New Features. Version (0)

Transcription

1 New Features Version (0)

2 Copyright Notice All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of Eliis SAS, 187 rue Helene Boucher, Castelnau-le-Lez, FRANCE. Disclaimer The use of this product is governed by the PaleoScan Software License Agreement. Eliis makes no warranty, expressed, implied, or statutory, with respect to the product described herein and disclaims without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Eliis reserves the right to revise the information in this manual at any time without notice. Contact For any information request, you can contact us Web: France Eliis S.A.S Parc Mermoz 187, rue Hélène Boucher Castelnau-le-Lez Phone: +33 (0) USA Eliis Inc. One BriarLake Plaza, Suite W. Sam Houston Pkwy Houston, Texas Phone: contact-us@eliis.fr PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 2 of 86

3 Licensing PaleoScan 2015 including all add-on modules can be downloaded from Eliis web site. A personal user account is required. If you do not have a login and password to access Eliis extranet, you can fill up this form. Eliis provides you a free 30-day temporary license to evaluate PaleoScan The temporary license will give you a full access to the software with all add-on modules. Project Compatibility The PaleoScan platform remains compatible with all the projects. Forward compatibility: Projects saved in previous versions of the PaleoScan can be updated in PaleoScan 2015, upon loading of the project. Backward compatibility: Projects created in the PaleoScan 2015 can also be opened in previous version (1.5 or 1.4). However, some new objects properties could not be read in earlier versions. Hardware Requirements PaleoScan is a Microsoft Windows stand-alone software, running on PC equipped with a 64 bit processor with requirements equivalent to following: Mother board: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. H55M-UD2H x Processor: Intel Core i3 540 Operating system: XP/Vista and 7 (64 bit) Graphics card: ATI Radeon HD 5450 (512 RAM GDDR3/DDR2) IDE devices: ST AS CC46 (SATA II, Go, tampon: 16 Mo) 500Go 7200T PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 3 of 86

4 Table of Contents PLATFORM 6 Units Management 7 Cursor Coordinates 9 Vertical Domain Management 9 Unit Correction Tool 12 Custom Filter of the Project Browser 13 3D Lighting 14 High Resolution Picture in 3D 15 DATA IMPORT/EXPORT 16 Multi-Z Import 16 Wavelet Import 17 Well/Log Export 18 VOLUME 20 Seismic Flattening 20 AOI Editing from 3D Viewer 21 ATTRIBUTES 22 Seismic relief 22 Attribute Truncation 3D 22 Attribute Mapping on Body 24 Real Time Attribute Management 25 Create Attribute Volumes 27 Attribute Mapping on Horizon 29 MODEL GRID 30 Number of patches 30 Model-Grid Creation between Horizons 30 Force Model Interface 31 No Signal Zone in 3D Model Computation 32 Fast/Raw 3D Geo-Model 33 Horizon Listing including Horizon s Name 34 Unmark Model-Grid Horizons 34 Disconnect Patches between Horizons 35 Reference Volume 36 Model Grid information 38 HORIZONS 39 Horizon Extraction 39 Horizon Lighting 39 Horizon Interpolation/Propagation 42 Real Time Attributes on Horizons 43 Horizon Shifting 44 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 4 of 86

5 HORIZON STACK 45 New Horizon Stack Creation Interface 45 Duplicate Horizon Stack with new Data 46 Horizon Stack Extraction 46 Isochore Mapping from Horizon Stack 47 Lighting on Horizon Stack 48 Real Time Attributes on Horizon Stack 49 Dynamic Color Contrast 49 Horizons Saving from Horizon Stack 50 GEOBODY - LAYER 51 Layer Creation between Horizons 51 MULTI-Z OBJECT 52 Multi-Z Picking 52 Attribute Mapping on Multi-Z Object 56 Isochore Mapping on Multi-Z Object 56 FAULTS 58 Dip Azimuth values in Properties 58 Directional filter 58 ADVANCED INTERPRETATION 59 RGB Blending 59 Horizon Stack Creation from Stratigraphic Interpretation 65 WELL/LOG MANAGEMENT 66 Well Markers QC - Horizon Stack Input 66 Well Markers QC - Nearest Horizons Saving 67 Log Set Merging 67 Log Despiking 69 Acoustic Impedance Log Creation 70 TWT and Depth logs Creation 71 Extract Volume Data along Well Path 72 Well Trajectory Picking 73 Log Viewer Background Color 75 SEISMIC WELL TIE 76 Sonic Calibration Checkshot Selection 76 Synthetic Wavelet Creation - Duplicate Wavalet 77 Well Tie Process New displayed Logs 78 Well Tie Process Update Deterministic Wavelet 78 PROPERTIES MODELING 80 Coloured Inversion 80 Spectral Blueing 83 Volume/Wavelet Convolution 86 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 5 of 86

6 Applications Well Tie PaleoScan Add-on Modules Rock Properties Geomodel Interpretation Platform PaleoScan 2015 PaleoScan 2015 is a new generation of 3D seismic interpretation software, where geoscientists build a geological model while interpreting seismic volumes. With this new release, Eliis continues to innovate in seismic interpretation and brings more tools to interpret larger seismic data sets, with added speed and precision. This document lists all the new features upgrades and corrections implemented in PaleoScan A detailed description of each tool can be found in the New Features Guide or on the web site ( The 2015 release brings more options to complete the workflow from the exploration to the reservoir characterization, with a suite of various applicative modules for sequence stratigraphy, automatic geobodies extraction, rock properties modeling, coloured inversion and seismic to well tie at a sub-seismic resolution. It also offers new functionalities such as a mutli-z picking tool, spectral blueing and RGB blending RGB blending. Parallel computing has also been upgraded with the latest multi core technologies 3D Platform 3D Interpretation Sequence Stratigraphy Geobody Extraction Model Grid 3D Geomodel RGB Blending Strata-slicing Fault Enhancement Petrel* Link Advanced Interpretation Rock Properties Coloured Inversion Spectral Blueing Geobodies Detection Seismic Flattening Seismic Well Tie Attributes Well correlation Data Connector Petrel *Trademark of Schlumberg PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 6 of 86

7 Platform Platform Units Management In a same PaleoScan project, data in different vertical domains (Time and Depth) can be supported thanks to the domain information assigned to each object of the project. From same vertical domain, PaleoScan unit algorithm is able to manage data with different spatial and vertical units to ensure cross navigation and computations involving inputs in different units. The table summarizes units available in PaleoScan and their equivalents in meter. Regarding the Time domain, data in Second and Millisecond are supported into PaleoScan. Units while Importing Data Spatial and/or Vertical units are firstly defined while importing any kind of data: Seg-y - Well Data - Horizons - Faults - Culture Data - Multi Z object. In all data import interfaces, the list of units supported in PaleoScan is proposed. Once imported, information related to units is available from the object properties: Vertical Domain of the object Units associated to the object while importing (or defined from the Unit Correction Tool) Resolution and dimensions units from units defined in the Settings PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 7 of 86

