PROPOSAL SELECTION SYSTEM USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) AIMAN NATASHA NAQUIYAH BINTI ISMAIL

Transcription

1 PROPOSAL SELECTION SYSTEM USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) AIMAN NATASHA NAQUIYAH BINTI ISMAIL BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2018

2 PROPOSAL SELECTION SYSTEM USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) AIMAN NATASHA NAQUIYAH BINTI ISMAIL BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2018

3 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or other institutions. Name: Aiman Natasha Naquiyah Binti Ismail Date :... i

4 CONFIRMATION This is to confirm that this project entitled Proposal Selection System using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was prepared by Aiman Natasha Naquiyah Binti Ismail (BTCL ) and has been satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with honors in University Sultan Zainal Abidin. The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervison. Name: Dr Suhailan Bin Dato Safei Date :... ii

5 DEDICATION First and foremost, praised be to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful for blessing me and giving me the opportunity to undergo and complete my final year project, Proposal Selection System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process. I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Suhailan bin Dato Safei for his teaching, kindness, patience, guidance and ideas towards this project. I was so proud to be supervised with his guidance and invaluable advices. Thank you to Faculty Informatics for giving me chance to expose and explore myself in this project. I would like to thank my family and all the lecturers in Faculty Informatics for giving me a great opportunity to complete my final year project. Not to forget to mentioned all of my friends for their teaching, high technical supports and good skills. I was very appreciating their kindness towards me. iii

6 ABSTRACT Students are in the stage of critical thinking, the time where their ideas are improving and enhancing greatly within themselves. During this stage, they can share their ideas and make it reality. However, they do not have any platforms in sharing their ideas or proposal they are creating. This system is created as a platform for the students in promoting their ideas. This system is not only for students but also for fresh graduated. People who visited this system may have interest to invest into the ideas proposed by the students. This system has two users, first user is called investor, the people who will invest into the idea and the second is called inventor, students who proposed and created the proposal. Problems arise when investor have to choose which proposal is the most suitable for they to invest in. This system proposal selection is based on three criteria, first criteria is investment price, second is the develop duration and third is commercial value of the project. These criteria are set static for this system. Proposal Selection System apply Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) algorithm in calculating the most recommended proposal for investor based on their preference. This technique is based on mathematics and psychology, which is structured to manage and analyze complex decisions. In addition, the algorithm is also able to compile the data based on their priority. As a result, a study will be conducted to compare the best idea propose based on certain criteria. iv

7 ABSTRAK Pelajar berada di peringkat pemikiran kritikal, masa di mana idea-idea mereka bertambah baik dan berkembang dengan pesat. Ketika peringkat ini, mereka boleh berkongsi idea mereka dan menjadikannya realiti. Namun, mereka tidak mempunyai platform untuk berkongsi idea atau cadangan. Oleh itu, sistem ini diwujudkan sebagai platform bagi para pelajar untuk mempromosikan idea mereka. Sistem ini bukan sahaja untuk pelajar tetapi juga untuk para graduan. Sistem ini adalah untuk membantu mempromosikan hasil kerja pelajar serta menarik minat pelabur untuk melabur dalam sesebuah hasil kerja yang menarik minat pelabur tersebut. Sistem ini mempunyai dua pengguna, pengguna pertama ialah pelabur, orang yang akan melabur dalam idea dan yang kedua ialah pencipta, pelajar atau graduan yang mencadangkan dan mencipta cadangan itu. Masalah timbul apabila pelabur mempunyai masalah untuk membuat pilihan pelaburan yang paling sesuai untuk mereka. Pemilihan cadangan sistem ini berdasarkan tiga kriteria, kriteria pertama adalah harga pelaburan, kedua ialah tempoh membangunkan sistem yang dicadang dan ketiga adalah nilai komersil projek. Kriteria tersebut ditetapkan statik untuk sistem ini. Sistem Pemilihan Cadangan menggunakan algoritma Proses Analitik Hierarki (AHP) untuk membuat pengiraan adil terhadap cadangan yang paling disarankan kepada pelabur melabur berdasarkan keutamaan mereka. Teknik ini berdasarkan matematik dan psikologi, yang berstruktur untuk mengurus dan menganalisis keputusan yang rumit. Di samping itu, algoritma juga dapat menyusun data berdasarkan keutamaan mereka.konklusinya, kajian akan dijalankan untuk membandingkan idea terbaik yang dicadangkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. v

