TERENGGANU ISLAND RECOMMENDER SYSTEM

Transcription

1 TERENGGANU ISLAND RECOMMENDER SYSTEM NORAINI BT ROSDI BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2018

2 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted by any other degree at University Sultan Zainal Abidin or other institutions. Name: Noraini Binti Rosdi Date:...

3 CONFIRMATION The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision. Name: Puan Rohana Bt Ismail Date:...

4 DEDICATION Alhamdulillah, With the great thanks and grateful to Allah S.W.T who gives an opportunity for me to complete this final year project report smoothly without any hurdle. First, I am very grateful to be in this University Sultan Zainal Abidin due to the presence of all lecturers who did not give up and always give their best to help their student and providing knowledge to their students to make sure that the students will have a bright future. They also always support my final report project proposal which is Terengganu Island Recommender System. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor, Madam Rohana Binti Ismail for her invaluable guidance, ideas and advice to improve my final project proposal. Thank you to DR. Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar, DR. Nurnadiah Binti Zamri and DR. Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad that have been helpful in exchanging ideas, concept, and opinion for my research project. I would like to thank my classmate for their support about my project. Finally, my special thanks to my beloved mother and family for their prayers, love, and encouragement. Thanks to everybody who contributed for this proposal, both directly in giving their support.

5 ABSTRACT Economy percentage in our country mostly depends on the tourist that comes to our beloved country, Malaysia. With a great tradition, different culture, different races, thousands type of food, and beautiful scenery, these have become a huge factor that encourage tourist to visit this country. The problem occurs when tourist did not know the famous or beautiful places that they should go. Not much information available for them. In conjunction with year of visit Terengganu that have been said by Prime Minister, a system is proposed to overcome the problem. This system will help tourist to discover beautiful places in Terengganu. The system is specially designed for tourist that interested to go to the islands as Terengganu has a lot of beautiful islands. The objectives of the system are to design and develop a system that can recommend island to tourist. The Island Recommender system will use a rule-based technique which will operate according to the criteria chose by user. Hopefully, this system can help users especially tourist to manage their trip and time wisely. They can reduce their time to find the places by their own such as get the information from website, magazine and other resources. The system will give information about islands in the Terengganu and the activities that they can do in the islands when system generate a list of islands according to criteria chose by them and the activities that held in that islands.

6 ABSTRAK Peratusan ekonomi di negara kita kebanyakkannya bergantung kepada pelancong yang mengunjungi negara kita yang tercinta iaitu Malaysia. Dengan tradisi yang hebat, kepelbagaian budaya, perbezaan kaum dan bangsa, ribuan jenis makanan dan pemandangan yang indah, ini telah menjadi faktor penyumbang yang telah menggalakkan pelancong asing untuk mengunjungi negara ini. Implikasi mulai timbul apabila pelancong tidak mengetahui tempat-tempat yang menarik dan terkenal yang seharusnya mereka lawati sekiranya mengunjungi negara ini. Ini kerana, kurang maklumat yang ada mengenainya. Sempena tahun melawat Terengganu seperti yang telah diumumkan oleh Perdana Menteri, satu sistem telah diusulkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Sistem ini akan membantu pelancong yang berminat untuk melawati dan menerokai tempat-tempat yang menarik di Terengganu. Sistem ini dibangunkan khusus untuk pelancong yang berminat untuk mengunjungi pulau-pulau disebabkan Terengganu mempunyai banyak pulau-pulau yang cantik. Tujuan sistem ini dibangunkan adalah untuk mencadangkan pulau-pulau yang ada di Terengganu kepada pelancong. Sistem Cadangan Pulau di Terengganu akan menggunakan teknik rule-based yang akan berfungsi mengikut kriteria-kriteria yang telah dipilih oleh pengguna. Diharapkan sistem ini dapat membantu pengguna terutamanya pelancong untuk menguruskan percutian dan masa mereka dengan lebih bijak. Mereka boleh menjimatkan masa mereka untuk mencari maklumat daripada laman sesawang, majalah dan sumber-sumber lain. Sistem tersebut akan memberikan maklumat mengenai pulau-pulau di Terengganu dan aktiviti-aktiviti yang mereka boleh lakukan di pulau-pulau tersebut apabila sistem memaparkan senarai pulau-pulau berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang dipilih oleh mereka dan aktiviti-aktiviti yang ada di pulaupulau tersebut.