8 Platform Unit Management from Settings Units are directly managed from settings. Default spatial and vertical units can be defined. Regarding the vertical unit setting, units have to be defined for Time and Depth vertical domains. Unit setting has an effect on: - Viewers: the units of axes will depend on unit setting. - Coordinates: X, Y and Z displayed units (see Cursor Coordinates), - Horizontal Scale in viewer, - Tools involving units: such as Horizon Shifting, Volume Coordinates. - Distance Measure tool: Vertical and spatial measurement depending on units from settings. To access to the viewer units manager, click on the Settings button from the toolbar and select the Viewer Units item. The option related to Intersection display is used to take time and depth domain into account in viewers (see: Object Intersections in Viewer). Unit Management from Viewer Property Units represented by viewers axes are firstly managed from the Unit Settings. However, spatial and vertical units of the axes can be temporary changed from the Display tab of the Properties window. These unit changes from the Property window of the viewer will have an effect on: - The axes of the current viewer, - The cursor coordinates, - The measure tool opened in the current viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 8 of 86

9 Platform Cursor Coordinates Coordinates indicated in the bottom left corner of the PaleoScan Interface refer to the cursor and depend on the viewer units defined from the Settings. If the viewer units are changed from the Property window of the viewer, coordinates will be displayed according to the viewer properties. Vertical Domain Management Vertical Domain of 3D Viewer The Vertical domain of the 3D viewer can be changed from Time to Depth thanks to the 3D viewer Properties. If a time vertical unit is selected, the 3D viewer will be displayed in Time domain whereas if a depth vertical unit is selected, the 3D viewer will refers to Depth domain. Since objects from both domains can be opened in the same 3D view, displayed 3D objects will be filtered according to the selected 3D viewer domain (Time or Depth): PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 9 of 86

10 Platform Icon informing about the selected vertical domain of the 3D viewer is displayed in the top left corner of the viewer. It can be hidden by using the Z domain option from the properties. Objects opened in the 3D viewer will be listed into the 3D Object List according to their vertical domain. Three groups are available in this list: - Data associated to the Time domain, - Data associated to the Depth domain, - Data available in both domains: well with Time/Depth relationship and culture data which contain only X and Y information. Objects associated to Time domain Objects associated to Depth domain Objects associated to both vertical domains Selected units from the 3D viewer properties also have effect on the 3D bounding box. Values of the axes will be converted according to the spatial and vertical units. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 10 of 86

11 Platform Object Intersections in Viewer All object opened in the 3D view will be displayed in intersection in 2D viewers. These displayed intersections will depend on the vertical domain of the viewers: - Objects defined in Time domain will only be visible in 2D viewers in Time domain. - Objects defined in Depth domain will only be visible in 2D viewers in Depth domain. This rule is defined from the Unit settings thanks to the option Intersection display. By default, the objects intersection according to the domain s viewer is respected (Ignore option to No). By activating the option used to Ignore Time/Depth domain from units settings, data from both domains will be displayed in 2D viewers, without taking the viewer s domain into account. Horizons in Depth Domain PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 11 of 86

12 Platform Unit Correction Tool The Unit Correction tool can be used to make unit correction due to wrong units defined while import. All data generated from an input with wrong units will have wrong units too. This tool manages units for the following data: - Attribute volumes, - 3D Models, - Model Grids, - Horizon Stacks, - Horizons, - Geobodies, - Layers, - Multi-Z objects, - Faults, - 2D lines. Note: Well data units are directly managed from the Well/Log table To access to the Unit Correction Tool, click the Unit button from the general toolbar: All data are listed in a table. For each data, the vertical domain is indicated in the first column (TWT or DEPTH). Then spatial and vertical units are listed in second and third columns. Associated to the units, spatial and vertical Factors can be manually defined. For Attributes, Models, Horizon Stacks and Horizons the resolution of the object is displayed in the right part of the tool. Units associated to the resolution information are linked to units defined for each object. NOTE: THIS UNIT CORRECTOR TOOL IS NOT A UNIT CONVERSION TOOL - To change the unit associated to any data of the project, double click on the Spatial or Vertical Unit to access to a pull down menu. - Select the new unit to assign to the object. According to the new selected unit, the associated factor is updated (ex: from meter to foot, Factor is ). PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 12 of 86

13 Platform After changing units, click ok to save the modification. Note that no historic regarding unit correction is available for data. Custom Filter of the Project Browser Several drop zones have been added within interfaces needing specific input files such as volumes, horizons and geobodies. A search icon enables to display a temporary Project Browser tab in which suitable files are listed. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 13 of 86

14 Platform 3D Lighting To highlight events of horizon surfaces (faults for instance), the 3D Lighting mode can be activated from the 3D viewer s properties. From there, the Dip Angle and the Azimuth can be adjusted. It has an effect only on the surface events (Horizon and Horizon Stack opened in 3D). Lighting activation Azimuth selection Dip selection The lighting parameters are available directly from the 3D viewer: activate the Lighting mode from the bottom right corner of the 3D viewer. Azimuth DIP Once the 3D lighting activated the Azimuth and Dip parameters can be changed by moving the yellow dots, the first corresponds to the Azimuth direction and the second one corresponds to the Dip. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 14 of 86

15 Platform High Resolution Picture in 3D This option allows the creation of 3D High resolution screenshots. Couple of options such as the resolution, the quality, and the format of the pictures can be set up. The HR Picture (3D) option is available in the Tools menu. All parameters can be set up thanks to the following interface by clicking inside the parameters box and scrolling or selecting the right factor. Click on OK to launch the creation of the object. The output files will be stored under the Movie folder, in the PaleoScan main project folder. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 15 of 86

16 Data Import/Export Data Import/Export Multi-Z Import Multi-Z Objects can be imported (with GOCAD format) by selecting the Multi-Z option in the Import menu. In the Multi-Z loading window, first select the file(s) to import. Then, choose the Reference Volume Attribute and the horizontal and vertical units for the import. (All these parameters will be unique for all the objects imported). An Editable option is available for each Multi-Z object, click on the object line then toggle on the editable parameters. In this case, only the intersection between original meshing and Reference Volume Attribute is taken into account to create sticks. Then a new meshing is created using these sticks (the meshing creates by PaleoScan can be different from the original meshing). If this parameter is unchecked, the original meshing is import. Click on Ok to import the Multi-Z object(s). Imported Multi-Z objects will be stored under the Multi-Z folder available in the Geobody tab in the Project Browser PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 16 of 86

17 Data Import/Export Wavelet Import Select the Wavelet Import tool from the general toolbar or from the File\Import menu. Wavelets file must be imported in ASCII format (Amplitude). Click on the "browse folder" to select the input ASCII file. Then, the parser window appears. 1- Define the separator parameters (start line and type of separator), 2- Define the column corresponding to the amplitude; the column corresponding to the time is not taken into account because wavelets are considered centred in zero. 3- Click OK. To change the data import parameter, click on the Parser button. Change the Sample rate (ms) to adjust the wavelet length. Finally click on Import. Wavelets are stored in the Wavelet folder available in the Well Tab of the Project Browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 17 of 86

18 Data Import/Export Well/Log Export To export log from well, click on the Export button from the general toolbar and select the Well (LAS) option. Logs can also be exported by using the context menu (right click on the Well(s) or LogSet(s) name) from the project browser: or Then the Logs export windows appears. Drag and drop the Well(s) or the LogSet(s) to export. A scan button is available in the bottom left corner of the export windows to automatically find the Objects to export. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 18 of 86

19 Data Import/Export Select the Output directory and the logs to export (in the right part, toggle on/off logs). Then click on OK to export logs. Logs to export PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 19 of 86