8 DECLARATION CONFIRMATION DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CONTENTS PAGE i ii iii iv v vi vii xvi xv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Problem statement Objectives Scopes Limitation of Work Expected Outcome Report Organization 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) AHP Pairwise Comparison Eigenvector Features of AHP Forming the Hierarchy Similar Existing System 10 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Introduction of Methodology Design vi 14

9 3.1.3 Development Testing Iterative Model System Input Process Output Evaluation Framework Design Architecture Design Process Model Data Model Algorithms Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram EER Diagram Data Dictionary Algorithm of PSS CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION DAN RESULT 4.1 Implementation and Output Deployment / Configuration Interfaces Result Discusssion Testing Types of testing Test cases Summary 46 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 4.1 Discussion Test Analysis 48 vii

10 4.3 Future Work Conclusion 49 REFERENCES 65 viii

11 LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 1. Software Requirement Hardware Requirement Admin Data Dictionary Inventor Data Dictionary Proposal Data Dictionary Criteria Data Dictionary Result Data Dictionary 25 ix

12 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE 1. AHP Pairwise 8 2. Fundamental Scale for Pairwise Comparison 9 3. Equity.pitchin.my website Mystartr.com website Iterative and Incremental method Framework of PSS Context Diagram DFD Level 0 (Admin) DFD Level 0 (Inventor) DFD Level 0 (Investor) EER Diagram Homepage of PSS Lists of Proposal view by Investor Selected Proposal to be calculated using 24 AHP 15. Selecting pairwise scale for criteria Selecting pairwise scale for proposal Calculation of AHP Final Result for AHP Calculation Login page for inventor Inventor add proposal info 27 ix

13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS CD DFD ERD FYP GA HCI Context Diagram Data Flow Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram Final year project Genetic algorithm Human computer interface x

14 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE A Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018) (Session I) B Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018) (Session Short Semester) PAGE xi

15 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Proposal Selection system is a system that act as a platform between inventor who are students and people or company that is called as investor. This system contains information about proposals created by students or fresh graduated. In this website, students propose their ideas and proposal by creating project and adding the crucial information. Then, investor can review the proposal s information. Investor can also review the inventor s profile. Traditionally, ideas and proposal will be proposed to company by visiting the company itself. It is a hard work to be accomplished, the action will consume and waste a lot of time and energy, the person proposed will have to make appointment first then encourage the company by presenting the proposal and having a meeting. Technology has evolved in recent times to a level where competition between existing systems and a new design are accessed and compared on the basis of reliability, compatibility, output design, speed and efficiently. Globally, people are mostly interested in systems that can match any standard found in the international market. This project is designed to assist inventor in proposing their ideas and proposals that are qualified to fill up the requirements wanted by investors. 1

16 1.2 Problem Statement Similar proposal is being propose by inventor and the problem is how can the investor choose or decide on the best project to invest in. 1.3 Objective The system has the following objectives: i. To analyze the problem of Proposal Selection System ii. To design a proposed system of Proposal Selection System (PSS) based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) iii. To develop system of Proposal Selection System (PSS) Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) 2

17 1.4 Scope There are three types of users in that will be using this system: Admin i. Admin can manage user, which are lecturer and student. ii. Admin can also create, update and delete user Inventor Inventor is a person who developed the proposal. He can do the following function using the system: i. Students, fresh graduated can register and login into the system ii. iii. Inventor can update their profile Inventor can create their proposal in the system by writing the details of the system Investor Investor is a person who will investing into the system. He can do the following function: i. Company or individual person can register and login into the system. ii. iii. iv. Investor can update their profile Investor can view the details of the proposal created by inventor Investor can view inventor profile 3

