1. Most people feel comfortable purchasing complex devices, such as cars, home theater systems, and computers.

Transcription

1 1. Most people feel comfortable purchasing complex devices, such as cars, home theater systems, and computers. F PTS: 1 REF: 2 2. To make an informed choice when purchasing a computer, you must know your preferences and requirements, such as the application software you plan to use and whether you plan to discard or upgrade the computer in a year or two. T PTS: 1 REF: 2 3. Large computer systems and the software that runs on them use more complex technology than smaller ones do. T PTS: 1 REF: 2 4. Under the UP, an information system is built in a series of 3- to 5-week repeated steps. F PTS: 1 REF: 2 5. Each iteration of the UP includes whatever activities are needed to produce testable models or working software. T PTS: 1 REF: 3 6. The mix of activities in each iteration of the UP is tailored to each development project. T PTS: 1 REF: 3 7. Efforts in each discipline of the UP are generally distributed across all of the iterations in the same way for each project. F PTS: 1 REF: 3 8. Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of mechanical computation. T PTS: 1 REF: Light can be used as a basis for computation. T PTS: 1 REF: Optics have little advantage in most areas of computing technology. F PTS: 1 REF: 24

2 11. Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than current processors and are better matched to optical communication technologies. T PTS: 1 REF: Transistors and the tracks that interconnect them are the fundamental building blocks of all CPUs. F PTS: 1 REF: Integrated circuits reduced manufacturing cost per circuit because many chips could be manufactured in a single sheet, or wafer. T PTS: 1 REF: The PC revolution wouldn t have been possible without standardized microprocessors. T PTS: 1 REF: The read/write mechanism is the device used to read or write data to and from the storage medium. T PTS: 1 REF: Wait states increase CPU and computer system performance. F PTS: 1 REF: Primary storage extends the limited capacity of CPU registers. T PTS: 1 REF: The CPU moves data and instructions continually between registers and primary storage. T PTS: 1 REF: With current technology, secondary storage speed is typically faster than primary storage speed. F PTS: 1 REF: The most common display surfaces are paper and flat panel displays. T PTS: 1 REF: Display surfaces have a default background color, usually white for both paper for video display devices. F PTS: 1 REF: 240

3 22. For video display, a pixel displays no light or light of a specific color and intensity. T PTS: 1 REF: The discipline includes activities that verify correct functioning of infrastructure and application software components and ensure that they satisfy system requirements. testing 24. The discipline is the set of activities for installing and configuring infrastructure and application software components and bringing them into operation. deployment 25. Although not a formal UP discipline, systems evaluation and is an important group of activities that accounts for much of the long-range system cost. maintenance 26. Managers of collections of information systems and supporting infrastructure must contend with a great deal of technical complexity. integrated 27. Given the rapid pace of change in computer technology, a manager must have a broad understanding of current technology and. future technology trends 28. Data is represented in the CPU as. digital electrical signals 29. Early computers implemented primary storage as rings of ferrous material, a technology called. core memory 30. Modern computers use memory implemented with. semiconductors 31. is implemented entirely with transistors. Static RAM 32. stores each bit by using a single transistor and capacitor. Dynamic RAM

4 33. Inkjet and laser printers use as the fundamental output unit. pixels 34. A(n) operates with an electrical charge and the attraction of ink to this charge. laser printer 35. A is a printer that generates line drawings on wide sheets or rolls of paper. plotter 36. Pointing devices can be used to enter drawings into a computer system or control the position of a(n) on a display device. cursor 37. A(n) matrix display uses one or more transistors for every pixel. active 38. A(n) matrix display shares transistors among rows and columns of pixels. passive 39. A(n) display combines elements of CRT and LCD technology. Like LCDs, they re flat panel active matrix display devices. plasma 40. The term plotter has faded in favor of the more descriptive term. large-format printer 41. Digital still cameras, video cameras, and Webcams use a 2D array placed behind lenses to capture reflected and focused ambient light. photosensor 42. Newer computers use, or multi-frequency, sound generation hardware with built-in amplification and high-quality speakers. polyphonic 43. is a series of phonemes interspersed with periods of silence. Continuous speech

5 44. A device that generates spoken messages based on text input is called a(n). audio response unit 45. is where vocal sounds (phonemes) are stored in a computer system. Speech synthesis 46. is the number of simultaneous sounds that can be generated. Polyphony 47. The term describes the data transfer unit for magnetic disk and optical disc drives. sector 48. is the only widely used form of serial access storage. Magnetic tape 49. A(n) device can access multiple storage locations simultaneously. parallel access 50. Primary storage devices must closely match CPU speed and word size to avoid. wait states 51. Each refresh operation in DRAM is called a(n). refresh cycle 52. The data transfer rate is the fastest rate the drive can support. maximum 53. Optical storage devices store bit values as variations in. light reflection

6 54.Current optical storage devices use a(n) storage medium. disc 55.In a magneto-optical drive, the laser polarity shift used in reading is known as the effect. Kerr 56. When multiple hardware and network components are integrated into a single system, the designer must evaluate their. compatibility 57. Hardware, network, and overall requirements affect the choice of system software. performance 58. generally hides in the background, unnoticed or barely noticed by most end users. System software 59.A(n) is a set of detailed instructions for directing a computer to perform a complex task. program 60. allocation is an important, but mostly invisible, function of system software. Resource 61.A(n) is a collection of utility programs for supporting users and application programs, allocating resources to multiple users and application programs, and controlling access to hardware. operating system (OS) operating system OS PTS: 1 REF: tools are tools that simulate program execution and help programmers trace errors. Debugging