20 Volume Volume Seismic Flattening The horizon flattening option can be activated by using any horizons or Horizon Stacks from the Database, or any horizon displayed in a Horizon Viewer. According to Horizon from Database 1- From the 2D Viewer, click on the Horizon Flattening button available in the bottom left corner of the window. By default, the horizon source is Database meaning horizons from database can be used for the flattening. 2- Drop the horizon from the Project Browser to the Ref horizon drop zone. 3- Click OK to apply the horizon flattening. The horizon used for the flattening is represented by a green line in the viewer and its name is specified in the bottom left corner. 1 2 Drag and drop from Project Browser 3 4- The flattening can at any moment be disabled or activated respectively thanks to the OFF/ON buttons. Red OFF button means disabled flattening whereas green ON button means activated flattening. 4 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 20 of 86

21 Volume According to Horizon or Horizon Stack Viewer The horizon flattening can be activated from the horizon displayed in map view or from a Horizon Stack Viewer. 1- From the 2D Viewer, click on the Horizon Flattening button available in the bottom left corner of the window. 2- Select Viewer as horizon flattening source. Then select the horizon viewer from the pull down menu which lists every Horizon Viewer and Horizon Stack Viewer opened in the PaleoScan workspace. 3- If any other Horizon Viewer or Horizon Stack is opened after the Horizon Flattening interface, the Viewer List has to be refreshed in order to include new windows in the list. 4- Press OK to apply the flattening. The Reference Horizon name is specified in the bottom left corner AOI Editing from 3D Viewer The area of interest (AOI) used to extract sub-volumes can be manually adjusted from the 2D viewers or directly from the 3D view by moving the anchors points of the box to resize the section. From 2D view From 3D view PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 21 of 86

22 Attributes Attributes Seismic relief The Seismic Relief attribute generates maps of seismic amplitude that reflect, as much as possible, the subsurface geology. It enhances seismic contrasts and enables a better visualization of geological features such as unconformities, faults, fractures, and different seismofacies. (Bulhoes, 2005) The Hilbert transform is applied to the RMS amplitudes of the seismic traces. X(t) RMS = M/2 f(t+k) 2 k= M/2 M (1) X(t) RMS, 90 = Hi 1 {X(t) RMS } (2) With (1) the average RMS, (2) the inverse transform of Hilbert rotation phase -90 and the parameter M is a measure of the window weighting equivalent to the semi-period of the seismic trace. Two options are available for M, Variable which means that the parameter is automatically calculated for every semi-period of the traces, and Constant which corresponds to a unique value of M for every trace at any time. Attribute Truncation 3D The attribute Truncation 3D has been implemented to extract some specific areas from a seismic volume or from a 3D Geomodel volume. The aim is to insert no data areas inside the 3D Geomodel in order to stop the horizon against the body flanks. Geobodies, multi-z or layers can be used as truncation input. The Truncation 3D computation is located in the Attribute Module. By clicking on the Truncation icon, the user has access to the attributes computation window. 1. Select the Truncation 3D option 2. Click on the plus button PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 22 of 86

23 Attributes 3. Select the seismic input (seismic volume or 3D Geomodel) 4. Drag and drop object(s) from the Geobody tab in the project browser (geobody, multiz or layer) or use the Add Items button to select the object(s). 5. Choose the method of extraction: Elimination: extraction of the volume around the geobody. Truncation: extraction of the volume inside the geobody. 6. Click on Preview PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 23 of 86

24 Attributes 7. Give an output name 8. Click on Run to launch the new volume computation NOTE: After the computation, the truncated volume will be stored in the Volume folder of the project browser. Attribute Mapping on Body It is possible to display Attributes map on 3D Objects. Click on the Map Data on 3D Object button, from the Geobody Manual module. The first step consists in selecting a Geobody, Layer or Multi-Z stored in the database. The second step is to define the map option: The Volume to Map corresponds to the Attribute which will be mapped on the body. The Map option corresponds to the surface where the result should be displayed. If the Top or Bottom option is toggled on, PaleoScan will display the result on the Top or Bottom surface of the body, If the Pixel Value is toggled on, the exact value of the pixel that intersected the horizon is taken account. If the Pixel Value is toggled off, an interpolation between the two nearest pixels is done. The Filter corresponds to the instantaneous filter applied on the Volume to map. The third step is to set up the output: If the Display option is toggled on, the result will just be displayed in 2D or 3D viewer (depending on the previous choice). If the Save option is toggled on, the result will just be saved in the database. The user will have to give a name to the saved horizon. Both options can be selected in a row by toggling on the Save and Display option. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 24 of 86

25 Attributes The color bar applied to the attribute map can be set up. Select the 3D attribute map and define color bar and contrast from the Color Bar manager. Real Time Attribute Management Attributes can be generated as full saved volume or as Real Time volume which is computed on the fly from an input volume. By using Real Time Attributes, projects are less heavy in terms of data, computations and navigation are faster. From Attribute Computation Tool Real time attributes are generated from the Attribute computation tool (click on the Multi Attribute Computation button in the Attribute module). By default, attributes are computed as real time attributes when this kind of display is possible. All the attributes requiring only vertical window for the attribute computation will be computed as real time attributes (the option Create Volume available in the bottom part of the tool has to be disabled). Once computed, the Real Time attributes are stored in the Volume tab of the Project browser with a specific icon, under the reference volume used for the real time attribute display. Open a real time attribute in 2D viewer consists in opening the reference input volume with a specific attribute displayed on the fly. The top bar of the viewer refers to the reference volume and the name of the real time attribute is displayed in the bottom left corner of the viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 25 of 86

26 Attributes Real Time Attributes From Viewer Properties The Real Time attributes can be displayed directly from an opened 2D viewer. - Open a seismic or attribute volume in a 2D viewer, - From the viewer properties, filter parameters are available to calculate and display real time attributes. The Real Time attribute display can be changed from an attribute to another one. For some attributes the computation parameters can be changed under the filter type on the properties windows. The attributes type is written in the bottom left corner of the 2D viewers. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 26 of 86

27 Attributes The list of real time attributes for Seismic volume is: - Gaussian Smooth - Median Smooth - RMS Amplitude - Reflection Intensity - Envelope - Sweetness - Relative Acoustic impedance - Derivative 1st - Derivative 2nd - Inst. Frequency - Inst. Phase - Cos. Inst. Phase - Inst. Bandwidth - Dominant Frequency - Quadrature - Quality Factor - Seismic Relief - Low Pass - High Pass - Band Pass - Mean - Minimum - Maximum - Gain - Time Gain - Trace AGC - Trace Gradient The list of real time attributes for 3D Model volume is: - Thinning - Gaussian Smooth - Derivative 2 nd Create Attribute Volumes From the Attribute Computation Tool Attributes can be created as 3D volumes by activating the option Create Volume available in the bottom left corner of the Attribute interface. A Crossline and a Time Slice can be computed in batch process, by checking the corresponding boxes. An option allows overwriting the existing file with the same name. Click on the Run button to launch the attribute volume(s) computation. The Stop button allows the user to cancel all the attribute computations. Some attributes cannot be created as real time attributes, such as Similarity, Undersampling, Derivative attributes, Smooth attributes, etc since these attributes are not computed using only vertical window. In this case, the Create Volume option is activated by default and the attribute will be stored in the project browser with the volume icon. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 27 of 86

