Generation 2.5 (2.5G) - HSCSD

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Asher McBride
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1 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) 2.5G is a term that develped ut f enhancements f GSM It is an upgrade f 2G-GSM GSM In particular supprt f nn-vice applicatins (data) Als higher data rates n the air interface Already has several characteristics f 3G In particular: General Packet Radi Service (GPRS) High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD) Enhanced Data Rates fr GSM Evlutin (EDGE) 2.5G technlgy is very imprtant nwadays as a backup fr 3G, e.g. in areas where UMTS is nt deplyed. Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 49 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - HSCSD High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data HSCSD bundles up t 8 GSM traffic channels int ne high speed channel ffers symmetric r asymmetric data rates is a circuit switching technlgy, i.e. very suitable fr cnstantly high data rates (e.g. telefax), but nt fr varying data rates (e.g. Internet brwsing) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 50 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - HSCSD applicatin areas: fast data services ver GSM (data rates cmparable t ISDN) real time applicatins telemetry, i.e. cnstant technical measurements surveillance, e.g. webcam vide telephny symmetric/asymmetric: allws data rates where the dwnlink has different data rate as uplink transparent/nn-transparent: transparent service desn t use errr crrectin (higher speed) nn-transparent uses Radi Link Prtcl (RLP) fr errr crrectin Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 51

19,2 kbit/s 3 43, 2 kbit/s 28,8 kbit/s 4 57,6 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 53 5G) - GPRS General Packet Radi Service develped d fr data transmissin i

2 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - HSCSD Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 52 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - HSCSD number f bundled 14,44 kbit/s per channel 9,6 kbit/s per channel channels 1 14,4 kbit/s 9,6 kbit/s 2 28,8 kbit/s 19,2 kbit/s 3 43, 2 kbit/s 28,8 kbit/s 4 57,6 kbit/s 38,4 kbit/s Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 53 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - GPRS General Packet Radi Service develped d fr data transmissin i in GSM netwrks packet switched (efficient fr Internet brwsing) allws sending and receiving f data withut ccupatin f circuit switched resurces GPRS can ccupy wrt ne user ne time slt in a TDMA frame several time slts in a TDMA frame the whle 200KHz band time slts are allcated dynamically accrding t the needs Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 54

3 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - GPRS example f a static allcatin f time slts in GSM (vice) MS A TDMA frame 4,615 ms example f a dynamic allcatin f time slts by GPRS MS A TDMA frame 4,615 ms Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 55 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - GPRS maximum f 171 kbit/s (all 8 time slts f a TDMA frame, new frm f channel cding, e.g. n errr crrectin), 4 cding schemes: CS1 (full errr crrectin) CS4 (n errr crrectin) advantages f packet ver the air wrt traditinal circuit switched technlgy: virtual cnnectivity, always n fast resurce allcatin accrding t demand alternative ways f accunting, e.g. by data vlume, flat rate, fair flat asymmetric data rates fr uplink and dwnlink, adjusted dynamically is ffered ed by almst all netwrk peratrs Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 56 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) GPRS data rates grss data rates with different cding schemes channel cding CS1 CS2 CS3 CS4 1 TS Data Rate 9.05 kbit/s 13,4 kbit/s 15,6 kbit/s 21,4 kbit/s 2 TS Data Rate 18,10 kbit/s 26,8 kbit/s 31,2 kbit/s 42,8 kbit/s 3 TS Data Rate 27,15 kbit/s 40,2 kbit/s 46,8 kbit/s 64,2 kbit/s 4 TS Data Rate 36,30 kbit/s 53,6 kbit/s 62,4 kbit/s 85,6 kbit/s 5TSDataRate 45,35 kbit/s 67,0 kbit/s 78,0 kbit/s 107,00 kbit/s 6 TS Data Rate 54,40 kbit/s 80,4 kbit/s 93,6 kbit/s 128,4 kbit/s 7TSD Data Rate 63,45 kbit/s 93,8 kbit/s 109,2 kbit/s 149,8 kbit/s 8 TS Data Rate 72,50 kbit/s 107,2 kbit/s 124,8 kbit/s 171,2 kbit/s Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 57

