"Assembly language" and Assembler" are two different notions. The first

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1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE 3-1 Salient features of Assembly Language "Assembly language" and Assembler" are two different notions. The first represents a set of rules used in w riting a program lor a mierocontroller and the other is program on the personal computer, w hich translates assembly language into a language of zero's and one's i.e., machine language. The place where this translation of assembly language is found is called an execution file. Hex file comes from a hexadecimal representation of that file. An assembly language program is written in a program for text processing (editor) and is capable of producing an ASCII file on the computer disc or in specialized surroundings such as Assembler ASMSI.The software can be written in Assembly level language, using ASMS 1, w hich is easy to simulate the program into the chip 27

2 3.2 Cross assembler overview The 8051 Cross Assembler takes an assembly language source file created with a text editor and translates it into a machine language object file. This translation process is done in two passes over the source file. During the first pass, the Cross Assembler builds a symbol table from the symbols and labels used in the source file. It is during the second pass that the Cross Assembler actually translates the source file into the machine language object file. It is also during the second pass that the listing is generated Development tools A number of development tools like ALS-B-30, KEIL, Silicon Laboratories IDE, Ride IDE, silicon Laboratories IDE are available in the market. The development tools allow users to efficiently develop and debug application code. Different tools support different Microcontroller families. The ALS-b- 30 development tool is supported to ATMEL microcontrollers 89C2051, 89C51/52/53 chips and also MCS 51 instruction based chips. 28

3 The ALS development tools can be broken down into three categories. Source Code generation Debugging Simulator After generating and debugging the application software, the device needs to be programmed Source Code Generation Hie Source code is generated using ALS assembler. The assembly language code generation needs an Editor to create and edit text files such as source files. The text file which is in an ASCII file format has been prepared by Editor Program with the text file name must have the extension.asm (example: myfile.asm) Debugging Software debugging will assemble the program and inform any errors that are found, to the list file (myfile.lst) to the computer screen or print the listing to a printer. All errors in syntax will be shown by the assembler in the.lst file. The program that has been successfully debug is not 29

4 guaranteed to work. It is only grammatically correct i.e. to check the instructions written that are correct or not. After the debugging program the assembler produces two output files. 1. A file with the same name as the input ASCII text file, which has the extension.lst, is the assembled file complete with line numbers, memory address, hex codes, mnemonics, and comments. 2. A file with the same name as the input ASCII text file, which has the extension.hex, in the hex file format Simulator Simulator means testing the program whether the code output is successfully correct or not. After debugging, the assembler produces two files. The.hex file contains the.hex code form and the.lst file, together with special leading (; xxxxxxxx) and trailing character (the last byte in each line, which is a checksum) that can be loaded into the simulator and run. The monitors are usually adequate for simple program tests: Instruction single-step or run Display register and memory contents Stop at selected program address 30

Simulator usually shows the internal register and memory locations on the computer screen of the PC(personal computer) and allow the programmer to perform all of the operations listed above for

5 Simulator usually shows the internal register and memory locations on the computer screen of the PC(personal computer) and allow the programmer to perform all of the operations listed above for monitor, with the added advantage of watching the data change as the programs operates. This saves considerable time because the register and memory contents do not have to be displayed using separate monitor commands. '$8051SIM r'l PPC ACC B SP DPTR P2 FF po ff nniin?1 FF P3 ff ilium REG R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R DO Aacir Opcoas Instructions JOOOO ^3 5S3 l5ibiorl: ANL 41,# ORL A, F ORL A,R ANL A,R ORL A,R1 900A 4E ORL A,R6 000E 4449 ORL A,#49 ioood 5245 ANL 45,A IP IE PSW CY AC FO RS OV X P CYCLE Status ON BP 0 XXXX 1 XXXX 2 XXXX 3 XX>0< Cnt Rat ON (Ext Rat! ON ; Program ON F ESSAGEBO E XlfOIREC E 03 0B E 44 T;..SEND 4D F MESSAGEo 8051SIM Version 3.40 Copyright ,89 HiTech Equipment Corporation Fig 3.1 Simulator

