1 INTRoduCTIon to BLENDER 1. 3 PREPARATIon 19

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2 INTRoduCTIoN xv 2 INTRoduCTIon to GIMP 13 Topics Covered... xv What Isn t Covered...xvi Requirements....xvi The Projects....xvi The Bat Creature... xvii The Spider Bot... xvii The Jungle Temple... xvii How to Follow the Projects... xviii Resources Accompanying This Book.... xviii Let s Begin... xviii 1 INTRoduCTIon to BLENDER 1 About Blender...1 The Blender User Interface...2 Layout and UI Terminology...2 Switching Editors and Customizing the UI...3 Multiple Layouts...3 Editor Types...4 The 3D Viewport...4 The Properties Editor...5 The Info Editor....6 The Node Editor...7 The UV Image Editor...7 Other Editors...7 Using Blender...7 Scenes...7 The Default.blend File...8 Adding Objects....8 The 3D Cursor....8 Selecting Objects...8 Manipulating Objects...8 Other Coordinate Systems...9 Operators Datablocks...10 Naming Datablocks Modes Saving and Loading Appending and Linking In Review About GIMP Why GIMP? The GIMP User Interface The Toolbox The Canvas Dialogs Using GIMP Creating an Image Painting and Drawing Brushes and Brush Dynamics Filters Layers Selections Saving and Exporting In Review PREPARATIon 19 Concept Art and References Creating, Finding, and Using References What to Look for in Reference Material...20 Composition The Rule of Thirds...22 Silhouettes and Negative Space...22 Simplicity and Focus...23 Visual Path...23 Testing Compositions in Blender Preparing References in GIMP...24 Creating a Reference Sheet...24 Aligning Orthographic References Using Concepts and Reference Images in Blender...26 UV Image Editor Background Images...27 Image Empties In Review BlockING In 29 Basic Modeling Terms Edit Mode...29 Other Ways to Model: Curves

3 Modifiers...33 Blocking in the Jungle Temple...34 Snapping...36 Base Meshes...36 Building the Bat Creature Base Mesh...36 Loop Cuts and Face and Edge Loops...37 Poses for Modeling Characters...38 Modeling the Hands and Feet Modeling the Head...42 Tweaking the Model with Proportional Editing...43 Creating the Wings...44 Applying Transforms...45 Shading Modes...46 Creating the Spider Bot...47 In Review MoDELING the DETAILS 49 Topology...49 What Is Good Topology?...50 Dealing with Difficult Topology...50 Modeling the Details of the Jungle Temple Walls...53 Statues...54 Stone Carvings...55 Plants...58 IvyGen Ground/Soil Modeling the Details of the Spider Bot Joints Wires Coupling...63 Other Parts...63 Modeling the Details of the Bat Creature...63 Eyes Teeth and Nails In Review ScuLPTING 65 Sculpt Mode...65 Brush Options...66 Brush Types...67 Creating Custom Brushes...69 Clay Tubes...69 Rake...70 Scrape Flat...71 Crease Lazy Drag Alpha...72 Making Brushes Available by Default Improving Your Sculpting Experience...72 Optimizing Sculpting Performance Customizing the 3D Viewport...73 MatCap Materials...73 Tweaking OpenGL Shading...75 The Multires Modifier Sculpting Concepts...77 Sculpting the Bat Creature Volumes...79 Planes...79 Coarse Anatomy...80 Sculpting Hard-to-Reach Areas Using Shape Keys...80 Hiding Parts of the Mesh Sculpting the Wings Basic Details...83 Sculpting Around the Eyes...83 Time to Retopologize...84 Transferring Sculpted Detail to a New Mesh with a Displacement Map...84 Detailing...87 Posing...89 Expression...89 Sculpting the Spider Bot...90 Body...90 Head Legs Jungle Temple: Creating Incidental Details Sculpting Natural-Looking Faces...92 In Review RETopology 95 The Basics Using Snapping to Retopologize...95 Alternative Methods for Retopology Retopologizing the Jungle Temple Trees...97 Retopologizing the Bat Creature...98 Decimation...99 Retopologizing the Body Retopologizing the Spider Bot Duplicating Groups of Objects Tips for Retopologizing Head Topology Eyes Mouth Nose/Nasolabial Fold Ears In Review xii