4 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) GPRS verview: suitability f different 2G and 2.5G technlgy Applicatin GSM HSCSD GPRS vice very gd desn't fit desn't fit medium medium very gd mbile Internet access desn't fit nt ideal very gd mbile Intranet access desn't fit nt ideal very gd WAP medium nt ideal very gd file transfer desn't fit very gd very gd image desn't fit very gd very gd vide streaming desn't fit very gd desn't fit surveillance with alarm functinality nt ideal desn't fit gut Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 58 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) Cmparisn 2G, 2.5G and 3G in Germany: GSM GPRS HSCSD UMTS Switching circuit packet circuit circuit and packet data rate 96and 9,6 14,44 kbit/s 171,2 kbit/s 115,2 kbit/s 2 MBit/s (theretical) with HSDPA 7,2 Data rate (practical) 9,6 kbit/s 50 kbit/s (Dwnlink) 15 kbit/s (Uplink) 43,2 kbit/s(dwnlink) 28,8 kbit/s(uplink) mstly less than 1 MBit/s accunting cnnectin time vlume and/r cnnectin time cnnectin time vlume always-n-functin N Yes n yes channel bundling nt pssible theretically 8 channels availability since 1992 since April 2001 in all German netwrks theretically 8 channels since 1999 (E-Plus) since 2000 (Vdafne) nt necessary since 2005 Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 59 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE Enhanced Data rates fr GSM Evlutin evlutin f GPRS EDGE intrduces an additinal mdulatin scheme: 8-PSK 8-PSK transmits 3 bits per signal state. Hwever, that makes EDGE less rbust against interference and lw signal quality data rates f up t 473,6 Kbps are theretically pssible riginally EDGE was develped s that netwrk peratrs wh did nt succeed in acquiring 3G licenses culd still ffer high data rates t their custmers EDGE has an easy deplyment, it is just a SW update t mst mdern GSM base statins. Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 60

5 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE example: 2-PSK = BPSK (similar il t GMSK) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 61 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) EDGE 8-PSK 8PSK Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 62 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE 8-PSK GSM: Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying (GMSK). EDGE: 8-Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 63

135 D 0 0 1-1,41 / 0 180 B 010 0 0 / 1,41 90 A 0 1 1 1 / 1 45 F 1 0 0 0 /

bitstream f: 001011110101000111111001000000101 separated in grups f 3: 001

C, C, E Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 64 5G) -

EDGE with 8PSK mdulatin: data data Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin

6 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE 8-PSK symbl 3 bits crdinates Phase (rel t x-axis) C / D ,41 / B / 1,41 90 A / 1 45 F / -1,41-90 E / G / H /0 1,41 0 A bitstream f: separated in grups f 3: results in: D, A, G, E, C, H, H, D, C, C, E Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 64 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE 8-PSK nrmal burst fr GSM with GMSK mdulatin: data data nrmal burst fr EDGE with 8PSK mdulatin: data data Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 65 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE interference prblem Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 66

7 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE data rates GPRS EDGE 8 12 CS-1 CS-2 GMSK MCS-1 MCS CS-3 Mdulatin 14.8 MCS-3 20 CS MCS-4 Header+Prtectin User Paylad Header+Prtectin 8PSK- Mdulatin MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 User Paylad 59.2 MCS-9 Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 67 Generatin 2.5 (2.5G) - EDGE architecture Base Statin Subsystem (BSS) = Radi Access Netwrk (RAN) Cre Netwrk (CN) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 68 Generatin 3 (3G) 2G gals: efficient usage f frequency spectrum by digitizing f cellular netwrks, success stry GSM 3G gals: efficient integratin f vice and data fr mbile vice and data services in cellular netwrks in additin wrldwide cmpatibility f terminals and base statins smth transitin frm 2G t 3G new frequency spectrum Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 69