6 3.3 ATMEL 89C51 Programmer ATMEL programmers contain Uploader software. The Uploader software is used to download HEX file from PC to microcontroller. The ATMEL programmer is an easy-to-use, low-cost prototype programmer. It connects to the PC via one of the COM (RS-232) ports. Uploader is not recommended for production programming. Uploader supports all 89C51/52/55 and 89c55WD devices. Uploader.exe 1. If IC is not placed on the programmer, Uploader searches in COM1 (communication) port. 2. If IC is placed on the ZIP socket, it detects IC number automatically as shown in the below EZ-Downloader V4.0 r jlock! Fast Verify $ Send Figure 3.2 EZ Downloader

7 The Uploader executable file shows EZ-downloader 4th version. EZdownloader contains the following options a) lock b) Fast Verify c) Send d) Read e) Detect IC number. Lock: Lock option is to protect the software (code) when the lock code enabling lock bit Fast Verify: The code downloaded after Fast verifying whether the chip containing code is correct or not. Send: This option is to burn the hex code in the Microcontroller chip.

8 Read: This option it to read hex code from the Microcontroller chip Detect IC number: 1C is placed on the ZIP socket. It detects :: No automatically as shown in figure 3.2.

9 3.4 Pseudo Code Major Steps included in the processing: 1) Read the three LDRs data (Red, Green, Blue) from ADC 2) Store the data in data memory locations 3) Compare the data with already stored lookup tables colour data 4) If not matched with any one of the stored colour, reset the program and execute program. Otherwise the colour of the object is identified 5) The identified colour voice is sent with the help of EPROM, DAC and Speakers 35

10 3.5 Flow chart 36

11 Sub- routine for read the data from sensors Read the data from ADC Store it in mentor}', select next channel and decrement counter NO Return to main program

12 Sub-routine for comparing the object colour data with system standard data:

13 Sub-routine for calculating the memory starting and ending address and Send the data, memory to DAC for voice: 39

14 3.5 Detailed Program ORG 0000H COL DATA: MOV 10HJ0C1H MOV 11H,#0C2H ;RED MOV 12H,#0ABH MOV 13HJ0B4H MOV 14H,#0AEH ;GREEN MOV 15H,#OC3H MOV 16H,#0C7H MOV 17H,#0C4H ;BLUE MOV 18H,#0D1H MOV 19H,#0B6H MOV 1AH,#0B3H ;ROSE MOV 1 BH,#09CH

15 MOV ICH,#0B9H MOV I DH.#OBDH :YELLOW MOV IEHJ0A3H MOV 1 FH,#0C0H MOV 20HJ0BDH ;ORENGE MOV 21H,#0A3H MOV 22HJ9CH MOV 23HJ9DH ;WHITE MOV 24H,#0A3H MOV 25H,#0D0H MOV 26H,#0CEH ;BLACK MOV 27H,#0D8H RET AGAIN: MOV 81 H #07H ; INTIALIZE STACK POINTER MOV R1,#03H MOV R0,#40H ; COUNTER FOR ADC 3 channel : STROING ADDRESS FOR 3 LDRs DATA 41

16 MOV 70HJ00H : SELECTING FIRST CHANNEL : CALLING ALL SUBROTINE PROGRAMES ACALL ADC CON : ADC CONTROLL SIGNALS ACALL COMPER : IDENTIFING COLOUR ACALL VOICE DATA ; SENDING IDENTIFIED COLOUR VOICE LJMP AGAIN : ADCCON: MOV A,70H ANL A,#0FFH ; SbNDING PO. 1 AND P0.2 SELECTING MOV P0,A SETB PO.O ; SENDING SOC FOR ADC MOV R5J0FFH ; DELAY RXI: MOV R4,#0FFH DJNZ R4,$ DJNZ R5,RXI CLR PO.O 42

17 MOV R5,#0FFH RX2: MOV R4,#0FFH DJNZ R4,$ DJNZ R5.RX2 JNB P0.3XAS 1 : CHEKING EOC SIGNAL AVAILABLE OR NOT MOV AJOOH MOV A,PI ; STROING DATA IN RAM INC RO MOV A,70H : SELECTING NEXT CHANNEL ADD A,#01H MOV 70H,A DJNZ R1,L1 ; DECREMENTING COUNTER FOR 3 CHANNEL LASrSJMP LAST1 LI: MOV R6,#0FFH DJNZ R6,$ ; SMALL DELAY AJMP AGAIN; IF THE 3 CHANNEL NOT ; COMPLETED GO TO THE TOP LAST1: RET 43