18 1.5 Limitation of Work i. No live interface between the inventor and the investor. ii. iii. iv. The progress of the project will not be monitored by this system. The payment process is not managed by the system. The security of the proposal being steal by the third party (The copyright of the proposal) 1.6 Expected Outcome This system is expected to help investor in choosing the most recommended proposal for them to invest in. The usage of analytic hierarchy process in the system is important for the selection technique. Finally inventor proposal will get picked by the investor. 4

19 1.7 Report Organization The report organization is in six (6) chapters. In the Chapter 1, the content consists of project background, problem statement of project, the objective and system scope. Then, Chapter 2 is about the study of literature review. This chapter is reviewing the previous systems. The next is Chapter 3, describes the methodology and software development. This research used Iterative Model. Chapter 4 explains the system s implementation and testing. Lastly, Chapter 5 is all about result and conclusion of the whole project. 5

20 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter describes and explains about the literature review about technique used for the development of a Proposal Selection System using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). 2.2 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) The AHP considers a set of evaluation criteria, and a set of alternative options among which the best is to be made. It is important to note that, since some of the criteria could be contrasting, it is not true in general that the best option is the one which optimizes each single criterion, rather the one which achieves the most suitable trade-off among the different criteria. The AHP generates a weight for each evaluation criterion according to the decision maker s pairwise comparisons of the criteria. The higher the weight, the more important the corresponding criterion. Next, for a fixed criterion, the AHP assigns a score to each option according to the decision maker s pairwise comparisons of the options based on that criterion. The higher the score, the better the performance of the option with the respect to the considered criterion. Finally, the AHP combines the criteria weights and the option scores, thus determining a global score a 6

21 weighted for each option, and a consequent ranking. The global score for a given option is a weighted sum of the scores it obtained with respect to all criteria. 7

22 2.3 Features of the AHP AHP is effective in dealing with complex decision making because it reduces complex decisions to a series of pairwise comparisons. AHP reduces the bias in the decision making process because it also checks the consistency of the DM S evaluations. AHP may be considered as a tool that is able to translate the pairwise to a series of pairwise relative evaluations (both qualitative and quantitative) made by the DM into a multi-criteria ranking. AHP also builds a hierarchy (ranking) of decision items using comparisons between each pair of items expressed as a matrix algebra to sort out factors to arrive at a mathematically optimal solution. The hierarchy is used to derive ratio-scaled measures for decision alternatives and determines the relative value alternatives have against organizational goals and project risks. This algorithm ranks data based on ordinal features. For example, a dataset containing marks of two subjects. It functions like normal summing method, but instead of calculating summation of each objects, AHP compares each objects in pairwise in determining the dominancy of the objects. 8

23 Figure 1: AHP Pairwise Figure 1 shows the structure process of AHP, level 1 is the pairwise comparison for goal. Level 2 is the pairwise comparison between criteria or factor and level 3 is the pairwise comparison between alternative Forming the Hierarchy Dr Rainer Haas and Dr. Oliver Meixner in their article of an Illustrated Guide to the Analytical Hierarchy Process stated that the process has been used to assist numerous corporate and government decision makers. AHP works by decomposing problems into a hierarchy of criteria and alternatives Pair Wise comparison In this step we will compare the elements in pairs against a given sub-criterion or criterion. To compare elements, ask: how much more (less) strongly is this element preferred than the element with which it is being compared? 9

24 AHP employs a scale with value from 1 to 9 designate the relative preference of one the element over another [2]. Table 2 Shows that using a pair wise comparison, the relative importance of one criterion over one another can be expressed. Dr Haas and Dr Olive Miner stated in their article that Dr Thomas L. Saaty, with the University of Pittsburgh, demonstrated mathematically that the eigenvector solution was the best approach. Eigenvector can help in getting ranking of priorities from a pair wise matrix. Figure 2: Fundamental Scale for Pairwise Comparison 10