7 Table of Contents DECLARATION... i CONFIRMATION... iii DEDICATION... iv ABSTRACT... v ABSTRAK... vi LIST OF TABLES... 9 LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES SCOPE EXPECTED RESULT PROJECT PLANNING CHAPTER SUMMARY CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEM SEARCHING PART USING RULE-BASED SYSTEM: CHAPTER SUMMARY CHAPTER METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION SPIRAL MODEL SOFTWARE AND HARWARE REQUIREMENT SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING CHAPTER SUMMARY CHAPTER IMPLEMENT AND TESTING INTRODUCTION IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER

8 CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION PROJECT CONTRIBUTION PROJECT CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATION FUTURE WORKS CONCLUSION REFERENCES... 61

9 LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 1.7 Project Planning Comparison Between Three Thesis 16

10 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE 2.3 Forward Chaining Spiral Model Framework Of Proposed System Context Diagram DFD Level Manage Admin Process Manage Island Process Manage activity Process Manage Accommodation Process Make Comment Process Update password Process (Admin) Update Password Process (User) Entity Relationship Diagram (a) Database Diagram (b) Table Accommodation (c) Table Island (d) Table Activity (e) Table User (f) Table Daerah (g) Table Comment (h) Table rating (a) homepage (b) Login page (a) Home Interface For Admin (a) Add Island Page (b) Update Island Page (a) Add Activity Page (b) Update Activity Page (c) Delete Activity Page (a) Add Accommodation Page (b) Update Accommodation Page (c) Delete Accommodation Page (a) User s Comment Report (b) Report Rating (c) User s Details Report (d) Island s Details Report (a) Find Island (c) Search Result Interface (d) Add Comment Interface (e) Give Rating Interface Update Profile

11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND As the world evolved and so many developments rising from day to day, there are a lot of things and places that can be discover. Hence, tourism has become the most important part in industry and to the country as it can contribute to economy value. Nowadays, tourist can travel anywhere and anytime they want as the growth rate in online tourism was quickly increase. So, they can easily get the information about the items or places all over the world. Before this, people traditionally used to find information and details desired items or places in some resources such as travel blogs, social media, travel magazines, map services. This will be resulting that the tourist might waste their time in finding information for the places as they need to search for many resources in order to get accurate details about the desired places. In fact, there are still people that used people s experience or knowledge about the places that they used to go to. This may create high probability for tourist to miss other places that maybe far more beautiful and interesting especially when they visit Terengganu as Terengganu has many beautiful and interesting places yet affordable price that they can invest to go to the places. In order to overcome these problems, web-based Island recommender system is proposed that functioned to recommend islands and other places in Terengganu. The system is using rule-based technique to develop this system. The main function of this system is to generate a list of islands and accommodations according to the criteria that were set by a user. Thus, it will make sure that nobody will missed any single islands that they need to go when visiting that beautiful state.

12 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Island recommender system is developed to overcome several problems that arise which are: Lacks resources and information about the islands and other interesting places. Tourist might not know the other beautiful islands as they might find the popular and interesting places only when they find in other resources. Lot of redundant information about the places. As tourist needs to find the information and details about the islands and other places in Terengganu, they need to find it by themselves through many resources such as magazines, websites and newspaper. Sometimes different resources such as websites will give different information for the same places. Time management for the vacation. When tourist did not have enough information about their desired islands or places, they cannot manage their time wisely as they might take longer time than expected in order to find the location or other details about the places. Failed to make budget management In the midst of economy crisis, one must have to plan their vacation wisely in every aspect of life. With the developed of Island recommender system, they get to manage and plan their budget as the system will list the price and the cost that they need to have for desired islands. 1.3 OBJECTIVES To design a web-based system that is user-friendly and make it easy for user to use the system. To develop a web-based system that will help tourist finding information faster and efficient. To implement the rule in the proposed system which is rule-based technique.

13 1.4 SCOPE This system focuses on tourist that visits Terengganu. Island recommender system is divided into two parts which is user (foreigner and local) and admin. Admin in this system will act as an administrator for the system and manage the system. a) User (all people that use the system): Able to enter destination. Able to search island s activities, island s package and island s accommodations. Able to add comment. Able to delete comment. Able to give rating. b) Admin: Able to log in as administrator. Able to add and update islands. Able to add and update activities. Able to view reports. 1.5 LIMITATION OF WORKS The system only allowed user to view the details about the places based on the criteria that selected by them. The system is not developed for booking process. To book the places, the users need to do it themselves by contact the travel agency or the owner of the accommodations via the contact number provided in the system. Only admin allowed to add, update and delete the data about the places. 1.6 EXPECTED RESULT The system will help tourist to manage time and money wisely while travelling to Terengganu. The system will meet user requirement and fully functioned according to the requirement needed.