28 Attributes Create Volume from Real Time Attribute Real Time attributes can be saved under the database as Attribute volume. The volume saving can be done from two different ways: - From the context menu of the project browser, right click on the volume and Save as Volume. Choose the Output name and click on OK. The new volume will be stored under the project browser. - From a 2D viewer with a Real time attribute displayed, right click on the top bar to open the context menu. Click on Save as. Choose the Output name. To create the volume, toggle on the Create volume option (If this option is toggle off, a real time attribute will be created). Click on OK. The new volume will be stored under the project browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 28 of 86

29 Attributes Attribute Mapping on Horizon The interface of the Attribute mapping on Horizon and Horizon Stack is upgrated. The attribute mapping tool is available from the Horizon Editing module, 1- Select the attribute to map by selecting the Filter in the Parameters: Different kinds of filter are available: - Basic filters - Attribute filters - Frequency filters - Surface Attribute filters Information about the selected filter is available in the bottom part of the tool. 2- Select the volume which will be used for the attribute computation and mapping (drag and drop volume from database to volume field). The Pixel Value option can be activated. 3- Adjust the filter options according to the selected filter. 4- Click on Apply to compute and map the attribute. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 29 of 86

30 Model Grid Model Grid Number of patches By default, the maximum number of patches in a Model Grid is limited at 50 million. This value can be changed in order to manage larger volumes meaning a higher number of patches in the model grid. The maximum number of patches can be increased until 70 million but the default value is restored when the software is restarted. Model-Grid Creation between Horizons It is possible to generate the Model Grid using horizons as boundaries. This option is available from the Advanced Parameters tab. Choose a method within the Bounding Horizon box. Different methods are available to generate the Grid. Indeed, the Grid can be computed - between 2 horizons, - between the top of the volume and a specific horizon, - between a specific horizon and the bottom of the volume. Note: The horizons to use have to be imported before the generation of the Grid, and to avoid having some gaps in the Grid, the horizons need to be previously interpolated PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 30 of 86

31 Model Grid Force Model Interface Adding new links to complete a horizon may cause a forcing due to an overlapping zone between two horizons. In this case, it is required to force the link. Before accepting the forcing, information is displayed within the Horizon Viewer regarding the overlapping area: Pink and grey zones correspond to the entire set of patches associated to the seed used to complete the activated horizon; The grey zone represents the area which can be linked to the activated horizon; The pink zone represents the overlapping area: this part cannot be linked to the current horizon, That means the pink zone will be disconnected from the grey zone after linking. Overlapping zones Set of patches to connect Thanks to the Properties of the Horizon Viewer, the color of the linkable set of patches and the overlapping area can be changed. Depending on the background color of the Horizon Viewer and the Color Bar of the Interp Viewer, this option enables to better highlight those critical zones. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 31 of 86

32 Model Grid Overlapping zones Set of patches to connect Overlapping zones Set of patches to connect During the display of Model-Grid Forcing interface, it remains possible to cross navigate within any type of viewers: Interp Viewer, Cross Section, Time Slice, Horizon Viewer, Horizon Stack, 3D Viewer and Log Viewer. Vertical and lateral relationship between sets of patches can also be interactively checked. No Signal Zone in 3D Model Computation The No Signal Area has been implemented to the 3D GeoModel computation to extract some specific areas from the computed 3D Geomodel volume. Geobodies, Layers and Multi-Z objects can be included as No Signal Areas by dropping them from the project browser into the No Signal Area field. No Relative Geological Time data will be computed within such areas. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 32 of 86

33 Model Grid The aim is to include no data areas to the computation in order to create gaps into the 3D Model volume according to the 3D objects. This way, horizons generated from the 3D Model will stop against the body flanks. Fast/Raw 3D Geo-Model The Fast/Raw 3D Geo-Model computation needs to respect the same workflow described in the Classic 3D Geo-Model computation, without Interpolation Size and Smooth Size parameters. Only the Link Probability value has to be adjusted. Faults and No Signal area(s) can also be included into the computation. To launch the Fast 3D Geo-Model computation, click on the Compute 3D Geo-Model button of the Model-Grid module. The Model Refinement option is disabled by default, allowing a faster computation but can be activated if needed. Fast 3D Model PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 33 of 86

34 Model Grid Horizon Listing including Horizon s Name A name can be associated to a marked horizon from the properties window: select a marked horizon and enter the name of the horizon in the appropriate field. Names of marked horizons will appear in the Model-Grid Horizon Listing. Top Cretaceous Horizon s Name Horizon s Area Locked Horizon Locked and marked Horizon Marked Horizon Neither marked nor locked Horizon Unmark Model-Grid Horizons Any marked Model-Grid horizon can be unmarked meaning the color line is removed. 1- Select any marked Model-Grid horizon from any Interp Viewer by using the Selection mouse mode (double click on the color line), 2- Click on the Unmark a Model-Grid Horizon button, or use the U keyboard shortcut, or press the Delete key of the keyboard. Note: only the color line is removed. The set of patches and the links composing the horizon remain physically preserved within the Model-Grid. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 34 of 86

35 Model Grid Double click Note: Such a display configuration is preserved by saving the interpretation. Disconnect Patches between Horizons In order to clear the interpretation in a specific location of the Model-Grid, patches between horizons can be disconnected. That means the links between all patches included between these horizons will be broken with a 3D effect. The interpretation can afterward be restarted without any automatic propagation in order to manually control the propagation between patches. The refinement of this blank zone will be controlled by using the correlation threshold available from the Interp Viewer properties. - The horizons used to define the area in which patches will be disconnected have to be marked horizons, - Select both marked horizons by using the selection mouse mode, - Then click on the option Disconnect All Patches between two selected Horizons available from the Model-Grid module. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 35 of 86

36 Model Grid Model Grid View Model Grid View Links between both horizons are no longer taken into account in the Model-Grid interpretation. As a result, marked horizons previously included into this area will disappear. Reference Volume The reference volume represents the volume used to compute the Model-Grid (Original volume filtered to generate the Model Grid such as Smoothing and/or under-sampling). This reference volume is the volume displayed in the Interp Viewer. In case of filtered volume used to generate the Model Grid, the original seismic volume can be displayed in background of the interpretation to visualize the full resolution of the seismic. It is also possible to display any attribute volume in the Interp Viewer for analysis of the interpretation. To change the volume in the Interp Viewer, drag and drop a volume from the project browser to the Interp Viewer. A message window appears to define the dropped volume as new reference volume: - Click Yes: the dropped volume will be defined as new reference volume for the Model- Grid interpretation, meaning this volume will always be displayed in the Interp viewer at the interpretation opening. - Click NO: the dropped volume will be temporary displayed in the Interp Viewer. The next time the interpretation will be opened, the previous reference volume will be displayed in the Interp Viewer. The Reference Volume can also be changed from the context menu of the Interp Viewer: PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 36 of 86

37 Model Grid - Right click on the top bar of the viewer, - select the option: Change displayed volume. - Drag and drop the volume from the project to the appropriated field. Activate the Set as new reference option to define this volume as new reference volume for the interpretation. Finally click on Ok. If the reference volume associated to a Model Grid is removed from the project or renamed, the Model-Grid cannot be opened because the reference volume cannot be loaded. A message appears asking to define a new reference volume. Select a volume and click on Finish. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 37 of 86