25 2.4.2 Eigenvector A short computational way to obtain the ranking is to raise the pair wise matrix to power that are successively squared each time. Then the row sums are then calculated and normalized. Computer is instructed to stop when the difference between these sums I two consecutive calculations is smaller than prescribed value [3]. a) Get ranking priorities for criterion by using criteria versus criteria b) Compute eigenvector by adding all the value by row c) Sum off the totals from each Criteria d) Normalized value by dividing the row with total to get their eigenvector The compute eigenvector give the relatives rank. The highest eigenvector value ranked first and so on. In example, if T1 value of 3.0, T2 value of 2.9 while Tn value of 3.5, the rank will be dominated for Tn which has the highest value. 11

26 2.5 Similar Existing System There are a few similar existing systems that I have found. The systems are pitchin.my, Mystartr.com, DonorChoose.org, Kickstartr.com. The pitchin system is described as Malaysia s National Crowdfunding platform. The features of this system is equity, companies may offer shares of company stock directly to accredited investor in exchange for funding commitments Debt 7 Debt funding as well. This system also offers equity stake in company. The limitation of the system is typically only raising fund or investing for projects that in between $50K to $10M. This is available to accredited investor only. The creators must issue stock in company. The problem is that this system is too focusing on business-like system. Mystart.com is more to a donation based crowdfunding. Donation based means any crowdfunding campaign which there is no financial return to the investor or contributor. The limitation is that this kind of crowdfunding will take a lot of time to have fully enough fund before starting a project. Rewards based raises allow start-ups to provide an item in exchange for a capital commitment. For example, if an investor commits $50, the start-up may offer a copy of the product once its produced. It offers pre-orders, custom incentives. The limitation of this system based is typically raising less than $50K, no equity dilution and the advantages is everyone can back you up. 12

27 Problem arise as there is no platform that focusing on the welfare of students himself or for the organization in universities, for the fresh unemployed graduated. The company itself has no choice but to accept any offer given, therefore this platform can help the companies to state their wanted features of system to be developed based on a few requirements for the developer. The capable and interested developers or any other user may accept the given start and collaborate. 13

28 Figure 3: equity.pitchin.my website Figure 3 shows the interface of the pitchin system. Figure 4: MyStartr.com website Figure 4 shows the interface of mystartr website. 14

29 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction of Methodology Methodology is the process, step or stages used to collect information and data for the purpose of making decisions. The methodology is chosen from the software development life cycle model. There are many models included in the software included the development life cycle. For this project, Iterative and incremental model approach has been chosen. 3.2 Iterative and Incremental model Figure 5: Iterative and Incremental Model The methodology used to develop this project is the iterative model. Iterative model is the evaluation of the classic waterfall model, with the addition of multitasking and review even after the phase is done. This allows the developers to 15

30 demonstrate results earlier in the process and obtain valuable feedback from system users. Each iteration is a mini version of the waterfall process with the feedback from the previous phase providing vital Sinformation for the design of the next phase. Iterative model is chosen among other Software Development Life Cycle technique because it is improvement over the waterfall technique. This model can be used for projects where the major requirements are well defined and understood, with functionalities and requested enhancement added over time. Also, this model makes it easier to find functional or design flaws in the early stages of development, allowing to corrective measures to be taken. One disadvantages are that this kind of model is more complex and require more resources compared to other. Initial Planning Phase The initial planning phase where I am collecting data and review about what system that should be develop. After discuss with supervisor, the project has been decided is Proposal Selection System. This project is a web-based system that using AHP technique. Planning Phase In the planning phase, the data about similar web system to the Proposal Selection System and AHP technique are being gathered. Thus, discussion with the supervisor that this system can be continue because this project is different from the existing system. Objective, problem statement, scope and project organization has been made based on Proposal Selection System. 16

