CS 552 -Final Study Guide Summer 2015

Transcription

1 CS 552 -Final Study Guide Summer 2015 TRUE/FALSE 1. Most people feel comfortable purchasing complex devices, such as cars, home theater systems, and computers. 2. To make an informed choice when purchasing a computer, you must know your preferences and requirements, such as the application software you plan to use and whether you plan to discard or upgrade the computer in a year or two. 3. Large computer systems and the software that runs on them use more complex technology than smaller ones do. 4. Under the UP, an information system is built in a series of 3- to 5-week repeated steps. 5. Each iteration of the UP includes whatever activities are needed to produce testable models or working software. 6. The mix of activities in each iteration of the UP is tailored to each development project. 7. Efforts in each discipline of the UP are generally distributed across all of the iterations in the same way for each project. 8. Responsibilities associated with specific job titles are generally consistent from organization to organization. 9. Developers of application software for technical areas, such as robotics, flight navigation, and scientific instrumentation, typically have degrees in computer science or some branch of engineering. 10. The database administrator can be responsible for many tasks other than operating and maintaining the network, including installing and maintaining end-user software and assisting management in selecting and acquiring software and hardware. 11. Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex calculations. 12. A machine capable of addition can perform multiplication by executing the addition function multiple times. 13. The biggest impetus for the change to electronic computing devices came during World War I. 14. Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of mechanical computation. 15. Light can be used as a basis for computation. 16. Optics have little advantage in most areas of computing technology. 17. Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than current processors and are better matched to

2 optical communication technologies. 18. In classical physics, a subatomic particle, such as a photon, can be in multiple places at one time. 19. Understanding data representation is key to understanding hardware and software technologies. 20. Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics. 21. Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of a logical numbering system. 22. In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used for the period or comma. 23. The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system s base decreases. 24. Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device. 25. The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization. 26. Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people. 27. With any fixed-width data storage format, it s possible that the result of a computation will be too large to fit in the format. 28. To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats. 29. The read/write mechanism is the device used to read or write data to and from the storage medium. 30. Wait states increase CPU and computer system performance. 31. Primary storage extends the limited capacity of CPU registers. 32. The CPU moves data and instructions continually between registers and primary storage. 33. With current technology, secondary storage speed is typically faster than primary storage speed. 34. Block size is normally stated in bytes and is generally the same between storage devices, especially in a single storage device. 35. A 512-byte block is the most common data transfer unit for magnetic disks. 36. Volatility is a matter of degree and conditions. 37. Magnetic tape and disk are considered volatile storage media. 38. The physical structure of a storage device s read/write mechanism and storage medium determines the ways in which data can be accessed. 39. Serial access time depends on the current position of the read/write mechanism and the position of the target data item in the storage medium.

3 40. A system bus connects computer system components, including the CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices. 41. A system bus can be conceptually or physically divided into specialized subsets, including the data bus, the address bus, and the control bus. 42. With serial communication lines in a bus, each line carries only one bit value or signal at a time, and many lines are required to carry data, address, and control bits. 43. Until the 2000s, system buses were always constructed with serial electrical lines. 44. Serial channels in buses are more reliable than parallel channels at very high speeds. 45. Performance is improved if storage and I/O devices can transmit data between themselves with explicit CPU involvement. 46. Peer-to-peer bus protocols are substantially less complex but more expensive than master-slave bus protocols. 47. The memory bus has a much higher data transfer rate than the system bus because of its shorter length, higher clock rate, and (in most computers) large number of parallel communication lines. 48. Secondary storage devices are much faster than the system bus. 49. Devices with low data transfer demand can use a single lane, and devices with higher requirements can increase their available data transfer rate by using additional lanes. 50. The CPU communicates with a peripheral device by moving data to or from an I/O port s dedicated bus. 51. A PC usually transmits data one bit at a time over a wireless connection, and a laser printer prints an entire page at once. 60. A monochrome display can display black, white, and many shades of gray in between, so it requires 8 bits per pixel. 61. An IDL can represent image components as embedded fonts, vectors, curves and shapes, and embedded bitmaps. 62. IDLs are a simple form of compression. 63. LCD displays have less contrast than other flat panel displays because color filters reduce the total amount of light passing through the front of the panel. 64. Early plasma displays accepted the same analog video signals as CRTs. 65. Because plasma displays actively generate colored light near the display surface, they re brighter and have a wider viewing angle than LCDs. 66. OLED displays combine many of the best features of LCD and plasma displays. 67. Impact technology began with dot matrix printers. 68. The process of designing and constructing software translates users information-processing needs into CPU instructions that, when executed, address these needs.

