Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks

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1 Second Edition Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks Thiagarajan Viswanathan Manav Bhatnagar

2 Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks

4 Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks SECOND EDITION Thiagarajan Viswanathan Former Director Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre New Delhi Former Professor Department of Electrical Communication Engineering and Supercomputer Education and Research Centre Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Manav Bhatnagar Associate Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi

5 TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, Second Edition T. Viswanathan and Manav Bhatnagar 2015 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Thirty-eighth Printing (Second Edition) January, 2015 Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi and Printed by Rajkamal Electric Press, Plot No. 2, Phase IV, HSIDC, Kundli , Sonepat, Haryana.

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8 Contents Preface xiii Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgements xix xv 1. INTRODUCTION Evolution of Telecommunications Switching Systems Switching Networks Communication Links Service Specific Networks Simple Telephone Communication Basics of a Switching System Switching System Parameters Components of a Switching System Manual Switching System Trends in Telecommunications Standardisation in Telecommunications 33 Exercises 37 Further Reading 38 Appendix The Decibel 39 Review Questions STROWGER SWITCHING SYSTEMS Rotary Dial Telephone Signalling Tones Strowger Switching Components Step-by-Step Switching Control in Strowger Switch 60 vii

9 viii Contents line Folded Switch Design 1: 100 US US Design 2: 100 US US Design 3: 100 TMS Design 4: 100 US TMS Design 5: 24 TMS + 24 TMS line Folded Switch ,000-line Exchange 74 Exercises 74 Further Reading CROSSBAR SWITCHING Principles of Common Control Touch Tone Dial Telephone Design Considerations Principles of Crossbar Switching Crossbar Switch Configurations Crosspoint Technology Crossbar Exchange Organisation 97 Exercises 99 Further Reading ELECTRONIC SPACE DIVISION SWITCHING Stored Program Control Centralised SPC Modes of Operation Availability of SPC Systems Control in Centralised SPC Distributed SPC Level 3 Processing Level 2 Processing Level 1 Processing Software Architecture Operating System Aspects Software Production Language Aspects Modular Design Application Software Parameterised Design Exchange Environment Parameters Subscriber Line and Trunk Parameters Call Processing Parameters Processing Functions Enhanced Services 137

10 Contents ix 4.7 Multi-stage Switches Two-stage Switches Three-stage Switches n-stage Switches 156 Exercises 157 Further Reading SPEECH DIGITISATION AND TRANSMISSION Sampling Quantisation and Binary Coding Quantisation Noise Companding Differential Coding Vocoders Pulse Transmission Line Coding Time Division Multiplexing 192 Exercises 196 Further Reading TIME DIVISION SWITCHING Basic Time Division Space Switching Basic Time Division Time Switching Time Multiplexed Space Switching Time Multiplexed Time Switching Combination Switching Three-stage Combination Switching n-stage Combination Switching 235 Exercises 239 Further Reading OPTICAL FIBRE SYSTEMS Types of Optical Fibres Fibre Optic Transmission Optical Sources Light Emitting Diodes Laser Diodes Optical Detectors p-i-n Photodiode Avalanche Photodiode Power Budget Analysis Telecommunication Applications Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) SONET Signalling and Devices Payload Encapsulation and Frequency Justification 287

11 Telecommunication Switching Systems And Networks 30% OFF Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : Author : Gleaner Co., Manav Bhatnagar Type the URL : Get this ebook

Honorary Professor Supercomputer Education and Research Centre Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE V. Rajaraman Honorary Professor Supercomputer Education and Research Centre Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore T. Radhakrishnan Professor of Computer Science