BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH IN GENOMICS DURING THE 1990 S

Transcription

1 O S T S T U D I E S : T H E M E S BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH IN GENOMICS DURING THE 1990 S October 2003 Study produced by OST in collaboration with the LTSI, at the request of the CNRG and the RNG

2 A word about methodology The bibliographic database of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) offers in addition to the standard functions the possibility of knowing the «impact», that is the citation rate of publications included in the database. Knowing how many times an article has been cited provides an estimation of the article s contribution to knowledge production in its field. In the absence of any measure of the quantity or quality of the knowledge contained in an article, impact measurement provides an invaluable indication of the «use-value» of an article as well as of the prestige of its authors. In certain research fields of which genomics is one it is commonplace for scientists to use this database to observe on an individual level the impact of their work or the work of colleagues. Nonetheless, as soon as the question turns to analyzing, comparing and tracking over time the research activity of entities of a certain size (a country, an institution, a region) or complexity (a multidisciplinary institute, a site), more elaborate and suitably normalized bibliometric indicators are needed. To take a simple example, in order to seize the significance of an observed increase in the number or the impact of the articles produced by a particular country it must be known if the production or the impact of most other countries or of some reference set also rose and how much. Although access to the full text of articles included in the ISI database is not yet possible, an abstract or summary of most articles is available, and it is possible to perform textual analysis on these summaries. A number of methods of data mining can then be used to define a coherent set of articles based on the results of such analysis. This approach is especially valuable as a way to identify a set of articles representative of particular research themes or emerging research fields. Normalized, thematic, bibliometric indicators can in this way be generated to compare, to track, and to analyze research activities in a specific thematic area or new field. OST has been producing to international standards such normalized indicators for a number of years. This know-how has been put to use developing thematic indicators such as are needed to follow-up and evaluate research policies.

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53 OST studies : themes has as its goal to explore R&D systems from a research and innovation point of view and thereby to provide a needed tool for assessing research policies aimed at specific thematic areas or sectors. These studies are not based on conventional indicators but rather on indicators constructed within a specific perimeter, which is defined in cooperation with experts in the specific field under study. In the same fashion, study contents are developed in response to the specific characteristics of a field and in light of the policy objectives under evaluation. Observatoire des Sciences et des Techniques 93, rue de Vaugirard Paris - France