4 8 UV UnwRAPPING 109 Other Kinds of Texture Coordinates Editing UV Coordinates The UV Grid Unwrapping Tools Seams Pinning Vertices Packing Assigning UV Textures Testing Your UV Coordinates Unwrapping the Bat Creature Unwrapping the Jungle Temple Stone Blocks Trees Multiple UV Maps Sharing UV Space Between Objects Leaves and Grass Statue The Rest of the Elements Unwrapping the Spider Bot Applying Modifiers and Duplicates Sharing UV Space Efficiently In Review Hair and PARTICLE SySTEMS 121 Particles for Hair Choosing an Object to Add Hair To Vertex Groups for Hair Weight Painting Adding a Particle System Particle System Properties Emission Panel Velocity Panel Rotation Render Display Children Vertex Groups Particle Mode Shaping Your Hair Styling Tips Child Particles Peach Fuzz Complex Haircuts Controlling Particles with Textures Other Uses for Particle Systems Grass for the Jungle Temple Hair and Fur Tips In Review TextuRE BakING 137 Images and Textures Assigning an Image Assigning Textures Texture-Baking Controls Texture Map Types Baking Textures for the Bat Creature Baking Displacement from Sculpt to Final Mesh Bit Depth and Textures Applying the Displacement Map Baking Normal Maps Baking Ambient Occlusion Baking Textures for the Spider Bot Baking Maps for Multiple Objects Baking Diffuse Colors and Textures Texturing the Jungle Temple General Tips for Baking Maps In Review TextuRE PAINTING 153 Texturing in Blender Project Paint Painting in the UV Image Editor Texturing in GIMP Creating Brushes for Texturing in GIMP Adding Variation to a Brush Texturing the Bat Creature Materials and UI Setup for Painting Layer Modes and Opacity Fixing Seams Layer Masks Creating Specular and Hardness Textures Layer Groups Texturing the Eyes Texturing the Jungle Temple Hardness vs. Roughness Creating Seamless Textures with GIMP Texturing the Ground and Trees Texturing the Statue Texturing to Camera Texturing the Leaves Texturing the Spider Bot Creating Three Textures Adding Decals In Review xiii

5 12 MATERIALS 183 Render Engines: Blender Internal and Cycles Reflection Transmission and Refraction Z Transparency Blender Internal Materials Cycles Materials Other Inputs in Cycles Texture Nodes Nodes in Blender Internal Materials for the Bat Creature Skin Teeth, Nails, and Eyes Fur Materials for the Spider Bot Editing Node Materials Socket Types Other Materials Materials for the Jungle Temple Ground Stone Material Leaves Foreground Rocks and Soil Puddles General Tips for Creating Materials In Review LighTING 211 Blender Internal vs. Cycles Lighting Lighting in Blender Internal Shadows in Blender Internal Ray Tracing Shadow Buffers Lighting in Cycles Lamp Objects in Cycles Mesh-Emitter Objects in Cycles World Settings and Ambient Light and Occlusion World Settings in Blender Internal World Settings in Cycles Lighting the Bat Creature Three-Point Lighting Clay Renders and Material Override Shadows and Fur Lighting the Eyes Floor Shadows World Settings for the Bat Creature Lighting the Spider Bot Lighting the Jungle Temple World Background Temple Entrance Lighting Fill Lighting Back Light A Note on Soft Shadows General Lighting Tips In Review Rendering and CoMPoSITING 229 The Render Tab Rendering with Blender Internal Rendering with Cycles Balancing Render Time and Quality The Compositor Rendering and Compositing the Bat Creature Render Layers Compositing the Passes Compositing Feedback and Viewer Nodes Organizing Node Trees with Frames and Node Groups Frame Nodes Node Groups Retouching in GIMP Rendering and Compositing the Spider Bot Depth of Field in Cycles Render Settings for the Spider Bot Compositing the Spider Bot Rendering and Compositing the Jungle Temple Background Required Painting the Sky in GIMP Compositing the Temple In Review GoING FuRThER 247 Embellishments Adding to the Jungle Temple Adding to the Bat Creature Different Looks Rigging and Animation In Review INDEx 253 xiv