APCO Western Region Conference 2007

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1 APCO Western Region Conference 2007 Andrew M. Seybold andrewseybold.com

3 Agenda What Commercial Operators don t understand about first responder requirements What Commercial Operators think they can provide the first responder community We are not speaking the same language A look at commercial networks and technologies What is happening in the commercial sector Developing wide-area technologies WiMAX and the spectrum grab Commercial technology roadmaps Commercial technologies true capabilities Local-area technologies Mobile TV technologies Commercial proposals for first responders The Next Steps 3 Copyright 2007

4 Commercial Wireless Operators What They Think and What They Know

5 Commercial Operators Don t Understand One-to-many dispatch Absolute control of dispatch channels by dispatch center One-to-many in the field-incident command structure Need for simplex/tactical channels Many for some incidents Ruggedized radios Vehicle-mounted units with external speakers Handheld units that can be operated wearing gloves Radio equipment cannot be replaced every six months to a year Radio technologies must be stable and static for many years Requirement for coverage better than anything they can possibly provide 5 Copyright 2007

6 What They Think They Understand They can provide any and all services needed by the first responder community They can do it less expensively and more efficiently The first responder community is using antiquated technology and radios because it does not know any better Paying $3,000 for a radio is absurd First responders already have enough spectrum but don t use it properly Plays to the fact that they are using technologies much more spectrally efficient than any currently used by first responders Push-to-talk services don t need to be instantaneous and a few seconds of delay is acceptable They all fail my shoot, don t shoot PTT test We are heading toward a world where all radio services will employ commercial networks 6 Copyright 2007

7 We Are Speaking Different Languages First Responders, the Internet Community and Commercial Networks Don t Understand Each Other

8 Language Barriers You say Simplex channels Tactical channels Talk-around You say Repeater/trunked system One-to-many You say We need solid coverage In-building and outdoors You say We need Interoperability Our systems are all over the spectrum They say Peer-to-peer (Internet)??? Commercial wireless world They say Broadcast (Internet) PTT with groups (Commercial) or Conference Call They say It takes long time for permits for new cell sites We cover 90% of U.S. Population (not land mass) They say We provide phones that can operate around the world on 5 different bands 8 Copyright 2007

9 Language Barriers (cont.) You say We need interoperability We need to be able to communicate during major disasters You say We don t have enough spectrum You say We need devices that can be used wearing gloves You say Some of our radios are more than 20 years old You say We cannot afford new equipment You say We need equipment that is rugged and easy to use They say All you need is an IP back-end IP solves all of your communications problems They say You need to use it more efficiently They say Our phones are getting smaller every year They say We introduce new devices every 6 months Our technology changes every few years They say Use commercial equipment, it is inexpensive They say You can drop our phones at least three times before they break 9 Copyright 2007

10 A Look At What Is Happening In the World of Commercial Wireless

11 Wide-Area Fully-Mobile Commercial Two-Way Technologies Today GSM/GPRS (Commercial) EDGE (Commercial) WCDMA/UMTS (Commercial) UMTS/HSDPA (Commercial) WCDMA Rel 7 (2008) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Commercial) WiBRO (Commercial) IP Wireless (Commercial) Flarion (now Qualcomm) Tomorrow UMTS/HSUPA (2008) UMTS/MBMS (2009) CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev B (2008) WiMAX Mobile (2008) LTE (Long Term Evolution) (2010) IEEE (2010) 11 Copyright 2007

12 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Gold (Multicast) Standard approval No change in standard, runs on Rev 0 Network infrastructure available for installation 2006 Mobile chipset available to device manufacturers 2006 Mobile device available 2006 Commercial network available 2006 key technology platform characteristics Multicast capabilities Not requested by any network operator we are aware of 12 Copyright 2007

13 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Platinum Standard approval No new standard, enhancements only, runs on Rev A Network infrastructure available for installation Q Mobile chipset available to device manufacturers Q Mobile device available Q Commercial network available Q key technology platform characteristics Additional multicast capabilities Not requested by any network operator we are aware of 13 Copyright 2007

14 Developing Wide-Area Mobile Technologies WiMAX Mobile (802.16e), WiBRO, Flarion, IEEE

15 WiMAX Mobile (802.16e) Standard approval 12/2005 Network infrastructure available for installation Mid 2006 Mobile chipset available to device manufacturers Mid 2006 Mobile device available Q Commercial network available Q WiMAX portable may be bypassed in favor of mobile There are implications for Clearwire s upgrade path Key technology platform characteristics (see speed charts) 15 Copyright 2007