14 1.7 PROJECT PLANNING ACTIVITY WEEK Project title decision and meeting with supervisor 2. Project Title Registration 3. Discussion and writing for chapter 1 In Project Proposal 4. Proposal Writing Chapter 2: Literature Review 5. Presentation and Evaluation for proposal project 6. Correction of the Proposal 7. Proposed solution Chapter 3: Methodology 8. Proof of Concept 9. Seminar Preparation 10. Seminar Presentation and Evaluation 11. Finalizing Report of the Proposal 12. Final Report Submission and Evaluation

15 1.8 CHAPTER SUMMARY In this chapter, we have discussed about the introduction of the system, problem statements, objectives, scopes and expected result that we can get from the proposed system. We also get to identify the limitations that we will have to face when developing the proposed system. Even though there are a few limitations that have in this system, the system still can become a useful and can give benefit to user.

16 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION The literature review is an evaluative report of information that was found in the literature related to our selected area of study. In this review, it should be concise but understandable, evaluate and clarify the literature [1]. Apparently, there are some resolutions that were proposed on Tourism Recommender System used by world-wide. Tourism Recommender System is quite similar to Island recommender system. Thus, it can be reference for the proposed system. Hence, there are several articles and existing system written on this subject [2]. Recommender system functioned as information filtering systems that filter information based on user preferences, interests, or observed behaviour about the items based on user s profile and these systems are widely used in e-commerce business as the systems can bring huge benefits to the companies and the users [3] Recommender system is importance to apply in island recommendation system as it can give more accurate information based on user s choices. It also can improve decision making process and the quality of information that will be given to the users. The benefits of applying rule-based technique in island recommendation system are the system can deliver faster information and shorter lists of islands based on user s preferences and it can make users can easily making choices after reviewing the related information. For the purpose of this literature review, some of the articles and existing system are relevant to this proposed system and this research while there are some of them that are not directly related to it, but it still can be referenced and useful enough to be some part of it. Table 1 below indicates the summary of literature review.

17 COMPARISON BETWEEN THREE THESIS: NO Author Title Method Description Advantages Disadvantages 1 Nadia Binti Course Rule This system was -management of -Only student Mohd Latiff recommendation Based developed to course registration bachelor s in (2015) and registration (Data recommend become faster and software system Mining) course based and more efficient. development register course -can recommend course can use suitable course for this system. every category student such as for student that -The scope for this project is failed the course, too small. student with credit transfer, etc. 2 Muhammad Amirul Adib Bin Abdul Samad (2017) 3 Siti Azmira Binti Azmi (2015) Rule-Based Tourism Recommender System Rule- Based E-Faraid system by using rulebased. Rule- Based This system is developed to provide alternative to the concept of tour guides where the system will recommend the place to traveller based on the criteria that were entered by them. This system was developed to estimate and state the distribution procedures for an inheritance of Muslim who have already passed away by implementing rule-based technique in algorithm of the system. -Time taken for the vacation and budget planning can be reduce with this system because user do not have to spend more time to find the information about the places that they plan to go. -Rules that were used in the system were closely related to human reasoning. -Can solve inheritance distribution on shorter time. -The system is too simple -Not properly User friendly (no button back when user already gets to view the information). -The interface not too attractive. -The amount of the system calculated might not exactly same with the exact amount. Table 1 Comparison between thesis