Generatin 3 (3G) there is nt nly a single 3 rd generatin standardizatin in the ITU under des IMT-2000 prgram terrestrial access technlgy fr 3G GSM-based 3. generatin: GPRS/EDGE (s. 2.

generatin: CDMA2000 DECT (nly fr crdless phnes, private dmains) industry cnsrtia pushing the standardisatin f 3G: 3GPP (Third Generatin Partnership Prject): W-CDMA and TD- (S)CDMA,

8 Generatin 3 (3G) there is nt nly a single 3 rd generatin standardizatin in the ITU under des IMT-2000 prgram terrestrial access technlgy fr 3G GSM-based 3. generatin: GPRS/EDGE (s. 2.5G) UMTS-based 3. generatin: W-CDMA und TD-(S)CDMA IS-95-based 3. generatin: CDMA2000 DECT (nly fr crdless phnes, private dmains) industry cnsrtia pushing the standardisatin f 3G: 3GPP (Third Generatin Partnership Prject): W-CDMA and TD- (S)CDMA, mstly driven by Eurpa, Japan and China 3GPP2: CDMA2000, driven by US cmpanies Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 70 Generatin 3 (3G) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 71 Generatin 3 (3G) Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 72

9 Generatin 3 (3G) IMT 2000 Frequency spectrum Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 73 Generatin 3 (3G) Frequency spectrum US in the US the spectrum defined by ITU was already ccupied by systems f 2G (IS-95) therefre, in September 2006 the Federal Cmmunicatins Cmmissin (FCC) auctined the spectrum MHz and MHz fr 3G riginally the spectrum MHz was ccupied by gvernment agencies, air traffic cntrl and sattelite cntrl MHz was ccupied by paging systems, lcal TV statins, Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 74 Generatin 3 (3G) Frequency spectrum spectrum allcatin fr UMTS: UMTS: MHz and MHz paired licensed frequencies: 2 x 60MHz = 12 packets á 5MHz uplink: MHz dwnlink: MHz unpaired licensed frequencies : 1 x 25MHz = 5 packets á 5MHz MHz und MHz unpaired unlicensed frequencies :2 packets MHz satellite (ptinal in future): uplink: MHz dwnlink: MHz Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 75

10 Generatin 3 (3G) Spectrum auctin in Germany netwrk peratr paired packets price bill DM unpaired packets price bill DM E-Plus / Hutchinsn 2 16,42 1 0,0736 O2 2 16,52 Vdafne (was Manesmann Mbilf.) 2 16,47 1 0,121 T-Mbil 2 16,58 1 0,1227 Mbilcm (gave up) 2 16,37 1 0,121 Grup 3G /Quam (gave 2 16,45 1 0,1227 up) sum 12 98,81 5 0,561 Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 76 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS quality f service classes Class Traffic Class Class Descriptin Example Relevant QS Requirements 1 Cnversatinal Preserves time relatin between entities making up the stream cnversatinal pattern based n human perceptin; real-time 2 Streaming Preserves time relatin between entities making up the stream; real-time 3 Interactive Bunded respnse time Preserves the paylad cntent Vice Vide telephny Vide gaming Vide cnferencing Multimedia Vide n demand Webcast Real-time vide Web-brwsing Database retrieval Lw jitter Lw delay Lw jitter Lw rund trip delay time Lw BER 4 Backgrund Preserves the paylad cntent SMS File transfer Lw BER Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 77 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS typical QS parameter Data One-way Delay Infrmatin rate Delay variatin lss Cnversatinal vice Tw-way 4-13 kb/s <150 msec preferred <400 msec limit < 1 msec < 3% FER (Frame Errr Rate) Vi Vice Pi Primarilyil 4-13 < 1 sec fr < 1 msec < 3% FER messaging ne-way kb/s playback < 2 sec fr recrd High quality streaming audi Primarily ne-way kb/s < 10 sec < 1 msec < 1% FER Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 78