16 WiMAX: The Politics WiMAX coming to wireless industry from computer industry Aggressively pushed by Intel ($600 million investment in Clearwire + several $billion in Sprint s announcement) Today on licensed spectrum (2.3, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz) and unlicensed spectrum (5.9 GHz) In U.S., Intel is aggressively pushing for 700-MHz licensed and TV shared (unlicensed) spectrum for WiMAX Some network operators not interested in WiMAX mobile because it could compete with their 3G mobility play Gaining momentum but business case issues remain What happens if Intel drops the price of WiMAX chips to build market acceptance? Intel s chipsets are designed for notebooks, not handhelds Intel claims to have handset chips coming (end of 2008) 16 Copyright 2007

17 WiMAX: Financial Implications Can a WiMAX mobile system built out at 2.5 GHz compete with existing technologies that are Already in the ground Huge capex issues Have millions of voice and data customers Offer thousands of devices for customers to chose from In the United States, at least, the 2.5-GHz spectrum is already licensed Only WiMAX hardware vendors can make money Will Clearwire ever make money? Is there a winning bidder that wants to deploy WiMAX on AWS spectrum? Create one-off system, high capex, high cost of handsets 17 Copyright 2007

18 WiMAX and the Spectrum WiMAX Supporters Asking for A LOT of Spectrum Worldwide for Unproven, Virtually Untested Technology!

Frequency Bands: License-Exempt Targeted by

23 Commercial Technology Roadmaps Where Are We Headed?

24 Mobile Technologies Roadmap Mobile Technology Roadmap WCDMA/UMTS WCDMA Rel Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Commercial WCDMA Rel 5 (HSPDA) Commercial WCDMA Rel 6 (HSUDPA) Commercial WCDMA Rel 7 Commercial WCDMA LTE Commercial Standard Mobile Chips Mobile Devices Infrastructure Commercial 24 Copyright 2007

25 Mobile Technologies Roadmap Mobile Technology Roadmap CDMA Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1xEV-DO Commercial 1xEV-DO Rev A Sprint Nationwide Availability Commercial 1xEV-DO Rev B Commercial 1xEV-DO Rev C Commercial Standard Mobile Chips Mobile Devices Infrastructure Commercial 25 Copyright 2007

26 Mobile Technologies Roadmap Mobile Technology Roadmap IPWireless Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Commercial Flarion Wireless Commercial WiBRO WiMAX Mobile/802.16e 12/05 Commercial IEEE FDD Single-Mode Dual-Mode Chips & Single-Mode Devices Commercial Dual-Mode Devices Standard Mobile Chips Mobile Devices Infrastructure Commercial 26 Copyright 2007

27 Commercial Technologies True Capabilities How Spectrally Efficient Are They?

28 Spectral Efficiency of Base Technology (No Smart Antenna Enhancements) S p e c tra l E ffic ie n c y W C D M A R e l X H S D P A R e l 5 H S D P A /H S U P A R e l 6 H S D P A /H S U P A R e l 7 E V -D O R e v 0 W im a x M o b ile E V -D O R e v B E V -D O R e v A T D D F D D 1 x E V -D O R e v C U M T S L T E B its P e r H z R e v e rs e F o rw a rd 28 Copyright 2007

30 Typical Single-Carrier Speeds Single Carrier Typical Data Speeds WCDMA R99 1xEV-DO Rev 0 WCDMA R5 (HSDPA) 1xEV-DO Rev A WCDMA R7 (HSDPA/HSUPA) WCDMA R6 (HSDPA/HSUPA) 1xEV-DO Rev B 1xEV-DO Rev C WCDMA LTE Mbps Reverse Forward 30 Copyright 2007

31 Normalized Typical Data Speeds Typical Data Speeds (10-MHz Bandwidth) WCDMA R99 IP Wireless WCDMA R5 (HSDPA) WCDMA R6 (HSDPA/HSUPA) WCDMA R7 (HSDPA/HSUPA) WiMAX Mobile WiBRO WiMAX 1xEV-DO Rev 0 1xEV-DO Rev A 1xEV-DO Rev B Flarion NextNet TDD FDD 1xEV-DO Rev C WCDMA LTE Mbps Reverse Forward 31 Copyright 2007

32 Peak Data Speeds Peak Data Speeds (10-MHz Bandwidth) WCDMA R99 IP Wireless WiMAX Mobile WiMAX WCDMA R5 (HSDPA) 1xEV-DO Rev 0 WiBRO 1xEV-DO Rev A Flarion WCDMA R6 (HSDPA/HSUPA) WCDMA R7 (HSDPA/HSUPA) 1xEV-DO Rev B NextNet TDD FDD 1xEV-DO Rev C WCDMA LTE Mbps Reverse Forward 32 Copyright 2007