18 2.2 RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEM As technology evolved from day to day, the systems that were developed will be more complex and the purpose for develop them become wider. This will result in the use of artificial intelligent in many domains that widely used in the development of an expert system. Expert system or knowledge base can be defined as a program that attempts to operate like human expertise by applying inference method to a specific body of knowledge or domain [4]. Rulebased techniques that will be applied in this system refer to a set of rules which represent the knowledge about the domain [5]. In simple words, the idea of rule based expert system is to represent domain expert knowledge in a form called rules which consist of several premises and conclusion. The way it operates is if all the premises are true, then the conclusion is considered true. The component of a rule-based expert system includes the knowledge base, inference engine, knowledge acquisition component, and explanation system [4] Knowledge Base: Knowledge base contains the domains of knowledge useful for problem solving [5]. In rule based expert system, the knowledge is represented as a set of rules and each rule will specifies a relation, recommendation, directive, strategy or heuristic and it has the IF(condition) THEN (action) structure. When the condition part of the rule is satisfied, the rule is said to fire and the action part is executed Database: Set of facts used to match and against the IF (condition) part of rules stored in the knowledge base. Knowledge base with facts contained in the database. If the rule is matched with fact, the knowledge base will fire the fact into the database [6] Inference Engine: The inference engine applies logical rules to the knowledge base and deduced new knowledge. It carries out the reasoning where the expert system reaches a solution, It links the rule given in the knowledge base with the facts provided in the database. Inference engines work primarily in one of two modes (either rule or fact which is forward chaining and backward chaining) Explanation Facilities: Enable user to ask the expert system how a particular conclusion is reached and why a specific fact is needed. Providing such an explanation facility can helps to record what conclusion is used in drawing conclusions to compose explanation like have been said before User Interface: The purpose of a user interface is used for communication between a user that seek for solution to the problem and expert system. The user will enter keyword and will pass to

19 explanation facilities. All the query will be send to inference engine and then it will check in knowledge base and database at the same time. 2.3 SEARCHING PART USING RULE-BASED SYSTEM: Rule-based system is the domain knowledge represented by a set of production rules (IF-THEN) and data represented by a set of fact about the current situation [7]. The component in rule-based expert system which is inference engine will compare each rule that stored in in the knowledge base with the facts that contains in the database. When the condition and the fact match with each other, the rule will be fired and action part will be executed. Inference engine can work in two modes which are special rule or fact (forward and backward chaining). In this system, inference engine will work in forward chaining as it suitable for the system. Forward chaining is a technique used for gathering information in order to achieve goals by executes rules. In fact, it also can execute rules that have nothing to do with the establishing goals [9]. For example, if we have 5 rules in knowledge base and we want to determine fact Z. according to fact Z, 4 out of five rules were fired but the other rule will also be fired. This can be shown in Figure 2.3 below. Figure 2.3 Forward chaining

20 2.4 CHAPTER SUMMARY For the summary of this chapter, rule based is one of the most suitable techniques that can be applied into this proposed system as the system is developed for recommending islands that locate in Terengganu for the user. For this proposed system, inference engine will work by using forward-chaining principal. This technique will execute related rules and other rules that not related to the goals as well. With the algorithm and the concept of this principal, the system can be one of the best recommender systems for user.

21 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION The methodology is the process, step or stages that were used in order to collect information and data for the purpose of making decisions. The methodology is chosen from the software development life cycle model or SDLC model. The system development life cycle model that will be used for this system is Iterative and Incremental Model or known as spiral model. In this chapter, it will explain more detail about every phase that involved and need to follow to develop the proposed system. 3.2 SPIRAL MODEL The development of the island recommender system is proposed by using iterative and incremental model or spiral model as shown in Figure 3.2. By apply spiral model to develop the proposed system, it brings many advantages such as it allows the system to be developed phase by phase and it also make the system easier to return to previous phase in case the system need to be fix even though the deliverables had been done. Besides that, spiral model also allows any enhancement and changes can be done in between any phases. The cost to make changes only involved little cost because of the frequency of new increments that are produced. The phases that involved in this model are initial planning, planning, requirements, analysis and design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and deployment phase. For each iteration, any additional features can be designed, developed, implemented, and tested until the system is fully functional and ready to be deployed. Figure 3.2 Spiral Model

