MEXLE. International Educational Platform. International Educational Platform. for Informatics based on Embedded Systems
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1 MEXLE for Informatics based on Embedded Systems Overview 1. Introduction 2. MiniMEXLE Hardware 3. ATMEL AVR Microcontrollers 4. Teaching Informatics with MEXLE 2 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 1
2 Overview 1. Introduction 2. MiniMEXLE Hardware 3. ATMEL AVR Microcontrollers 4. Teaching Informatics with MEXLE 3 MEXLE Philosophy =Microcontrollers in EXperiment + LEarning The basic ideas behind are: 1. Learning by doing instead of chalk-informatics 2. Benefit of the students play instinct for learning 3. Low cost affordable also low budget environment 4. Shared platform with international partners 5. Multifunctional use within different study courses 6. Extendable family including a lot of peripherals 4 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 2
3 MEXLE The family (1) MiniMEXLE - Microcontroller ATmega48/88-2x16 LCD-Display, 4 push buttons - Analog interface: 2 A/D and 2 D/A channels 5 MEXLE - The family (2) MEXLE - Microcontroller ATmega8515 or AT89S8252-6x7-segment LEDs, 4 buttons, 4 switches - Bar graph, serial interface to PC 6 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 3
4 MEXLE - The family (3) µmexle - Microcontroller ATtiny2313 or AT89S compact, no display, simple peripherals 7 MEXLE - The family (overview) MiniMEXLE MEXLE µmexle MEXLE family Microcontroller ATmega48/88 2x16 LCD-Display, 4 push buttons Analog interface: 2 A/D and 2 D/A channels Microcontroller ATmega8515 or AT89S8252 6x7-segment LEDs, 4 buttons, 4 switches Bar graph, serial interface to PC Microcontroller ATtiny2313 or AT89S2051 compact, no display, simple peripherals all boards can be used with AVR Controllers - common environment for development - common programming interface 8 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 4
5 MEXLE Development Environment (1) MEXLE board plus PROGI (programmer board) with USB interface Simple connection to standard PC Low cost programmer usable for most AVR microcontrollers Compatible to STK-500 ATMEL evaluation board programmer Programmer powered by USB connection 9 MEXLE Development Environment (2) AVR Studio Tool with: Project management Editor, Assembler GNU C-Compiler Simulation Programming 10 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 5
6 MEXLE Network Heilbronn University, Germany: Faculty of Mechanics and Electronics (10 Staff, 250 Students/year) International: - STU Bratislava, Slovakia - UNN Newcastle, GB - GTU, TESAU, ATSU, Georgia 11 MEXLE Educational Platform MEXLE Webpage MEXLE Wiki Basic + fixed information Created by MEXLE team Responsibility on staff Contents by students Publishing projects International forum 12 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 6
7 Overview 1. Introduction 2. MiniMEXLE Hardware 3. ATMEL AVR Microcontrollers 4. Teaching Informatics with MEXLE 13 MiniMEXLE Hardware Controller ATmega88 Jumper and Peripherals Buzzer Analog Interface Power Supply 9V DC External Connector Programming Interface 4 Push Buttons and LCD Display 2x16 Characters 14 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 7
8 MiniMEXLE Block diagram DC In Regulator 9V 5V 2x16 Character LCD Display 18,432 MHz Clock Generation Reset Generation µc ATmega 48/88 4 Buttons for Functions A/D-D/A Interface Analog Input NTC, Opto-Sensor PWM Output Buzzer External Connector Programming Interface AVR-USB-PROGI 15 MiniMEXLE Power Supply DC input voltage 9-12 VDC (AC Adaptor) ; Tip has + polarity Regulator 7805 creates Vcc 5V. C2, C3 for stability reasons Diode D2: for safety reasons: against wrong polarity at DC input Diode D1: for safety reasons: protects regulator against back powering Power-ON-LED (LED1) 16 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 8
9 MiniMEXLE Clock and Reset Generator Reset sources: -RC(Power-on) -Button -External(PROGI) Connector for Debug-Wire interface Separate filtered analog supply External crystal (18,432 MHz) 17 MiniMEXLE User Interface 2x16 LCD display with backlight (connected by 4 Bits) (RS: Data/Control) (E=1: Enable Display) (R variable: Contrast) 4 Buttons connected at the same pins as the LCD display (E=0: Read buttons) (Port µc bidirectional) 18 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 9