33 Local-Area Technologies Wireless LANs and Muni-Wi-Fi

34 Local-Area Technologies Roadmap Local-Area Technology Roadmap Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q a/g Commercial n Commercial Standard Mobile Chips Mobile Devices Infrastructure Commercial 34 Copyright 2007

35 Latest Craze: Muni-Wi-Fi Recipe Take a local-area wireless technology Sprinkle in some mesh networking technology Add many cups of back-end smarts Stir up the politicians and convince them that broadband wireless is the new big thing and it will make their cities wealthy Preparation Place access points on lamp posts all over town Attach back-end wired/wireless capacity to every third or fourth Test network for interference from existing systems Advertise services to the community Result An expensive, temperamental network with little or no indoor coverage prone to interference and on-going maintenance issues 35 Copyright 2007

36 Muni-Wi-Fi Many cities have announced EarthLink launched Anaheim, New Orleans and others Philadelphia, San Francisco and more coming soon Numerous smaller cities up and running Many cities sub-contracting to others Philadelphia and Anaheim using EarthLink Philadelphia no-charge-for-data has become $20 per month In San Francisco, EarthLink and Google have teamed up Little if any in-building coverage Great potential for interference Cities have no more right to 2.4-GHz spectrum than you and I It's the latest craze. Will it be successful? Some cities are pushing for an advertising supported model for free Wi-Fi service There is no free lunch! 36 Copyright 2007

37 Muni Wi-Fi: An Update, February 2007 Systems in operation in many cities, more planned Last year s formula 30 access points per square mile Provides coverage to 90% of the outside walls of the city Full mobility and VoIP coming soon (nomadic for now) Data speeds of 1 Mbps per customer Unclear business model This year s reality 65+ access points per square mile, requires double the backhaul per square mile If lamp pole mounted, no coverage above 3 rd story Encountering more interference than expected (am I surprised?) Data speeds of UP TO 1 Mbps per customer Full mobility and VoIP several years away Unclear business model 37 Copyright 2007

38 Personal-Area Communications Today Bluetooth, voice and data standard Standard in a number of handset and notebook computers Growing placement in vehicles Many Bluetooth devices All operate on 2.4 GHz and work fairly well even around Wi-Fi Inexpensive, getting cheaper, still too difficult to marry two devices Tomorrow WiMedia technology is next up WiMedia is ultra-wideband technology in 3 10-GHz range UWB has been married with USB specifications WiMedia is really wireless USB 2.0 Voice and high-speed data Available as USB dongle, USB expansion ports Tomorrow: USB built into phones, notebooks and cars Very fast data transfer rates, easy to use, believe it will replace Bluetooth 38 Copyright 2007

39 Mobile TV Technologies MediaFLO, DVB-H, ISDB-T, IP Wireless, Mobile TV

40 Two Ways to Deliver Mobile TV On-network Systems being used today Deliver content over existing two-way wireless network to handsets Most systems use high-speed data services (EV-DO, UMTS) Content today usually short (2 min) video clips streamed to phone and played on phone Some networks stream complete broadcasts News, weather, etc. Off-network Several plans to provide more robust mobile TV being developed and tested Separate receiver chip in mobile phone Standard phone network used to select programs Better resolution, faster frame speeds, more content choices 40 Copyright 2007

41 MediaFLO Qualcomm-sponsored open overlay network technology SK experience with streaming video on EV-DO (6/03) FLO technology: new air interface (>6 Mbps in 6 MHz) Lower cost per bit than cellular Fast channel-switching time (+/-1.5 sec) Launched Q4/06 UHF channel 55, field trials started (Las Vegas is live) Verizon signed up as first operator Cingular recently announced it will use MediaFLO Also capable of delivering content off-peak and storing for later viewing Competition Modeo, Hiwire (DVB-H), IP Wireless (TDtv) 41 Copyright 2007

42 MediaFLO USA, TV Channel 55 U.S. network can support 15 to 20 live streaming video channels (total 50+ channels) Each transmitter covers approximately 50 Km Quarter Video Graphics Array (QVGA) frames per second (15 design minimum) 800 minutes of clip casting (short-format video) 10 high-quality audio channels Numerous data channels to 3G mobile phones Qualcomm announced new chipset that will support multiple wireless TV technologies UBM (Universal Broadcast Modem) will support MediaFLO, DVB-H and ISDB-T Will support both CDMA and UMTS handsets Commercial phones launched at CES Jan Copyright 2007