22 3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase In this phase, all the activities are planned according to a given period to complete the system. This phase begins with the brainstorming session with supervisor to come up with the idea and title for the project. From the brainstorming session with the supervisor, we come up with title of this system which is Island Recommender System. From this session also, we have been discussing the functionality and the suitable algorithm that can be applied for developing this system. From the discussion, the proposed system will develop by using rule-based algorithm. The proposed system will develop by using PHP and MySQL as a web-based system. Existing system and journal about the similar system that will be developed also become as reference to act as guidelines aid for developing this system. Based on the observation that have been make before, the system that will be developed will give a huge benefit to user as it needed for user to find their ideal islands that located in Terengganu Planning Phase After initial planning has been made, the development project is carried with planning phase. In planning phase, problem statement needs to be defined and it can be obtained by making several observation and study about the problem that need to be solved using the system. The problems that occur to tourist when they come to visit Terengganu and did not know the beautiful and interesting places such as islands in Terengganu has been one of the reason to propose the system. This is due to lack of information and medium to spread the information about the places. In this phase too, objectives of this system have been discussed and one of the objectives is to provide information and suggestion of islands that can be ideal islands for the tourist. The scope of this project also discussed during this phase where the system can be used by tourist and people who want to visit Terengganu and the islands that cover in this system is only at Terengganu. The existing system become reference in order to develop the system and it can be guidelines for developing the system. These existing systems are important to be reviewed so that the criteria and the way system work can be guidelines for developing proposed system. There are several systems that can be reviewed such as trivago.com, booking.com and others Requirement Phase In this phase, existing systems are analysed and all of the requirements that area needed to develop the new system are identified. In this phase, the information regarding Island Recommender System either in the journals, articles, websites, or research papers are gathered and studied. The finding is summarized and analysed to find the requirement of the system as a functional and non-functional requirement. The requirements for Island Recommender System are as follow: Analyses the needs of islands based on location The way to implement rule-based algorithm All existing system about islands to be as references

23 3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase In this phase, the design of the system is created and the development of the prototype based on the functionalities that will be built such as add island, update island, delete island. The requirement obtained has been figured out at this phase which has been identified has the most relevant reason: I. There is less information about islands in Terengganu via online. II. There are many beautiful and interesting islands in Terengganu but did not listed in any website. III. The information that user gets from website usually redundant and not up to date. So, based on the requirement gather, a data and process modelling has been designed. Data for the island based on the location has been designed. Then, the process modelling is divided into two modules which are admin process and user process. The process involved is: a) Admin: Login into the system Can add, update and delete details of island and activities. b) User: search the island based on the criteria chosen see result of island based on criteria chosen add or delete comment regarding to the islands in the system Implementation and Testing Phase This phase is the most important phase in development project because all the coding is coded in the system. For Island Recommender System, it will be built by using PHP, javascript and MySQL. For the first thing that need to do in this phase is develop admin module as this module is very important. This is because, only admin can manage islands and activities in the system. Admin need to add or update the details of the island or activities first so that user can view the details of the islands. Then, user module is developed where user can search the islands based on the criteria that they need to choose in the system. User also can add or delete comment about the islands so that the other user can view the comment and maybe the user can give suggestion and rating in the comment for respective islands. After the module of admin and user are complete, the modules were tested to ensure that the system is working fully and meet user requirement. This can be tested by using login process to ensure that each condition was processed by a system is correct.

24 3.2.6 Evaluation Phase In evaluation phase, Island Recommender System will be evaluated and tested to know whether the objectives of the system are achieved or not. In order to test this system, the system will be evaluated whether the recommendation of the islands based on the criteria that were chosen by user are correct or not. Then the system will be evaluated whether the algorithm that was implement in the system development which is rule-based technique Is actually working or not Deployment Phase Once the evaluation phase complete, Island Recommendation System is deployed in the environment so that the targeted user can use the system. The system will be released to end user to implement whether the system function well or not.

25 3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARWARE REQUIREMENT In order to develop this system, software and hardware tools are very important and essential. Without these tools, the development of the system will become a failure. So, in order to complete the development of the project, the facilities and tools from software and hardware must be used. The consumption of these facilities depends on cost and the availability of these facilities. There is several software or tools that were used in order to complete the project which are clickchart, balsamic, Microsoft excel, Notepad++ and other. 3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING Framework, Context Diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD) level 0 and 1, entity relationship diagram (ERD) are explained in detailed. Data modelling is required to facilitate the interaction between system designer, programmer and end-user. Making an early modelling can help to identify the needs, problem and possible solutions during the project. All design in data modelling is focused because this data model will determine on how the flow of the system. But more important is CD because it shows the interaction between entities and the system. In ERD, it shows the relationship between the entity and the system where the admin and user will be entity and island will be criteria. Admin will manage island and activities where the relationship between admin and island is one-to-many relationship. One admin can manage many islands and many islands can be managed by one admin while relationship between admin and activities is also one-to-many where one admin will manage many activities and many activities can be managed by one admin. User can view and make comment to islands. The relationship between user and comment is one-to-many where one user can make many comments on the islands in system and many comments can be made by one user.