31 Requirement Phase In The requirement phase, all the requirements and module for Proposal Selection System are identified such as searching, applying and register. In this phase, AHP technique will also be applied in module which is searching. Analysis and Design In analysis and design phase, the prototype design of the system is created and the development of the prototype based on the functionalities that will be built. The data or requirement obtained during the requirement phase is transformed into a design. Examples of diagrams that will be builds are Framework, Context Diagram(CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD) level 0 and level 1, Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD). Implementation and Testing In implementation and testing phase, this phase is where the programming begins. The logic of the system and the interface will be coded based on the design of the previous phase. The system logic also includes coding implementation of the AHP technique. The interface design will be built up according to the human-computer interaction guidelines. After the codes have been implemented into the project, testing will begin. Tests are done to examine the smoothness of the system as well as to detect any errors that might lead to project failure. 17

32 Deployment Once all the modules are working correctly and all the errors are fixed, the system can finally be released. 18

33 3.3 Evaluation In this phase, the system that has been deployed will be presented to the users. They will help to evaluate the system to help for its improvement. 3.4 System Requirement Both hardware and software are required to develop the proposed system. The following are the hardware and software used to accomplish this project. Software Requirement No Software Purpose 1. PHP & HTML Language Used for developing the code for functioning and interface of the system 2. Microsoft Office Microsoft Word 2013 Tools that are used for documentation of the project, Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 creating report, presentation slide and making diagram 3. PDF Tools used to view documents, journal and research papers 4. XAMPP Web Server Local server to run and test the 19

34 system and the database connection 5. Table 3.1: Google Chrome Tools that are used as a platform to Software run the system Requirement Lists Table 1: Software Requirement Lists Hardware Requirement No Hardware Purpose 1. Desktop To develop the system and make the documentation 2. Printer To print all the needed document and report 3. External Hard Disk To store all the data and act as a backup for the project Table 2: Hardware Requirement Lists 20

35 Analysis and Design Phase In this phase, the software solution to meet the requirement is designed. The diagram of the system framework, Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD) and entity(erd) is clarify about the system. 3.5 Framework Design Figure 6: Framework of Proposal Selection System (PSS) The figure above shows the framework of Proposal Selection System. The system is the platform for the users to communicate with each other. 3.6 Context Diagram Design The figure below shows the overview of the whole system. This system consists of three entities which are the admin, user who divided into two entities inventor and investor 21

36 Figure 7: Context Diagram The figure 7 shows the system flow which consists of two users (inventor and investor) and admin. Admin can view the users activity. Inventor is the user who create proposal and y it while investor will be the user who use AHP in order to help in recommending the best proposal for them. 3.7 Data Flow Diagram Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a process or stage which will involve the front-end users. 22

37 3.7.1 Data Flow Diagram level 0 (Inventor) Figure 9: Data Flow Diagram level 0 Figure 9 shows the data flow diagram for inventor. Inventor can register, manage its log in, user profile and add their proposal into system. 23

38 3.1.1 Data Flow Diagram level 0 (Investor) Figure 10: Data Flow Diagram level 0 Figure 10 shows the data flow diagram for investor. Investor can register, log in and manage their user profile. Investor can also view inventors proposal and profile. Investor use AHP to help choosing the recommended proposal. 24

39 3.1.1 MySQL Model (EER Diagram Figure 11: EER Diagram 25

40 3.8 Data Dictionary Admin Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description amend Varchar 10 Primary key Admin id username Varchar 10 - Admin username password Varchar 10 - Admin password Varchar 10 - Admin phoneno Varchar 10 - Table 3: Admin Data Dictionary Profile Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description studid Int 10 Primary key Student id username Varchar 10 - Student username Varchar 10 - Student password Varchar 10 - Student password phoneno Varchar 10 - Student phone number age Varchar 10 - Student age uniaddress Varchar Student s university address proposalid Varchar 10 Foreign key Proposal id Table 4: Inventor Data Dictionary 26

41 return_measure Varchar 10 - The return measure in percentage(%) of the proposal payback Varchar 10 - The payback of the proposal in years duration Varchar 10 - The duration inventor can develop the proposal investorid Varchar 10 Foreign key Investor 27

42 3.8.1 Result Table 7: Result Data Dictionary Attribute Name Data Type Length Key Type Description resultid Varchar 10 Primary key Result id comments Varchar Comment by inventor Status Varchar Inventor give result to which company he/she choose inventorid varchar 10 Foreign key Inventor id 28