38 Model Grid Model Grid information The Model Grid is computed from a reference seismic volume. All the properties of this volume are listed in the Object tab (Size, resolution, dimensions, etc ): The Model-Grid parameters such as computed polarities and the number of patches are also available from the Object Tab: PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 38 of 86

39 Horizons Horizons Horizon Extraction The Horizon Extraction tool is available from the Horizon Editing module. After selecting the horizon used for the extraction, the horizon extraction tool is available with new polygons tools (Rectangle and ellipse polygons) The area of extraction must be defined. A pre-existing polyline intersecting the horizon or a culture data can be selected. A new polyline can also be created. Any area of extraction can be cleared from the viewer. The inner or the outer part of the area can be extracted. Once the area of extraction is defined, The Preview button allows previsualizing the extraction. By toggling on the Save Polyline option, the current picked polyline can be saved in the database. It will be saved under the Polyline tab of the Project Browser. Finally click on next to define the saving options. Create an oval Create a rectangular Create a new Polygone Clear the displayed Polyline / Culture data Display a preview of the extraction Define the kept area Polyline /Culture data available from the Project Browser Save the created polyline Horizon Lighting To highlight events of horizon surfaces (faults for instance), the Lighting mode can be activated from the Horizon viewer s properties. From there, the Dip Angle, the Azimuth, the color and the vertical exaggeration of the light can be adjusted. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 39 of 86

40 Horizons Lighting activation Lighting color Azimuth selection Dip selection Vertical exaggeration A lighting mouse mode is also available from the Horizon Editing module: click on the Horizon Lighting button. When the lighting mode is activated, keep holding down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to manually change the value of the dip and the azimuth parameters. The lighting parameters are available directly from the horizon viewer: activate the Lighting mode from the bottom right corner of the viewer. After the activation of the lighting, the Azimuth, the Dip angle and the vertical exaggeration parameters appear on the horizon viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 40 of 86

41 Horizons Click on the yellow dots from the horizon viewer and keep holding to change the values. Azimuth control Dip control Z exaggeration control The Z stretch, corresponding to the vertical exaggeration, allows highlighting horizon morphology. Its value varies from 0 to 10. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 41 of 86

42 Horizons Horizon Interpolation/Propagation Any kind of horizon opened within a Horizon Viewer can be interpolated or propagated. The Propagate/Interpolate option is available from the context menu of the horizon viewer or within the Horizon Editing module tool bar. The Propagate/Interpolate option is also available from the context menu of the Horizon Viewer. Interpolation Methods The upgrated tool related to the horizon interpolation is now embedded to the horizon viewer. All the pre-existing interpolation parameters are still available in this tool: - Interpolation Area (Fixed Distance/Envelope convex/full image) - Interpolation size - Interpolation method (Use time map and/or Picked points) Information about the horizon interpolation method are summarized in the bottom part of the new interface. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 42 of 86

43 Horizons Propagation Method The upgrated tool related to the horizon propagation is now embedded to the horizon viewer. All the pre-existing propagation parameters are still available in this tool: - Input volume - Correlation threshold - Propagation size - Nmlber of iteration - Interpolation method (Use time map and/or Picked points) Information about the horizon propagation method are summarized in the bottom part of the new interface. Real Time Attributes on Horizons Dip, Azimuth, Deepest Descent Gradient (extrema) attributes can be displayed as Real Time Attributes from a Horizon Stack Viewer or from a Horizon Viewer directly from the Attribute item of the Properties box. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 43 of 86

44 Horizons Horizon Shifting The Horizon shifting tool is available from the Horizon Editing module. After selecting the horizon to be shifted and defining the vertical shift value, the new option is available from the output option of the tool. From the output options, the shifted horizon can be displayed without data represented by a single color (No Data option) or with the Z-value information in the 3D viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 44 of 86

45 Horizon Stack Horizon Stack New Horizon Stack Creation Interface The Horizon Stack creation tool is available from the Horizon Stack module After defining the 3D Model used as input, the top and bottom boundaries and the number of horizons which will composed the horizon stack, click on the blue arrow to access to the attribute mapping part of the tool. (1) (3) (2) (5) (4) For each each selected attribute: - Select the filter from the list (composed of basic filters, attribute filters, frequency filters and surface attributes), - if need, input volume as to be selected for the attribute computation, - Finally, the window used for the attribute computation has to be defined. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 45 of 86

46 Horizon Stack Duplicate Horizon Stack with new Data Attributes can be mapped on an existing Horizon Stack. It allows generating the same Horizon Stack as the input one but with another attribute. Click on the Duplicate Horizon Stack with new data button from the Horizon Stack module. This tool is also available from the Attribute module. Select the input Horizon Stack and the attribute(s) used for the mapping. Enter the value for the filter size and the name of the output file. Click on Run to launch the computation. The new generated Horizon Stack(s) will automatically be saved and stored under the Horizon tab in the Project Browser. Horizon Stack Extraction The Horizon Stack Extraction tool is available from the Horizon Stack module. After selecting the Horizon Stack used for the extraction, the extraction tool is available with new polygons tools (Rectangle and ellipse polygons) Then the extraction options have to be defined: - A pre-existing polyline intersecting the Horizon Stack or a culture data can be selected to apply the extraction; - A new polyline can also be manually created (any area of extraction can be cleared from the viewer); - The inner or the outer part of the area can be extracted. - By toggling on the Save Polyline option, the current picked polyline can be saved in the database. It will be saved under the Polyline tab of the Project Browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 46 of 86

47 Horizon Stack Create an oval polygone Create a rectangular polygone Create a new Polygone Clear the displayed Polyline / Culture data Display a preview of the extraction Define the kept area Polyline /Culture data available from the Project Browser Save the created polyline Isochore Mapping from Horizon Stack Isochore map displays thickness between two horizons. This measure is done vertically, meaning that the isochore refers to the true vertical thickness of the layer. These isochore maps can be created between all the horizons coming from a Horizon Stack and a specific reference horizon defined by the user. To create an isochore map, reproduce the following steps: 1. Click on the Isochore button from the Horizon Stack tab. 2. Select the Horizon Stack to use as input. Then click on Next. 3. Then select the Reference Horizon for the calculation of the isochore and click on Next. Note: The reference horizon needs to be saved before using it. 4. By default, a name is given to the new Horizon Stack containing the name of the Horizon Stack source and the name of the reference horizon. This name can be manually changed. Click on Finish to launch the computation. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 47 of 86

48 Horizon Stack 5. At the end of the computation, the Horizon Stack is saved and stored within the Horizon Stack folder, under the Horizon tab. Double click on it to open it. Lighting on Horizon Stack The Lighting option is available from a Horizon Stack viewer. The option can be activated from the bottom right corner of the viewer. Then all the lighting paramaters are available from the Horizon Stack properties or by using tools related to the lighting option displayed in the viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 48 of 86