26 3.4.1 Framework The framework of the system describes how the user and admin interact with the system where admin can log into the system and manage information while the user also need to log into the system in order to view islands based on the criteria that were chosen by them and filter by the system. User will enter keyword then the query will pass to inference engine to match between the fact and the rules that are contain in the database. If the rules match with the database, then it will fire to database. If the rule not matches, inference engine will create a new rule in database and check with external database. User also can make comment on the islands in the system. The figure below show the framework of the proposed system. Figure Framework of the proposed system

27 3.4.2 Process Model Context Diagram The diagram as shown in Figure is a context diagram that show the data flow for island recommender system using rule-based method. There are two main actors which are Admin and User. The context diagram shows the overall function of the system. Admin and user need to login into this system in order to manage and interact with the system. Admin and User need to enter the ID and password to login into the system. Admin can manage island, activity and accommodation details while user can view island details based on criteria chosen by them and give comment about the islands. Figure Context Diagram

28 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 The data flow in the system is presented in Figure There are seven processes involved which are Manage Admin, Manage Island, Manage Activity, Manage Accommodation, Search, Manage Profile and Make Comment. Every process of the system will interact with their related table or data store in the database in order to complete the process. But, at the process 5.0, where the search process has different database involved which is database rule. The user will enter the query to the system where the process search will process the query and compare the rule with the table island record, activity record and accommodation record whether it match the query or not. If the rule not exist, it will write the new rule and execute the rule. Figure Data Flow Diagram (Level 0)

29 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level Manage Admin Process The detail of data flow for manage admin process is represented in Figure There are two processes involved which are login and update password. Admin can login into the system by entering adminid and password. Admin entity also can update the password Manage Island Process Manage Admin Process (DFD Level 1) The details of data flow for Manage Island Process is represented in Figure There are three processes involved which are add island, update island and delete island. All of this process will be managed by admin where the information of the island will be stored in data store island record. Only admin can manage and use this process. Figure Manage Island Process

30 Manage Activity Process The details of data flow for Manage Activity Process is represented in Figure There are three processes involved which are add activity, update activity and delete activity. All of this process will be managed by admin where the information of the activity will be stored in data store activity record. Only admin can manage and use this process. Figure Manage Activity Process (DFD Level 1) Manage Accommodation Process The details of data flow for Manage Accommodation Process is represented in Figure There are three processes involved which are add accommodation, update accommodation and delete accommodation. All of this process will be managed by admin where the information of the accommodation will be stored in data store accommodation record. Only admin can manage and use this process. Figure Manage Accommodation Process (DFD Level 1)

31 Make Comment Process The details of data flow for Manage Comment Process is represented in Figure There are three processes involved which are add comment, delete comment and give rating to the islands that they viewed based on the criteria chosen. All of this process will be use by user where the information about the comment that has been created by user will be stored in data store comment record. Figure Make Comment Process (DFD Level 1)

32 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level Update Password Process (Admin and User) The detail of data flow for the process of update password for admin and user is represented in Figure and Figure There are three processes involved which are verify old password, update new password and verify new password. The info of these password will be stored in data store Admin Record and User Record. Figure Update Password Process (Admin) Figure Update Password Process (User)

33 3.4.3 Data Model Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Figure below shows the entity relationship Diagram (ERD) for Terengganu island Recommender System Using Rule-based Technique. An ERD is a data modelling technique that creates graphical representation of the entities and the relationships between the entities in the system. There are two entities that interact with system which are admin and user. Admin can manage island, activity and accommodation. Admin only has three attribute which are adminid as primary key, username and password. Admin can add details of island, activity and accommodation based on attribute that shown in the figure above. Island has twelve attributes which are islandid, islandname as primary key, address, location, distance, estimatedtime, transportation and contact. While the attributes for activity are activityid as primary key, activityimage, activityname, agency, pakej, price, contact and islandid as foreign key. The attributes for accommodation are accoid as primary key, acconame, photos, type, price, Distance, address, location and islandid as foreign key. The relationship between the admin and island is 1 to many where 1 admin can manage many islands while many islands can be managed by 1 admin only. The relationship between admin and activity also same where 1 admin can manage many activities while many activities can be managed by 1 admin only. The relationship between island and activity is many to many where many islands can have many activities while many activities can have many islands. The relationship between admin and accommodation is 1 to many where 1 admin can manage many accommodations while many accommodations can be managed by 1 admin only. Relationship between island and comment is one to many where 1 island can have many comments while many comments can have 1 island only. User can search island and make comment about the island. User has four attributes which are userid, username, password and . User can input keyword (query) to search about island, add comment and delete comment. Comment has three attributes which are username, suggestion and rating. The relationship between user and comment is many to many which are many users can make many comments while one comment can be made by many users.