43 3.8 Algorithm for PSS Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an effective tool to conduct complex decision making and aid the decision maker to set priorities and make the best then arranged the results, AHP helps to capture both subjective and objectives aspects of a decision. AHP also a useful technique in checking the consistency of the decision maker s opinion. This technique can reduce the bias in the decision making process. The application of AHP begins with a problem being decomposed into a hierarchy of criteria so as to be more easily analyzed and compared in an independent manner How AHP Works The AHP considers a set of evaluation criteria and a set of alternative options. There are four step of AHP calculation. First is pairwise comparison, user will input the chosen scale from 1-9. Second is the column addition, the column of the AHP table will be added, then the third step is normalizing matric. As the end result we will obtain a ranking result on which the higher value is the best result Feature of AHP The AHP is very flexible and powerful tool because the scores and the final ranking, are obtained on the basis of the pairwise relative evaluations of the criteria and the options are provided by the user s preference. 29

44 simple, but when dealing with more complex cases, the analyses and calculations become deeper and more exhaustive Implementation Phase For the implementation phase, the PSS needs to be developed using PHP and MySQL for Web-based system. The editor tools to write the programming parts is Notepad++ using PHP language and MySQL for database. In this phase, Analytic Hierarchy Process method will integrate to group student based on similarity course achievement. Apache is run as local host server to run this system. This phase is critical phase where user requirement need to be implement Testing Phase Testing the PSS is vital part to ensure the final result based on calculation of AHP. Intention of testing to discover error so that the error found can be corrected and thus lead to a better system built. This process may help the vulnerabilities that are not discovered in the previous phase. The details testing phase in chapter 4. 30

45 3.9 Summary This chapter discusses the methodology used for system development, hardware and software required to develop this system. Each methodology can be chosen according to the complexity of the system. Choosing right development methodology is very important because it will affect the development process. The suitable methodology will help the project to be done according to the specified time that has been listed in the Gantt chart and also fulfil the requirement of the system. Others, design and framework are important to ensure the system being develop according to the requirements. In this phase, the modules involve also being describe as the data flow from one module to another module. The diagram should be able to visualize the real flow of the system. By looking at the diagram we could know either the process is needed or not for the system. 31

46 CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT 4.1 Introduction Implementation and result are executed to ensure the system are developed according to the main objective of the system and achieve user requirement. This chapter will give the result of the Proposal Selection System (PSS) that has been develop. 4.2 Implementation of PSS There are several language has been used to develop the Proposal Selection System. For the template interface Bootstrap 3.0 and SB Admin has been used. Thus, for the server side PHP: Hypertext Pre- processor has been used as programming language. PHP is widely used because it is an open source for general-purpose scripting language, can be embedded into HTML and it suits for Web development. For the validation, this system had been used HTML5, PHP and JavaScript. Validation is important to make sure user have a minimum chance to make mistake when inserting data. For example, Inventor Name only accept alphabet. If user input an integer, then system will 32

47 give warning to the user such as Name must be in alphabet. Open Source database also used in this system and the database is MySQL version MariaDB. Apache use to run local host server and the apache version is Notepad++ used for writing the code. 4.3 Design Interface Main Interface Figure 12: Homepage of Proposal Selection System Figure 12 shows the main interface for the web-based system. User need to choose their type of login either as Admin, Student or Lecturer. 33

48 Figure 13: List of Proposal view by Investor Figure 13 shows the view proposal page. Investor can view all the proposal added by inventor Figure 14: Selecting proposal to be calculated using AHP Figure 14 shows investor can choose the proposal to be calculate with AHP algorithm. Maximum up to five proposals can be selected to be compared. The choosing is based on user preference. 34

49 Figure 15: Selecting pairwise scale for criteria Figure 15 shows user must input the pairwise comparison for the selected proposal. First table is table to calculate the weight of each criterion. Figure 16: Selecting pairwise scale for proposals Figure 16 shows user must input the scale for each proposal to calculate its comparison 35