4 69. User needs are stated in general or abstract terms in basic computer language. 70. Software has surpassed hardware to become the most costly component of most information systems. 71. Reduced productivity, dissatisfied customers, and poor managerial decisions are just a few indirect costs of software that doesn t address users needs completely or correctly. 72. Class models and other types of diagrams document user and system requirements. 73. UP design models include package diagrams, interaction diagrams, and deployment diagrams. 74. Unlike 2GL programs, 3GL programs must be translated into binary CPU instructions before the program is executed. 75. A 5GL program contains nonprocedural rules that mimic the rules people use to solve problems. 76. C++ was the first commercial OOP language. 77. The storage I/O control layer processes service calls from the command layer or application program and issues commands to the storage I/O control layer to interact with hardware. 78. An FMS provides command-layer functions and utility programs for users and system administrators to manage files, directories, and secondary storage devices. 79. Users and applications view secondary storage logically as a collection of files organized in directories and storage volumes. 80. On larger computers, a volume can span multiple physical disks. 81. A typical computer has up to a few hundred storage volumes. 82. The logical file structure is dependent on the physical device on which it s stored. 83. A server manages system resources and provides access to these resources through a well-defined communication interface. 84. Servers can be offline or idle except when needed to access client resources. 85. The client/server architectural model can be applied in many ways. Multiple Choice 91. When actual hardware, network, and system software components are acquired and installed, they make up a(n) infrastructure for one or more information systems. a. information assurance c. data services b. information services d. information technology 92. design activities are narrower in scope and constrained by the information architecture compared to the remaining design activities.

5 a. Reference c. Detailed b. Architectural d. Functional 93. The discipline of the UP includes all activities for building, acquiring, and integrating application software components. a. implementation c. architecture b. design d. requirements 94. The discipline includes activities that verify correct functioning of infrastructure and application software components and ensure that they satisfy system requirements. a. architecture c. testing b. design d. implementation 95. The term describes the structure, interaction, and technology of computer system components. a. systems design c. information architecture b. enterprise architecture d. systems architecture 96. Storing data optically involves using a(n) and an optical disc s reflective coating. a. laser c. lamp b. LED d. magnet 97. Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform. a. text processing c. repetitive mathematical calculations b. mathematical simulation d. repetitive mechanical operations 98. In a computation device, a(n) is driven by a spring and pendulum, and each swing of the pendulum allows a gear to move one step under pressure from the spring. a. kerosene clock c. aluminum clock b. analog clock d. mechanical clock 99. A particle of light is called a. a. muon c. quantum b. photon d. meson 100. Data can be represented as and stored directly, such as an image as a hologram. a. waves of particles c. pulses of light b. waves of light d. pulses of radiation 101. Most application software is used by. a. end users c. engineers b. programmers d. administrators The one-to-many (1:N) relationship between later-generation programming statements and the CPU actions implementing them is called. a. instruction explosion c. mnemonic explosion

6 b. instruction expansion d. instruction compression A uses mnemonics to represent instructions, variables, and labels and has a degree of instruction explosion higher than 1:1. a. next-generation language c. third-generation language b. second-generation language d. fifth-generation language A is a nonprocedural language suitable for developing software that mimics human intelligence. a. fifth-generation language c. third-generation language b. fourth-generation language d. second-generation language A is a request to execute a specific method and return a response. a. conduit c. path b. message d. function The plays a dual role as a high-level manager and a tireless low-level worker. a. application system c. system manager b. operating system d. BIOS The is the user interface to the OS. a. shell c. transaction monitor b. GUI d. desktop manager Through the layer, a user or system administrator can run application and OS utility programs and manage system resources, such as files, folders, and I/O devices. a. service c. hypervisor b. kernel d. command A set of commands and syntax requirements is called a. a. command structure c. command language b. command database d. command layer The of the OS contains thousands of reusable components that provide functions ranging from file and folder manipulation to accessing I/O devices, starting and stopping programs, and creating, moving, and resizing GUI windows. a. service layer c. command layer b. kernel layer d. metering layer The is the OS portion that manages resources and interacts directly with computer hardware. a. core c. hypervisor b. kernel d. scheduler The resources consumed by resource allocation procedures are sometimes referred to as. a. system bloat c. system underpinnings b. system requirements d. system overhead 147. The collection of system software that performs file and secondary storage management and access functions is known as a. a. disk management system c. file management system b. storage management system d. control management system

7 148. The is the part of the kernel that accesses storage locations and manages data movement between storage devices and memory. a. store I/O control manager c. disk I/O control layer b. storage I/O control layer d. disk I/O control supervisor 149. The layer is the bridge between logical and physical views of secondary storage. a. file control c. storage I/O control b. disk control d. block control 150. On a desktop or laptop computer, a is usually an entire physical disk, a partition of the disk, or a removable storage medium, such as a DVD or flash drive. a. page c. sector b. block d. volume 151. Each record in a data file is composed of multiple. a. tuples c. fields b. columns d. records 152. A usually contains information about a single person, thing, or event. a. record c. table b. field d. column