49 Horizon Stack Real Time Attributes on Horizon Stack Dip, Azimuth, Deepest Descent Gradient (extrema) attributes can be displayed as Real Time Attributes from a Horizon Stack Viewer directly from the Attribute item of the Properties box. Attributes displayed as Real Time Attribute is preserved while scrolling through the Horizon Stack The Real Time attributes can also be displayed when the Horizon Stack is opened in the 3D viewer: - Select the Horizon Stack with the selection mouse mode, - From the Attribute property, select the real time attribute to display. Once selected, this attribute can be visualized during the Strata slicing. Dynamic Color Contrast From the Horizon Stack properties (2D viewers and 3D), the Auto Contrast property is available. This property allows to automatically Init the Color Bar for each frame (by keeping the slope of the color bar). The Color Bar is adapted for each horizon. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 49 of 86

50 Horizon Stack Horizons Saving from Horizon Stack The Horizon saving option is available from the Horizon Satck module. From the saving options, horizon(s) can be displayed in 3D viewer: - without data represented by a single color (No Data option), - with original mapped data, - or with the Z-value information. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 50 of 86

51 Geobody - Layer Geobody - Layer Layer Creation between Horizons Layer can be generated by using horizons as input, considered as layer boundaries. The horizons used for the computation has to be imported or saved into the Project Browser. To create a layer by using horizons, click on the button Layer from Horizons in the Geobody Manual module. 1/ Select a seismic volume which will be used as background image, 2/ Drag and drop the first input horizon into the Horizon 1 field, 3/ Drag and drop the second input horizon into the Horizon 2 field, 4/ Finally Click Ok and adjust the save options According to the save option, the layer will be stored and saved under the Geobody tab of the Project Browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 51 of 86

52 Multi-Z Object Multi-Z Object The Multi-Z picking has been implemented to extract bodies out of the attribute volumes. Then, the aim is to insert some no data areas inside the 3D Geomodel in order to stop the horizon propagation against the body flanks. All required tools regarding the Multi-Z Picking are available from the Multi-Z Picking module. Erase Anchor Duplicate the Last Polyline Points Create a new Multi-Z Picking Multi-Z body Editing Undo Redo Mult-Z Picking Mouse Mode Create the body Clear the picked Plyline Find the Previous Polyline Find the Next Polyline Multi-Z Picking To start the Multi-Z Picking, click on the New button. Then a window shows up in which a name can be given to the body and its style can be adjusted. By pressing on OK, the parameters are saved and the picking may begin. During the picking, the body will appear in the 3D Objects List. The body is also automatically opened in the 3D view. Note: Once the picking has begun in one direction (IL, XL, TS), it is not possible to change the direction of the picking. When the picking is over on a specific frame, the user can scroll and carry on the picking on the next frame. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 52 of 86

53 Multi-Z Object IL 462 IL 452 IL 442 If the shape of the body on the next polyline is quite similar to the previous one, it is possible to duplicate the last picked polyline in order to win time. To do so, click on the Duplicate Last Polyline button. A preview of the duplicated polyline is always present and represented by a doted blue line (represented in red for more visibility in this documentation). IL 442 IL 432 IL 432 When the last polyline is duplicated, it is possible to erase some anchors points if some mismatches happen. To do so, click on the eraser button. As soon as the wrong anchors points are removed, click on the Multi-Z Picking button to go back into the picking mode and refine the picking. IL 432 IL 432 IL 432 To stop the multi-z picking, click on the Multi-Z Validation button. At this time the multi- Z object can be saved (1). The name given at the beginning of the picking is proposed by default but can be changed (2). Click Ok to save the Multi-Z object. The colours chosen at the first step will be assigned to the body. The Multi-Z object will be saved in the Geobody tab of the project browser under the Multi-Z folder. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 53 of 86

54 Multi-Z Object (1) (2) Edit Multi-Z Even though a body has been created and validated, it is always possible to come back to the editing mode. To do so, click on the Multi-Z Editing button and select the body to edit. Note that Multi-Z objects have to be opened in the 3D view to be editable meaning available in the list of the editing tool. When the body has been selected, its colour turns to yellow, meaning that the user can edit it using the multi-z picking tools. To move an anchor point of the polyline, click on the Move Anchor Points button from the general toolbar and then select by double clicking on the point of interest. The point can be moved to adjust the Multi-Z picking. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 54 of 86

55 Multi-Z Object Next Previous Picked Polyline To be able to change the shape of the polyline, it is mandatory to have access to the anchors points. To find the nearest anchors points, click on the Next or Previous Picked Polyline buttons. IL 691 IL 695 IL 691 IL 685 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 55 of 86

56 Multi-Z Object Clear Picked Points The current Multi-Z picking can be totally cleared, meaning this action is only available when the object is under editing. The clear option is available by using the Clear button from the Multi-Z module. By using this option, all the picked points composing the multi- Z object will be cleared but the object is still listed in the 3D Object List. This way, the multi-z object remains active and under editing in order to restart the picking. NOTE: The user has to valid the modification(s) done on the multi-z object in order to save the changes in the database. Attribute Mapping on Multi-Z Object It is possible to map attibutes on geobody, including Multi-Z objects. (See Attribute Mapping on Body). Isochore Mapping on Multi-Z Object It is possible to compute the Isochore map of a body, including now Multi-Z objects. The Isochore computation tool is available from the Geobody Manual module. Multi-Z objects are now available in the input listing to be selected to compute the isochore map of the object. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 56 of 86

57 Multi-Z Object 1 2 PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 57 of 86

58 Faults Faults Dip Azimuth values in Properties Once a fault has been created, properties can be accessible by double clicking on it using the selection mouse mode. The name and the style can be changed and a couple of parameters can be set up. Directional filter The Dip Azimuth filter is useful to display faults regarding a specific azimuth and/or a specific dip. It allows the interpreter to highlight any fault network in order to perform some work such as merging. The Dip/Azimuth values can be now changed manually by playing with yellow and orange dots; the minimum and maximum values for Dip/azimuth will be automatically updated. Manual Azimuth selection Manual Dip selection PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 58 of 86

59 Advanced Interpretation Advanced Interpretation RGB Blending The RGB Blending module allows blending three different volumes, arbitrary lines, horizons or Horizons Stack using the primary colors (Red, Green and Blue). With this module, a better visualisation of geologically events is possible, playing with the contrast between the three different colors. The RGB Blending module is available with a specific extension of the package. Click on the Advanced Interpretation label from the Extensions menu. Once the extension is activated, the RGB Blending module is available in the pull down menu. RGB Blending Viewers Create a new RGB Volume Create a new RGB Arbitrary Line Create a new RGB Horizon Create a new RGB Horizon Stack Four different RGB viewers are available from the RGB Blending module: - Volume - Arbitrary line - Horizon - Horizon Stack PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 59 of 86

60 Advanced Interpretation The workflow and the functionalities are the same for the four types of RGB objects. To create a RGB blending object based on frequency, frequency decomposition have to be done on three volumes. To have a better visualization, an overlap between the frequencies is recommended (example Ricker 8Hz, 16Hz, and 25Hz). For Arbitray Line, Horizon Stack and Horizon, a data mapping additional step is mandatory. To open a RGB blending viewer, click on the RGB blending viewer button corresponding to the objects. (Horizon Stack RGB Blending viewer is used to illustrate). Then a RGB Blending viewer window is opened. After the objects creation, drag and drop objects on each channel. Channel Viewers RGB Viewers To adjust the color scale of the General RGB viewer, click inside each channel viewer. Then adjust individually red, green and blue color from the color bar manager. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 60 of 86