43 DVB-H Extension of existing DVB-T standard in 36 countries Trial systems operating in Europe and U.S. Promoted as open standard (Intel, TI, Nokia) Reliance on time slicing to reduce power but can impact viewing experience (great battery life if user accepted) Two radios, frequency above 706 MHz excluded Up to 55 mobile channels (video channels) Philips TV on cellular chip /Modeo partnership Modeo & Hiwire (Crown Castle/Aloha Partners) will adopt Nokia introducing N93 Mobile TV Handset (2H06) Primary competition: MediaFLO 43 Copyright 2007

44 Mobile TV Technologies Roadmap Mobile TV Technology Roadmap Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 MediaFLO Qualcomm Qualcomm Universal Commercial DVB-H ETSI Specification Italy, Finland Qualcomm Universal Commercial ISDB-T Japanese Technology Qualcomm Universal Commercial TDtv IPWireless On Network Technologies Single Chip Dual Chips Commercial Commercial Standard Mobile Chips Mobile Devices Infrastructure Commercial 44 Copyright 2007

45 Commercial Proposals for First Responders Everyone Has a Plan to Help You!

46 Cyren Call Cyren Call wants public safety community to believe it is on your side Believes if it controls the spectrum others will build out a system you can use; commercial secondary use The problem First responder and commercial traffic peak at the same time No incumbent commercial operator will build out $4-5 billion system if it doesn t hold licenses to the spectrum In the U.S., commercial operators support CDMA and GSM/WCDMA (UMTS) will never agree on a single technology Internet and computer communities might step up to gain access to spectrum Can they make money as the 5 th or 6 th commercial operator? Is there a hidden agenda? Congress told that a new commercial network will benefit consumers 46 Copyright 2007

47 Frontline LLC s Plan Wants only 13 MHz of 30 to be auctioned for public safety The 13 MHz closest to existing public safety spectrum Would be locally controlled by public safety agencies Would be made available to regional operators on wholesale but shared basis Network would be built by commercial entities Proposal would Give first responders a nationwide network for interoperability Be available for rural and regional networks on wholesale basis Give priority to public safety entities Does not need, according to Frontline, congressional approval Frontline was founded by founder of Vanguard Cellular, former head of NTIA and Former FCC Chairman Reed Hundt 47 Copyright 2007

48 A Commercial Wireless Proposal Allocate 6 or more MHz of spectrum in the already allocated 24 MHz of Public Safety Spectrum at 700 MHz They will build a nationwide CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A network Charge public safety entities to use it Network would be data-only at first (1 Mbps or faster) Push-to-talk and VoIP could be added over time EV-DO Rev A supports Quality of Service, so priority communications is available Remainder of 24 MHz would continue to be used for P25 or any other technology first responder community chooses Their motivation Wants the 30 MHz of spectrum to go to bid as planned Intent is to win the bid and build its own commercial network 48 Copyright 2007

49 There Are Many More Proposals Andy s Proposal Build a nationwide IPV6 backbone network that is hardened and off the Internet Allocate spectrum for broadband, P25 and analog Voice and data services to start Build a common set of radios that cover 800- and 700-MHz spectrum Radios for use by federal, state, local agencies Every radio is identical and has all channels and capabilities Radio channels can be changed at the radio or over the air Radios support all technologies used in the system in a single housing, and have built-in GPS and Wireless USB Other first responder systems join the network via the IP backbone Commercial networks still used to off-load administrative traffic Price of radios/backbone underwritten by commercial operators Via funds used to purchase spectrum at auction or customer use tax 49 Copyright 2007

50 Next Steps A partnership between commercial wireless operators and first responders makes a lot of sense provided that Commercial wireless operators understand first responder requirements They understand what is needed, not simply what they can provide First responder organizations come together and provide a united set of requirements to the commercial community So far, a lot of different information from different organizations, making it difficult to understand your needs There are open minds on both sides to listen to what is possible, what is missing and what can be done The first responder community can eliminate politics from technology. Who should be able to talk to whom is not a political decision, it is a matter of life and death! 50 Copyright 2007

Andrew Seybold Group, LLC

WiMAX, Cellular And Wi-Fi Andrew Seybold Group, LLC Andrew Seybold andy@4mobility.com 2006 Andrew Seybold Group, LLC 1 Wireless Hype Cycle WiMAX Mobile VoIP Mobile TV mcommerce Streaming Media FMC IMS