50 Figure 17: The calculation of AHP Figure 17 shows the calculation of AHP Figure 18: The Final Result Figure 18 shows the calculation of AHP for the proposal on each criteria is display on the last table. The value result final result of AHP priority. The higher the value, the better the result. 36

51 Figure 19: Login page for inventor Figure 1.9 shows the login page for inventor Figure 20: Inventor add proposal info Figure 20 shows Inventor can add proposal in this page. Inventor can also update the information. 37

52 4.4 Result Discussion Generally, this project has been carried out and follow the objective that have been explained in Chapter 1. This project has introduced three criteria that would be used to calculate the AHP result. Others, this project provided a better way for investor to know their recommender proposal based on investment price, develop duration and commercial value. Besides, AHP technique will calculate the priority value of the proposal chosen by investor based on their preference. Thus, it is easier them to make a decision to choose which proposal they want to invest in. Besides that, this system will give benefits to both investor and inventor which are inventor can keep good reputation of the university Black Box Testing Module involve in this testing are: i. Login ii. iii. iv. Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Inventor Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Investor Create, Retrieve, Update, and Delete Proposal v. Create, Retrieve and Update Profile vi. Create, Retrieve and Delete Proposal Selection 38

53 4.4.2 White Box Testing Module involve in this testing are: i. Generate Investor s AHP Result ii. Generate Calculation of Final Result between comparison of proposals 4.5 Test Cases A test case is a set of condition or variables under which a tester will determine wheatear a system works correctly or under test satisfies requirement. Process of developing test case may help to find problem in the requirement or design of an application. It simple define that test cases are a set of condition or combination of variables under which tester/engineer will identify wheatear the application under test is working correctly or not. Below show the cases for several process in the Proposal Selection System 39

54 4.5.1 Login Table 8: Test Cases Failed Login Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Go to login page Preview page loaded 2. Enter the following detail: Admin word: Click Login Button Message Username & 4. Enter again the correct Identification Number and word word Incorrect. Try Again! Message Login Success! Table 9: Test Cases Success Admin Login Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Enter the following detail: Admin word: Click Login Button Message Login Success! 40 Admin homepage display

55 Table 10: Test Cases Success Inventor Login Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Enter the following detail: Inventor Username: aiman word: Click Login Button Message Login Success! Student homepage display Table 11: Test Cases Success Investor Login Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Enter the following detail: Investor Username: KleZcar word: Click Login Button Message Login Success! Lecturer homepage display 41

56 4.5.1 Admin Table 12: Test Cases Update Inventor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Add User and then Inventor 2. Enter the following detail: Student ID: Student Name: Noor Syafiqah Azim Bt Zainal Student Course : ISMSK (KESELAMATAN RANGKAIAN KOMPUTER) Form to add inventor 3. Click Submit Button Message New record successfully saved or failure 42

57 Table 13: Test Cases Add Investor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Add User and then Investor 2. Enter the following detail: Investor ID: PSSI01 Investor Name: KlezCar Form to add investor Company Phone Number: Click Submit Button Message New record successfully saved or failure Table 14: Test Cases Update New Inventor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Report and then Inventor List of inventor record 2. Click Edit Button Form with inventor detail 43

58 3. Enter the following detail: Student Name: Noor Syafiqah Azim Bt Zainurin 4. Click Submit Button Message Inventor Data successfully Update! 44

59 Table 15: Test Cases Update Investor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Add User and then Investor 2. Enter the following detail: Investor ID : PSSI01 Investor Name: KlezCar Company Phone Number: Form to add investor 3. Click Submit Button Message New record successfully saved or failure Table 16: Test Cases Delete Inventor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Report and then Investor List of investor record 2. Click Edit Button Form with investor detail 3. Enter the following detail: Investor Name: KleZZCar Company 45

60 4.5.2 Investor Table 17: Test Cases Delete Investor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Report and then Investor 2. Click Remove Button which investor you want to remove List of investor record Confirmation box Are you sure want to delete record (Investor ID)? 3. Click Ok Message preview successful or Failure Table 18: Test Cases View Profile Detail Investor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Profile View profile detail 2. Click Update Personal Info Button 3. Enter the following detail: Name : KLezCar Company Old word: 123 New word: 1234 Form with profile detail 4. Click Submit Button Message preview successful of Failure 46