61 Advanced Interpretation Or click inside the General RGB viewer, then adjust the three channels inside the color bar manager using the three different tabs. To change channel of inputs, drag and drop a volume name to another color channel. The two channels will be reversed. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 61 of 86

62 Advanced Interpretation The lighting is available for the Horizon and Horizon Stack RGB blending viewers. Click on the lighting button available in the bottom right corner of the viewer in order to activate the lighting option. RGB Objects Saving To save objects with RGB color scale, use the context menu of the RGB viewer (right click ont the top bar), then click on Save As option. A RGB blending saving windows appears, give a name and click on OK to save the object. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 62 of 86

63 Advanced Interpretation The RGB object will be stored in the corresponding object folder under the RGB Blending tab of the project browser. It will also be available in the RGB Blending folder of the corresponding object tab. To open a RGB object, double click on the object or right click and Open. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 63 of 86

64 Advanced Interpretation 3D Visualization To display a RGB blending object in the 3D viewer, right click on the object and select the option Open in 3D or drag and drop the object from the project browser to the 3D viewer. Drag and drop RGB Object PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 64 of 86

65 Advanced Interpretation Horizon Stack Creation from Stratigraphic Interpretation The Horizon Stack creation from Stratigraphic Interpretation is available with a new design. The Horizon Stack Creation from sequences is available from the Sequence Stratigraphy module. After defining the Horizons paramaters (step 1), attribute(s) to compute and map on Horizon Stack(s) has to be selected and parametrized (attributes computed from input volume or directly from surface analysis) (steps 2 and 3). The Run button allows launching the Horizon Stack(s) computation PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 65 of 86

66 Well/Log Management Well/Log Management Well Markers QC - Horizon Stack Input Any Horizon contained into a Horizon Stack can be considered as seismic markers and used as Input in the Marker QC table in order to compute the vertical distance between markers and Horizons. 1- Choose the vertical domain for the horizon stack selection: TWT or Depth domain. 2- By activating the Horizon Stack input option, select the Horizon Stack in the list 3- Then, horizons contained in the selected Horizon Stack have to be assigned to each well marker. They can be manually selected by using to the pull down menus on the left of each marker. Or horizons can automatically be selected by using the Search Nearest Horizon option. Horizons from Horizon Stack are displayed in the left part of the table and values representing the vertical differences between horizons and well markers are available in the table. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 66 of 86

67 Well/Log Management Well Markers QC - Nearest Horizons Saving As the selected horizon(s) are coming from Horizon Stack, they can be saved within the database as single horizons. Their default name is composed of the suffix _Midname_(WellMarkerName). By default, the midname is Close. Log Set Merging The log sets merging tool allows copying logs from a set to another one in the same well. Click on the Log Sets Merging button from the Well/Log module. Once this interface opened, select the well and the destination set. Then select the logs to copy and drag and drop them to the destination set. In the example, DT and GR logs from LogSet_1 will be copied into LogSet_2. This option is also available from the project browser: - Select the logs to copy - Drag and drop them into the destination set (already created). PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 67 of 86

68 Well/Log Management Drag n drop Logs from several sets can also be merged into a new set. Select the option New Set in the list of destination sets and drag and drop the logs to copy. In this case, the MD of the new set is computed by merging the MD logs of the source sets. To complete the workflow, click on OK to save and enter the name of the new set. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 68 of 86

69 Well/Log Management Log Despiking The log despiking option consists in removing the short term high value. To open the log despiking interface, click on the log despiking button from the well/log module. Once this interface opened, drag and drop the log to edit into the specific area. A preview appears on the right hand side of the interface. The orange curve represents the despiked log, and the blue parts represent the removed parts of log. Then three parameters are user-settable: - The Standard deviation corresponds to a threshold beyond which the value is removed. It is a relative value. - The Windows size corresponds to the moving windows in which the analysis is run. The value represents the number of analyzed samples. - The Despiked value represents the action applied on the spike. Theses spikes can either be interpolated ( Interpolation ) or removed ( Set to NO_VALUE ). If the Interpolation option is selected, the spikes will be replaced by linear interpolation of the neighboring values. If the Set to NO_VALUE option is selected, values of log are removed and not replaced. The resulted log will have some gaps. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 69 of 86

70 Well/Log Management Click on the save button to compute and store the despiked log in the database. By default, PaleoScan adds the suffix _Despiked to the log name, but the output name can be changed. Acoustic Impedance Log Creation The acoustic impedance log is the product of the density ρ of the formation and the P- wave velocity v travelling the rock layers. The values in depth are expressed in kg/m 2 /s. To open the Acoustic Impedance Log Creation interface, click on the Acoustic Impedance Log Creation button from the Well/Log module. Once this interface is opened, choose the Well and the Log Set. Then, to create the AI log (Acoustic Impedance), select the Sonic and the Density logs from the Log Set. In case of a missing log or no values in the zones of interest, the Gardner's relation PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 70 of 86

71 Well/Log Management (Gardner et al., 1974) is provided. Then, the density can be calculated from the velocity, and conversely: ρ=αv β With the coefficients: α= 0.23 and β = 0.25, for a velocity v in ft/s and a density ρ in g/cm 3. A preview is available on the right hand part of the Acoustic Log Creation windows. From the left to the right: the Sonic log, the Density log and the computed AI log are displayed. Choose the Output logs to save. If the Gardner s relation is toggled on, the Sonic (Gardner) and the Density (Gardner) can be saved. Click on the save button to compute and store the AI log in the database. TWT and Depth logs Creation TWT and Depth logs can be extracted from the Well/Log Table and created as logs. This way, Time-Depth relationship may be exported. 1. To extract TWT and depth logs, right click on the well name or on the LogSet name, and select the option Create TWT and Depth Logs. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 71 of 86

72 Well/Log Management The Depth to extract has to be selected among three different depth types: From T/Z : The original depth value of the Time Depth relationship will be used for the log extraction (can be MD, TVD or TVDSS according to the Well/Log Table) TVD TVDSS Enter a suffix, and click on Ok to extract the TWT and the Depth logs. End, the logs will be saved on each log set (with the suffix extension). Extract Volume Data along Well Path To extract data along well path, click on the on the Extract Data button from the Well/Log module or right click on the well name or well set on the project and Extract Data. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 72 of 86

73 Well/Log Management Once this interface is opened, Drag and drop Wells or Log Set (If this interface is opened from the context menu the well will be loaded automatically). Then, choose the Reference volume to extract along the well path. Due to the difference of vertical resolution between seismic and log, the Interpolation parameter, interpolate the seismic value along the well path with the log resolution By defaut the name of the Extracted log will be Extracted_ name of Reference volume. Drag n drop Click on Ok to save the extracted log under the Well tab of the project. Well Trajectory Picking The Well Trajectory Picking is available from the Well/Log module. After the picking of the well path, click ok to accedd to the well/log table of the picked well. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 73 of 86

74 Well/Log Management The Well/Log Table is opened displaying the deviation of the well. In case of time volume, a deviation and a time depth relationship is created to display the well trajectory. In case of depth volume, only a deviation is created. Click Ok to definitively create the well. The well data base is updated. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 74 of 86

75 Well/Log Management Log Viewer Background Color Background color of the log viewer has been changed to better vizualize the Horizon Stack intersection in this viewer. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 75 of 86