34 Figure Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

35 3.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY In this chapter, we have been discussed about the methodology that need to be used in order to developed proposed system and the phases that involved and need to be followed accordingly. This chapter also explain about the software and hardware and the technique that will be implemented in order to develop a useful system so that it will meet user requirement.

36 CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENT AND TESTING 4.1 INTRODUCTION Implementation and testing are executed for ensuring that the system developed according to user requirement. The process that carried out in this phase involved building system interface so that the system can function completely and user-friendly with the help of complete user manual. This phase also a process of defining how the information system can achieve main objectives of the system before it can be delivered to user. In order to achieve the objective of the system, a few of the testing approaches have been carried out which include unit testing, integration testing and system testing. 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION Database Design Figure (a) show list of tables in the database. There are seven (7) tables which are accommodation table (acco), activity, user table (admin), comment, look up table (daerah), island, rating and comment table (tbl_comment). The acco, activity and island table store the details of accommodation, activity and island respectively. Meanwhile, admin table stores the details of user which included user and admin. Comment table stores the details of the comment while rating table stores the details of island s rating. Daerah table is the look up table of the location of the islands. Figure (a) Database Of Terengganu Island Recommender System

37 Figure (b) show the list of attributes that located in table accommodation. There are nine (9) attributes which are accoid (primary key), islandid (foreign key), photos, acconame, type, Distance, address, location, contact. Figure (b) Table Accomodation Figure (c) show the list of attributes in island table. There are seven (7) attributes stored in island table which are image, islandid (primary key), islandname, Address, location, distance, estimatedtime, transportation and contact. Figure (c) Table Island

38 Figure (d) show list of attributes that stored in activity table. There are eight (8) attributes in table activity which are photo, islandid (Foreign Key), activityid (Primary Key), activityname, agency, pakej, price and contact. Figure (d) Table Activity Figure (e) show list of attributes that stored in table User. There are six (6) attributes which are adminid, username, , password, trn_date and role. The primary key in table admin is adminid. Trn_date is the date that they user register or the data of the user store in database. Figure (e) Table User

39 Figure (f) show the list of attributes in daerah table. Daerah table is a look up table that will be use to display location or district that available in Terengganu. There are two attributes in the table which are daerahid (primary key) and daerahname. Figure (f) Table Daerah Figure (f) show the list of attributes in the comment table. There are four (4) attributes in table comment which are commentid (Primary Key), islandid (Foreign Key), adminid (Foreign Key) and suggestion. Figure (g) Table Comment

40 Figure (g) show list of attributes in rating table. There are four (4) attributes in rating table which are rating_id (Primary Key), island_id (Foreign Key), adminid (Foreign Key) and rating. Figure 4.2.1(h) Table Rating

41 Interface Design Homepage Figure (a) shows the homepage for Terengganu Island Recommender System. This page will display when user did not login into the system yet. In other word, only this page can be view by user that did not register or login. If they want to view more pages, they need to login into the system first. In this page, user can view map of the islands that located in Terengganu and they can get to view most popular islands (based on rating gave by user). Figure (a) Homepage Figure (a) Homepage (continue)

42 Figure Homepage (continue) Figure (b) shows login page. User and Admin need to login to view more pages. Figure (b) Login Page

43 Admin Page Homepage For Admin After Admin success login into the system, the system will redirect the admin to homepage admin as shown in figure (a). Figure (a) Home interface for Admin

44 Manage Island In manage island process, admin get to choose whether he/she want to add new details of island or update the existing details of island that stored into database. In page add island details, Admin required to fill the form as shown below to store the details about the island. After Admin click button submit, the system will display messages to admin to notify the admin that the details of island have been successfully store in table island. Figure (a) Add Island Page In page update island, admin can update details of the islands and he/she also can search the islands in search bar as shown in figure below. Figure (b) Update Island Page

45 Manage Activity In manage Activity process, admin get to choose whether they want to add new details of activity, update the existing details of activity or delete the details of activity in database. In page add activity details, Admin required to fill the form as shown below to store the details about the activity. After Admin click button submit, the system will display messages to admin to notify the admin that the details of activity have been successfully store in table activity. Figure (a) Add Activity Page In page update activity, admin can update details of the activity and he/she also can search the activity details in search bar as shown in figure below. Figure (b) Update Activity Page

