Contents 8086 Processor 8086/8088 Instructions 80386/80486 Pentium/Pentium Pro 8086 Interfacing and Timing

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1 Contents Preface ix Processor Introduction microprocessor Memory segmentation View inside the processor Machine code and assembly language Exercises /8088 Instructions Assembly language mnemonics Characters and numbers Comments Move (MOV) Addressing memory Addition and subtraction (ADD and SUB) Compare (CMP) Unary operations (INC, DEC and NEG) Boolean bitwise instructions (AND, OR, XOR and NOT) Shift/rotate instructions Unconditional jump (JMP) Conditional jumps Subroutine calls (CALL and RET) PUSH and POP Moving around data in memory Assembler directives Data definition Equates (EQU) Exercises / Introduction pin out /80486 registers Memory cache Direct memory access (DMA) 41 4 Pentium/Pentium Pro Introduction Intel processor development Terms Pentium II and Pentium Pro System overview MMX technology Interfacing and Timing Introduction Interfacing with memory Memory mapped I/O Isolated I/O Timing 56

2 viii PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming 6 UART and PIC Introduction Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (8250) Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259) 67 7 PPI and PTC Introduction Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255) Programmable Timer Controller (8254) Exercises 85 8 Interrupts and BIOS Introduction BIOS and the operating system Interrupt vectors Processor interrupts Hardware interrupts Generating software interrupts Exercises Interfacing Standards Introduction PC bus ISA bus MCA bus EISA bus Comparison of different types Exercises Local Bus Introduction VESA VL-local bus PCI bus Exercises Example manufacturer and plug-and-play IDs Motherboard Design Introduction Pentium processor SB PCI ISA Xcelerator (PIIX3) System Controller (TXC) Error detection and correction PCI interface AA (AIP) DRAM interface Clock rates ISA/IDE interface DMA interface Interval timer Interrupt controller Mouse function Power management Universal serial bus Mouse and keyboard interface Example ATX motherboard Exercises IDE and Mass Storage Introduction Tracks and sectors Floppy disks Fixed disks Drive specifications Hard disk/cd-rom interfaces IDE interface 145

3 Contents ix 12.8 IDE communication File systems Coping with disk errors Optical storage Magnetic tape Exercises SCSI Introduction SCSI types SCSI Interface SCSI operation SCSI pointers Message system description SCSI commands Status Exercises PCMCIA Introduction PCMCIA connections PCMCIA signals PCMCIA registers Exercises RS Introduction Electrical characteristics Frame format Communications between two nodes Programming RS RS-232 programs Standard Windows serial communications programs Exercises Interrupt-driven RS Interrupt-driven RS Win32 programs DOS-based RS-232 program Exercises Parallel Port Introduction Data handshaking I/O addressing Exercises Interrupt-driven Parallel Port Introduction Interrupts Example program Program explanation Exercises Enhanced Parallel Port Introduction IEEE 1284 Data Transfer Modes Compatibility mode Nibble mode Byte mode EPP ECP Negotiation Exercises Modems Introduction 237

4 x PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming 20.2 RS-232 communications Modem standards Modem commands Modem setups Modem indicators Profile viewing Test modes Digital Modulation Typical modems Fax transmission Exercises VB (Introduction) Introduction Event-driven programming Visual Basic files Other terms Main screen Properties window Controls and Event Programming language Entering a program Language reference Exercises VB (Forms) Introduction Setting properties Forms and code Temperature conversion program Quadratic roots program Resistance calculation with slider controls program Exercises VB (Menus) Introduction Menu editor Common dialog control Running an application program Exercises VB (Events) Introduction Program events Exercises VB (Graphics and Timer) Introduction Loading graphics files Colors Drawing Timer Exercises VB (Serial Comms) Introduction Communications control Properties Events Example program Error messages RS-232 polling Exercises Windows 95/98/NT (Introduction) Introduction 344

5 Contents xi 27.2 Architecture Windows registry Device drivers Configuration Manager Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) Multiple file systems Core system components Multitasking and threading Plug-and-play process Windows NT architecture Exercises Windows Registry Introduction Windows 95/98 and the Registry Windows NT and the Registry INF files Exercises Sample INF file Win32 Introduction Introduction Win32s and Windows 3.x Exceptions Win32 Basics Introduction Main program Creating windows Sample application Other Windows support functions Exercises Windows Messaging Introduction Message structure Message functions Messages Exercises Windows Output Introduction Device context Text output Various GDI functions Exercises Drawing and Painting Introduction Colors Painting and Drawing functions Structures Exercises Networking Introduction OSI model Communications standards and the OSI model Standards agencies Network cable types LAN topology Internetworking connections Internet routing protocols Network topologies Exercises 456

6 xii PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming 35 Ethernet Introduction IEEE standards Ethernet media access control (MAC) layer IEEE and Ethernet SNAP OSI and the IEEE standard Ethernet transceivers NIC Standard Ethernet limitations Ethernet types Twisted-pair hubs Mbps Ethernet Switches and switching hubs Comparison of Fast Ethernet Exercises TCP/IP Introduction TCP/IP gateways and hosts Function of the IP protocol Internet datagram ICMP TCP/IP internets Domain name system Internet naming structure Domain name server Bootp protocol Example network IP Ver Transmission control protocol TCP/IP commands Exercises WinSock Programming Introduction Windows Sockets Practical Win32 program Exercises Java (Introduction) Introduction Standalone programs Data types Characters and strings Java operators Selection statements Loops Classes Constructors Method overloading Static methods Constants Package statements Import statements Mathematical operations Arrays Exercises Java (Events and Windows) Introduction Applet tag Creating an applet Applet basics The paint() object 556

7 Contents xiii 39.6 Java events Java 1.0 and Java Initialization and exit methods Mouse events in Java Mouse event handling in Java Mouse selection in Java Keyboard input in Java Keyboard events in Java Buttons and events Action with Java Action Listener in Java Checkboxes Item listener in Java Radio buttons Pop-up menu choices Other pop-up menu options Multiple menus Menu bar List box File dialog Exercises Java (Networking) Introduction HTTP protocol Java networking functions Connecting to a WWW site Socket programming Creating a socket Client/server program Exercises 608 A RS-232/Parallel Port 609 A.1 RS A.2 Parallel port 610 A.3 PC connections 613 A.4 Parallel port connection 613 B ASCII Character Codes 615 C Win C.1 Window classes 618 C.2 WNDCLASS 626 C.3 Messages 627 C.4 Win32 functions 628 D Modem Codes 648 D.1 AT commands 648 D.2 Result codes 651 D.3 S-registers 652 E Quick Reference 656 Index 658

8 xiv PC Interfacing, Communications and Windows Programming

BASIC INTERFACING CONCEPTS

BASIC INTERFACING CONCEPTS Contents i SYLLABUS UNIT - I 8085 ARCHITECTURE Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, 8085 Processor Architecture, Internal Operations, Instructions and Timings, Programming the 8085-Introduction