18 COMPARING THE STROED DATAS COMPER: MOV R0J10H STARTING ADDRESS OF STORED DATAS MOV R3J00H :COUNTER FOR WHICH COLOUR : DATA IDENTIFIED PZ3: MOV A,@R0 CLRC SUBB A, 40H JNC PZI MOV A, 40 H CLRC SUBB A,@R0 PZI: CLRC MOV 76H,A 44

19 MOV A,#02H SUBB A,76H JNC PZ2 PZ5: MOV A.RO ; IF THE 1 COLOUR NOT MATCHED ADD A,#03H : NEXT COLOUR ADDRESS AND CHECKING MOV R0,A INC R3 CJNE R3,#09,PZ3 ; CHECKING 16 COLOURS ;DATA COMPLETED OR NOT MOV R3,#00H AJMP FIS : IF THE NOT MATCHED ANY ;COLOUR DATA GOTO AGAIN PROCESS PZ2: ; IF THE 1 DATA OF COLOUR IDENTIFIED INC RO ; CHECKING 2nd DATA OF SAME COLOUR MOV A,@R0 ; SAME PROCESS LIKE ABOVE

20 CLRC SUBB A.41H JNC PZ4 MOV A.41H CLRC SUBB PZ4: CLRC MOV 76H,A MOV A,#02H SUBB A.76H JNC PZ6 DECRO PZ8: SJMP PZ5 PZ6: INC RO ; IF 2 DATA OF UNKNOW COLOUR ; MATCHED WITH STORED DATA MOV CHECKING 3 DATA OF SAME COLOUR CLRC SUBB A,42H JNC PZ9 46

21 MOV A.42H CLRC SUBB PZ9: CLRC MOV 76H,A MOV AJ02H SUBB A.76H JNC PZ7 DECRO SJMP PZ8 ; IF THE UNKNOWN COLOUR MATCHED 3 DATAS WITH STROED ;DATA PZ7: MOV 55H,R3 ;R3 COUNTER FOR WHICH ;COLOUR DATA MATCHED MOV R6, 55H ; STORING R3 DATA IN 55H OF ; RAM LOCATION FIS: RET 47

22 SENDING IDENTIFIED COLOUR VOICE DATA VOICE DATA: : CALCULATING ADDRESS OF IDENTIFIED COLOUR DATA IN MOV 50H,#0FH ;MULIPLYING 4000* R3 DATA( 16 BIT* 8 BIT) MOV 51H,#0A0H MOV A.51H MOV B,55H MUL AB MOV 52H,A MOV 53H,B MOV A.50H MOV B,55H MUL AB CLRC ADD A,53H MOV 53H,A 48

23 MOV 50HJ0A0H : INITIALIZING COUNTER MOV 51 IT# 1 OH ; SENDING EPROM DATA THROUGH DAC WITH SPEED 8 KHz Kl: MOV PL52H : LOWER ADDRESS OF EPROM MOV PI,53H ; HIGHER ADDRESS OF EPROM (16 ; BIT ADDRESS) MOV R1JI7H DJNZ Rl,$ ;DELAY FOR FREQUENCY OF 8 KHz CLRC MOV A, 52H ADD A, #01H MOV 52H, A MOV RO, A MOV A,53H ADDC A,#00H MOV 53H,A MOV RI,A CLRC MOV A,50H 49

24 SUBB AJ01H MOV 50H.A CJNE A,#OOH,LX3 CLRC MOV A,51H SUBB AJOIH MOV 51H.A CJNE A,#00H,LX3 SJMP LAS LX3: AJMPK1 LAS: RET END 50

Assembly Language programming (2)

EEE3410 Microcontroller Applications LABORATORY Experiment 2 Assembly Language programming (2) Name Class Date Class No. Marks Arithmetic, Logic and Jump instructions Objectives To learn and practice the