11 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS FDD and TDD there are tw types f UMTS: W-CDMA (wideband UMTS with FDD, needs paired spectrum TD-CDMA (Time divisin UMTS, FDD, nly needs unpaired Transmissin by FDD methd Transmissin by TDD methd Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 79 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS FDD and TDD W-CDMA - Wideband direct sequence CDMA als called UMTS FDD Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 80 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS FDD and TDD TD-CDMA, als called UMTS TDD resembles GSM with spreading each time slt: 16 CDMA channels in 15 time slts data rates frm 9,6 kbit/s t 2MBi/ MBit/s 1 frame = 10 ms = 15 slts Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 81

12 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS netwrk architecture (Rel.99) UTRAN (UTRA Netwrk) Cell level mbility Radi Netwrk Subsystem (RNS) Encapsulatin f all radi specific tasks UE (User Equipment) CN (Cre Netwrk) Inter system handver Lcatin management if there is n dedicated cnnectin between UE and UTRAN U u I u UE UTRAN CN Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 82 Generatin 3 (3G) UTRAN architecture UE 1 Nde B I ub RNS RNC: Radi Netwrk Cntrller RNS: Radi Netwrk Subsystem I I u RNC CN UE 3 UE 2 Nde B Nde B Nde B I ub I ur RNC UTRAN cmprises several RNSs Nde B can supprt FDD r TDD r bth RNC is respnsible fr handver decisins i requiring i signalingt the UE Cell ffers FDD r TDD Nde B RNS Generatin 1 (1G) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 83 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS cre netwrk architecture BSS BTS A bis I u VLR BSC MSC GMSC PSTN Nde BTSB I u CS AuC EIR HLR Nde B I ub GR Nde B Nde B RNC RNS I u PS SGSN G n GGSN G i CN Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 84

13 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS cre netwrk architecture The Cre Netwrk (CN) and thus the Interface I u, t, are separated int tw lgical dmains: Circuit Switched Dmain (CSD) Circuit switched service incl. signaling Resurce reservatin at cnnectin setup GSM cmpnents (MSC, GMSC, VLR) I u CS Packet Switched Dmain (PSD) GPRS cmpnents (SGSN, GGSN) I u PS Release 99 uses the GSM/GPRS netwrk and adds a new radi access! Helps t save a lt f mney Much faster deplyment Nt as flexible as newer releases (5, 6) Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 85 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS mbility supprt UE Nde B Nde B RNC CN Multicasting f data via several physical channels Enables sft handver FDD mde nly Uplink simultaneus receptin f UE data at several Nde Bs Recnstructin f data at Nde B, SRNC r DRNC Dwnlink Simultaneus transmissin f data via different cells Different spreading cdes in different cells Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 86 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS mbility supprt, handver RNS cntrlling the cnnectin is called SRNS (Serving RNS) RNS ffering additinal resurces (e.g., fr sft handver) is called Drift RNS (DRNS) End-t-end cnnectins between UE and CN nly via I u at the SRNS Change f SRNS requires change f I u Initiated by the SRNS Cntrlled by the RNC and CN Nde B SRNC CN UE I ub I ur I u Nde B DRNC I ub Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 87

14 GSM UMTS Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS cell breathing Mbile device gets exclusive signal frm the base statin Number f devices in a cell des nt influence cell size Cell size is clsely crrelated t the cell capacity Signal-t-nse rati determines cell capacity Nise is generated by interference frm ther cells ther users f the same cell Interference increases nise level Devices at the edge f a cell cannt further increase their utput pwer (max. pwer limit) and thus drp ut f the cell n mre cmmunicatin pssible Limitatin f the max. number f users within a cell required Cell breathing cmplicates netwrk planning Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 88 Generatin 3 (3G) UMTS cell breathing Mbile Cmmunicatin Wireless Telecmmunicatin 89

ELEC5509 Mobile Networks

ELEC5509 Mobile Networks ELEC5509 Mbile Netwrks Edmund Tse 2010 ELEC5509 Mbile Netwrks General Lecturer Prfessr Abbas Jamalipur Rm 732, Bldg J03 abbas@ee.usyd.edu.au Tutrs Fazirulhisyam Hashim Rm 730, Bldg J03 fhisyam@ee.usyd.edu.au