just drawing a rectangle using the Rectangular Plane: Corner to Corner command. Select the first point of the corner (1) and then the other point of the corner (2).

17 The next set of slides illustrates how to use the Loft command. First draw two lines that are a distance apart from one another and exist in space along the x, y, and z axis different from one another. Reference the next 6 slides.

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24 1 Once the lines are drawn, select the Loft command and then select the lines in the order in which you want the surface to pass through (1 and 2) and then press Enter on the keyboard. The order isn t as important when there are only 2 lines; however, as you loft through a series of lines, it becomes very important that you specify the correct order. 2

25 Once you press Enter, a pop-up dialog box will appear that allows you to specify ways in which the surface should be interpolated. Styles from Loose to Tight and simplification methods are available. In upcoming tutorials, we will go into the use of these options in more detail. For now, press OK.

26 A surface is created by interpolating all of the points inbetween the specified lines.

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28 2 1 Another example of lofting a surface; however, this example uses 3 lines. Select the Loft icon, then select the 3 curves in order (1, 2, and 3), and then press Enter on the keyboard. 3

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30 A surface is created by interpolating all of the points inbetween the specified lines.

31 Another method to connect two surfaces is to use the Blend Surface tool. Left mouse-click on the icon.

32 Select the first edge (1) and then the second edge (2) of the surfaces that you wish to blend/ connect. 1 2

33 A pop-up dialog box appears that has two slider bars available. The sliders allow you to choose how to create the blend between surfaces. The next few slides illustrate the effects of the slider bar positions and the resulting black line previews. The black lines and points show the proposed blend based on the choices made with the slider positions.

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41 Check the Preview option to see the proposed surface filled inbetween the black lines. Now when you move the slider bars, you can visually see the proposed surface manipulate in realtime. The next few slides show some examples.

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48 Once surfaces are created, you can trim and edit them using Curve From Object, Extrude Straight, and the Trim tools. In this example, select the Circle icon After the blend operation is complete, a new surface is created. The original surfaces and the new surface remain as separate entities (1, 2, and 3). Later in this tutorial, the same number notation for these surfaces will be used to explain trimmed and untrimmed surfaces.

49 Draw a circle in plan view over the surfaces.

50 Make sure that the circle is noticeably above the surfaces. In this example, the circle looks very close to the surface. Select the circle.

51 Move the circle noticeably above the surfaces.

52 Step 2: Select the curve to project. In this case, the curve to project is the circle. Step 1: Select the Project to Surface icon.

53 Step 3: Select surfaces to project onto.

54 The circle is projected onto the surfaces.

55 Now that the circle is exactly on the surfaces, we can use the circle as a cutting object and trim the surfaces using the Trim command. Step 1: Select the Trim command. Step 2: Select the cutting object and press Enter on the keyboard. Step 3: Select the objects to trim and press Enter on the keyboard when the operation is complete. See the next few slides for the results.

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58 Surfaces can be trimmed by using a Line that is extruded through the surface and used as the cutting object. Draw a line in the top view the noticeably overlaps the surface.

59 While the line is selected, left mouse-click on the Extrude Straight tool.

60 Make sure that the extrusion option is set to BothSides=Yes. Extrude the line so that the extrusion noticeably passes through the surface you eventually wish to trim.

61 Step 1: Select the Trim command. Step 3: Select the object to trim and press Enter on the Keyboard. Step 2: Select the cutting object and press Enter on the keyboard.

62 3 2 1 As a result of the last set of trim operations performed, the three surfaces (1, 2, and 3) are now identified as different types of surfaces: trimmed and untrimmed. Surface 1 has not been trimmed and still remains in its original created state; thus, this surfaces is referred to as an Untrimmed Surface. Surfaces 2 and 3 have been manipulated by previous trim commands; therefore, these surfaces are now referred to as Trimmed Surfaces.

63 Trimmed Surfaces can be untrimmed to restore the surface back to its original created state. This function can happen at anytime throughout the modeling process. Step 2: Select the edge of the surface to untrim. Step 1: Right mouseclick on the Trim icon to select the Untrim Surface tool.

64 Notice the edge with the trimmed circle still remains trimmed. The surface is untrimmed on the edge that was selected. Note: The next slide starts out by undoing this operation so that the surface form is back to its trimmed state.

65 3 2 1 Reference: Surface 1 = Untrimmed Surface Surface 2 = Trimmed Surface Surface 3 = Trimmed Surface

66 Surfaces can be extended by a specified distance; however, you need to know whether or not the surface is an Untrimmed or Trimmed Surface. Step 1: Left mouse-click on the Extend Untrimmed Surface icon. Step 2: Select the edge of the surface to extend.

67 Step 3: Type in a distance and press Enter on the keyboard. Normal V U U The surface edge is extended. This command determines the flow and form of the extension by interpolating the directional U-V-Normal data embedded in the makeup of the original surface. V Note: All surfaces and polysurfaces are made up of three directions: U, V, and Normal. You can think of these directions as corresponding to the X, Y, and Z Axis.

68 Step 1: Right mouse-click on the Extend Trimmed Surface icon. Step 2: Select the edge of the surface to extend.

69 Step 3: Type in a distance and press Enter on the keyboard.

70 The surface edge is extended.