61 4.5.3 Inventor Table 19: Test Cases Change Profile Photo Inventor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Profile View profile detail 2. Click Choose file Button Select Picture from document 3. Select picture name: mimie.png 4. Click Save Button New picture has been uploaded Table 20: Test Cases Update Profile inventor Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Profile View profile detail 2. Click Update Personal Info Button 3. Enter the following detail: Name : Noor Syafiqah Azim Bt. Zainurrin Old word: 123 New word: ika123 Form with profile detail 4. Click Submit Button Message preview successful of Failure 47

62 Table 21: Test Cases Add Proposal Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Add Proposal Info Form to add list of Proposal Info 2. Enter following details: Proposal Title: Internship Recommendation System(IRS) Proposal Info: Summary about system Proposal Category: Community Investment Price (RM): RM900 Develop Duration (months): 7 months Commercial Value (%): 5% 3. Click Submit Button Message New record successfully saved or failure 48

63 Table 22: Test Cases Update Proposal Step Procedure Expected Result /Fail 1. Click Report and then Proposal List of proposal 2. Click Update Button Form with details of proposal 2. Enter following details: Proposal Title: Internship Recommend System(IRS) Proposal Info: Summary about system Proposal Category: Community Investment Price (RM): RM900 Develop Duration (months): 7 months Commercial Value (%): 5% 3. Click Submit Button Message New record successfully saved or failure 49

64 4.6 Summary As a conclusion, this chapter briefly discussed about the implementation of code, interface design and testing of the system. In order to make the system functioning properly. All the test case is test carefully to make sure the intended result. The result of tests was carried out roughly where all input and output of the system view has the explanation behind. Thus, the main process and modules flow are discussed. This functionally had been test and evaluated. 50

65 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.0 Introduction This chapter will discuss a conclusion of this project and the content on this chapter are summary for the whole of this project, project contribution, project limitation and some suggestion for the future. 5.1 Project Contribution Proposal Selection System have been developed for final year student in Faculty of Informatics Computing in UniSZA. It has achieved the objectives and scope of this project. Below is the list of the achievements on this project i. Discover the skills of students and motivate student to create great project ii. iii. Student can improve their final year project in order to attract investor This system gave benefits to the company by getting good project for their company 51

66 5.2 Project Constraint and Limitations There are few problems and limitations that occur throughout the development of these project. The problems and limitation in conducting this study are: i. This system only covers three criteria (Investment price, develop duration and commercial value) ii. AHP scale need to insert manual by investor. 5.3 Testing Analysis After the development of the system are already complete. This system will be test using two techniques of software testing which are black box testing and white box testing in order to examine the functionality of the system. 52

67 5.4 Future Work These are some suggestions that can be made to upgrade the system to be more efficient in future work. The suggestion that need to be considered area: i. Put more criteria for the proposal to help recommend for a better result such as interest rate of the proposal ii. Add more functionality on the system. For example, Investor can leave comment on the inventor proposal, Investor and inventor can also communicate with each other 5.5 Conclusion Proposal Selection System is a system that help student explore new things. Based on the previous study and discussion with supervisor the suitable approach that will be implement in this project is AHP techniques. This system will provide an appropriate platform for investor to select good proposal to be assigned to the best company and help students in promoting their project. Hopefully, this system may help student to discover new things that are suite with their expertise and skill. 53

68 REFERENCES [1] Top 10 Crowdfunding Websites, KCLau, 2013 [2] Multi-Criteria Decision Making Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process for Wicked Risk Problems, G. Cave [3] The Analytic Hierarchy Process, Thomas L. Saaty, 1990 [4] URL: process prioritizeprojects-6608 [5] URL: 54

69 APPENDIX 55

70 Gantt chart KI (2017/2018 Session 1) 56

71 Gantt Chart KI (2017/2018 Session Short Semester) 53 57

72 58

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