46 In page delete activity, admin can delete details of the activity and he/she also can search the activity in search bar as shown in figure below. When admin click button delete, there will be a pop-up message that ask for confirmation whether he/she want to delete the details or not. Figure (c) Delete Activity Page Figure (d) Delete Activity Page (continue)

47 Manage Accomodation In manage accommodation process, admin get to choose whether they want to add new details of accommodation, update the existing details of accommodation or delete the details of accommodation in database. In page add accommodation details, Admin required to fill the form as shown below to store the details about the accommodation. After Admin click button submit, the system will display messages to admin to notify the admin that the details of accommodation have been successfully store in table accommodation. Figure (a) Add Accommodation Page In page update activity, admin can update details of the activity and he/she also can search the islands in search bar as shown in figure below. Figure (b) Update Accommodation Page

48 In page delete accomodation, admin can delete details of the accommodation and he/she also can search the islands in search bar as shown in figure below. When admin click button delete, there will be a pop-up message that ask for confirmation whether he/she want to delete the details or not. Figure (c) Delete Accommodation Page Figure (c) Delete Accommodation Page (continue)

49 Report Admin can view report about user s comment, rating, user s details and island s details (a) User s Comment Report (b) Report Rating

50 (c) Report About User Details (d) Report About Island Details

51 User Page User Search After User success login into the system, the system will redirect the user to find island page. In this page, the user needs to choose the criteria which are type (island or accommodation). If the user choose island type, the user need to choose other criteria which are location, package and price. If the user chooses accommodation type, the user needs to choose other criteria which are type of accommodation (hotel, homestay, resort or chalet), location and price. Figure (a) Find Island Page (if user choose island type) Figure (b) Find Island Page (if user choose accommodation type)

52 When user click button search after choosing the criteria that display in search island page, the result based on the criteria chosen by them will display as shown in the figure (c). Figure (c) Search Result Interface When the result of island display based on the criteria chosen, the user can view comment or add comment about the package of islands, give rating to the islands and view details of travel agency. The interface of add comment will shown as the Figure (d). Figure (d) Add Comment Interface

53 Figure (e) Give Rating Interface

54 Manage Profile (Admin and User) Admin and User can update their profile by changing their details in the form as shown in Figure They can update their username and . Figure Update Profile Interface Change Password (Admin and User) Admin and User can update their password by inserting their new password. Before that, they need to insert their current or old password so that they can change to new password. Figure Change Password Interface

55 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION Test Cases A test case can be defined as a condition under which a tester will determine whether the system, software or the application build is working as it was originally functioning according to their intended purpose of building it. The important of the test case is it can help to find out the problems that might happen on the function that make the system not working properly according to the system requirements. In a test case, it consists of a component which describes an input, action or event and an expected response. All of those are used to determined whether the system working properly. The tables below show the test cases for the several processes of the system.

56 Test Test Case Login Pre-condition: The admin and user must register first so that their details already stored in database Step Action Expected Response 1 Fill userid field in Validate the form login. field. The system will check whether the userid in form = userid 2 Fill password field in form login. in database. Validate the field. The system will check whether the password in form = password in database. 3 Click login button Login to homepage. Pass/Fail if userid = userid in database, it will pass. if password = password in database, it will pass. Pass Comment Proceed to next field. Invalid or empty password will not be allowed. Invalid user ID or password, the page will remain the same. Post-condition: If the admin or user successfully login, homepage according to their roles will be displayed.

57 Test Case Find Island Pre-conditions: - User must login into the system. -user must be on find island page after login Step Action Expected Response 1 User select type whether If user select island or type island, the accommodation in the system will form. display another option which is package. If user select type accommodation, system will display another option which is type of accommodation. 2 User select location in Validate the the form. field. 3 User select price in the Validate the form. field. 4 User select location in Validate the the form. field 5 User select package in Validate the the form 6 User click search button field Compare the value of the selected options in the form with the database. If yes, it will display the result of islands or accommodations according to the options selected. Pass/Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Comment Empty field will not be allowed. Empty field will not be allowed. Empty field will not be allowed. Empty field will not be allowed. Empty field will not be allowed. Empty field will not be allowed. Post-condition: Result of the islands or accommodations will be displayed.