76 Seismic Well Tie Seismic Well Tie Sonic Calibration Checkshot Selection The Sonic Calibration tool is available from the Seismic Well Tie module. Now, a checkshot selection option allows taking account only a part of the checkshots for the Sonic Calibration. Three selection options are available: Select all, Keep every (To select checkshots with a constant step) or User Selection. Select All the Checkshots Constant Step Selection Manual Selection PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 76 of 86

77 Seismic Well Tie Synthetic Wavelet Creation - Duplicate Wavalet The wavelet creation tool is available from the Seismic Well Tie module. Any created wavelet can now be duplicated. The initial parameters are also first preserved, and then can be modified in order to test different customizations. To duplicate one wavelet, first select the wavelet under the wavelet list. Then click on the Duplicate button. New wavelet appears with the extension _Duplicated. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 77 of 86

78 Seismic Well Tie Well Tie Process New displayed Logs Two new logs are added into the Well Tie Process Interface in order to check the seismic well match: - A correlatrion log calculated from a sliding window at each sample value, - A drift Interval velocity log which represents the difference between the initial interval velocity and the one after stretch (and squeeze) operation. Drift Interval Velocity Log Correlation Log Well Tie Process Update Deterministic Wavelet The new feature regarding the well tie process consists in updating the initial deterministic wavelet from the current time-depth relationship: Select the current wavelet under the wavelet pull down menu, Then, the wavelet creation tool appears and a wavelet can be adjusted to be directly used as input. The Seismic well-tie process is updated with thanks to this current wavelet. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 78 of 86

79 Seismic Well Tie The current deterministic wavelet can then be updated according to the new Time- Depth relationship computed from well tie in order to improve the wavelet extraction, and so the Well Tie process. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 79 of 86

80 Properties Modeling Properties Modeling Coloured Inversion The Coloured Inversion tool is a quick method based on seismic and well amplitude spectra from acoustic impedance logs to define an operator used to compute a Relative Acoustic Impedance Volume. Theory The steps of the seismic coloured inversion workflow are: - Estimate the average seismic spectra, - Compute the wells impedance spectra in a log/log scale, - Fit a trend line through these spectra to get the average well amplitude spectrum, - Compute the operator amplitude spectrum from the seismic and well spectra, - Rotate the seismic phase by -90, - Convolve the input seismic volume with the coloured inversion operator. * = Input Selection Click on the Coloured Inversion Operator button in the Properties Modeling module. Select the input seismic volume and the Acoustic Impedance logs to compute the operator. 1 2 Drag and drop PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 80 of 86

81 Properties Modeling Viewers Description Seismic amplitude Well amplitude Well logs data Trendline used for the well amplitude Operator amplitude Coloured inversion operator The first viewer, in frequency domain, shows the estimated amplitude spectra of the input seismic volume (black), the theoretical wells amplitude spectrum computed from the selected acoustic impedance logs (red) and the amplitude spectrum of the coloured inversion operator (blue). The filter used for the input seismic is displayed in orange. The second viewer displays the well logs data (one colour for one log) in a log/log scale in order to get the slope of the theoretical well amplitude spectrum: f a, with f the frequency and a the slope of the estimated trend line (red). Finally, the last viewer shows the coloured inversion operator in time domain (blue) and its tapering window (orange). Parameters Viewers parameters Automatic trendline PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 81 of 86

82 Properties Modeling In order to get the best seismic coloured inversion operator, some parameters are available: - A band-pass filtering (orange) can be applied to the input seismic volume. - The user can define the slope and the intercept of the trend line of the well amplitude data. To automatically display the best estimated trend line, click on the button. Note that the slope generally varies between -0.8 and A smoothing of the operator amplitude spectrum can be applied in order to avoid the loss of data in frequency domain. A tapering window can also be applied to the output operator: Hann, Hamming, Bartlett or Cosine. Finally, the operator length and the polarity (normal or reverse) can be modified. Save and Apply Results The output seismic coloured inversion operator can be saved as a wavelet object. Click on Save and enter the operator name. It will be stored and saved under the Well tab of the Project Browser. On the other hand, the relative coloured inverted seismic volume can directly be computed from this window by Apply the current operator to the input seismic volume. Click on the Apply button, give an output name and click Ok. The created volume will be stored and saved under the Volume tab of the Project Browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 82 of 86

83 Properties Modeling Spectral Blueing The Spectral Blueing tool is a quick method based on seismic and well amplitude spectra from reflection coefficients time series to define an operator to increase the vertical resolution of seismic data. Theory The steps of the seismic spectral blueing workflow are: - Estimate the average seismic spectra, - Compute the wells reflectivity spectra in a log/log scale, - Fit a trend line through these spectra to get the average well amplitude spectrum, - Compute the operator amplitude spectrum from the seismic and well spectra, - Keep the seismic phase (zero phase), - Convolve the input seismic volume with the spectral blueing operator. Input Selection Click on the Spectral Blueing Operator button in the Properties Modeling module. Select the input seismic volume and the Acoustic Impedance logs to compute the operator. 1 2 Drag and drop PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 83 of 86

84 Properties Modeling Viewers Description Operator amplitude Seismic amplitude Well logs data Trendline used for the well amplitude Well amplitude Coloured inversion operator The first viewer, in frequency domain, shows the estimated amplitude spectra of the input seismic volume (black), the theoretical wells amplitude spectrum computed from the selected acoustic impedance logs (red) and the amplitude spectrum of the coloured inversion operator (blue). The filter used for the input seismic is displayed in orange. The second viewer displays the well logs data (one colour for one log) in a log/log scale in order to get the slope of the theoretical well amplitude spectrum: f a, with f the frequency and a the slope of the estimated trend line (red). Finally, the last viewer shows the coloured inversion operator in time domain (blue) and its tapering window (orange). Parameters Viewers parameters Automatic trendline PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 84 of 86

85 Properties Modeling In order to get the best seismic spectral blueing operator, some parameters are available: - A band-pass filtering (orange) can be applied to the input seismic volume. - The user can define the slope and the intercept of the trend line of the well amplitude data. To automatically display the best estimated trend line, click on the button. Note that the slope generally varies from 0.2 to A smoothing of the operator amplitude spectrum can be applied in order to avoid the loss of data in frequency domain. A tapering window can also be applied to the output operator: Hann, Hamming, Bartlett or Cosine. Finally, the operator length and the polarity (normal or reverse) can be modified. Save and Apply Results The output seismic spectral blueing operator can be saved as a wavelet object. Click on Save and enter the operator name. It will be stored and saved under the Well tab of the Project Browser. On the other hand, the spectral blued seismic volume can directly be computed from this window by Apply the current operator to the input seismic volume. Click on the Apply button, give an output name and click Ok. The created volume will be stored and saved under the Volume tab of the Project Browser. PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 85 of 86

86 Properties Modeling Volume/Wavelet Convolution The Volume/Wavelet Convolution tool allows using any imported or computed operator for convolution with any available volumes. Click on the Volume/wavelet convolution button in the Properties Modeling module. Select the input seismic volume and the wavelet to convolve, click on Next. Enter the output seismic volume name and click on Finish. The created volume will be stored and saved under the Volume tab of the Project Browser PaleoScan is a registered trademark of Eliis S.A.S All Rights reserved Page 86 of 86