10 MiniMEXLE Analog Interfaces 2 Analog Inputs 0 5 V - voltage protected R4, D3, D5; R14, - DC/AC coupling (C6, C11) selectable by jumper - Low Pass 1,6 khz (C8, C12) Alternative: - Temperature measurement: (NTC Resistor R11) - Light intensity: (LED2 used as photo sensor) 2 PWM Outputs (8 Bit) - Low Pass 1,6 khz (selectable) - on Board Buzzer 19 minimexle Expansion Connectors Full access to signals at µc pins by External Connector 34 pins Connector for radio clock signal (DCF77) - 3 pins Connector for serial interface, IrDA or USB expander 6 pins 20 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 10
11 MiniMEXLE Programming Interface SPI Interface (Serial Peripheral Interface) to programmer (PROGI) (programming active for RESET = 0) Visual interface by LED3 SPI signal names: MISO = Master IN, Slave OUT MOSI = Master OUT, Slave IN SCLK = Serial Clock SS = Slave Select EXT RESET 21 AVR-USB USB-PROGI Function USB to PC incl. 5V DC USB-Serial-Convertor FT232BL RxD Serial Interface TxD Protocol Conversion ATmega8 µc SPI-Interface to Target-µC Connection direct to USB (COM interface emulation) - Power supply of PROGI programmer by USB - specific USB driver for FT232BL needed on PC USB protocol to serial protocol conversion by FT232BL - no programming needed µc ATmega8: protocol conversion to SPI for target interface - programming of ATmega8 possible by PC trough USB (jumper placement needed) 22 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 11
12 AVR-USB USB-PROGI Hardware Compact unit in plastics box USB connector series A to PC 10 pin connector to target µc USB-Serial-Converter on bottom plane 3 LEDs for status 23 Overview 1. Introduction 2. MiniMEXLE Hardware 3. ATMEL AVR Microcontrollers 4. Teaching Informatics with MEXLE 24 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 12
13 AVR µc C family with RISC structure Reduced Instruction Set Computer Powerful8 Bit RISC CPU ProgramFlash 8 KByte Data EEPROM 512 Bytes Data SRAM 1 KByte 23 programmable I/O lines 3 Timer/Counter Units with PWM USART, SPI, I²C Interface Analog Comparator 10 Bit A/D-Converter In-System Self-programmable 25 AVR CPU core Harvard structure 131 instructions (most single cycle) 32 x 8 Bit registers Fully static operation 20 MIPS at 20 MHz 2-cycle HW multiplier 26 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 13
14 AVR Clock Generation 4 Clocksources -HF Crystal -LF Crystal - RC-Oscillator -ExternalClock Programable prescaler Watchdogtimer Flexible power management Different sleep modes 27 AVR RESET Functions Power-on Reset (no external components) External Reset with Spike Filter Brown-outReset (monitoring Vcc) Watchdog Reset (separate Osc.) Reset source is readable in Status Register 28 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 14
15 AVR On-chip Memory 8 KByte Flash for program code (programming parallel or SPI) Bootloader Flash Lock bits for software protection 1 KByte SRAM for Data (adress space with registers+ I/O) 512 Bytes EEPROM for nonvolatile data in I/O-space 29 AVR On-chip Peripherals Up to 23 digital bidirectional I/Olines (Read-Modify- Write functionality) 3 Timer/Counters 2x 8 Bit, 1x 16 Bit (with Capture and Compare units and PWM generation) 10-Bit A/D-Converter (up to 72 khz rate) 3 serial interfaces (USART, SPI, TWI) 30 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 15
16 AVR Digital I/O Flexible structure (In, Out, In/Out, Read/Modify/Write) by 2 Flip-Flops Selectable Pull-Up resistor per pin Sleep mode inputs Synchronizerfor external signals to avoid meta stable situations Alternate functions selectable per pin 31 AVR Timer/Counter Units Timer for internal clock signals with extra prescaler Counterfor external signals with edge detect Output compare functions for PWM waveforms Input compare function only on 16 Bit Timer 1 (measurement) 32 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 16
17 AVR SPI Interface High speed serial 8- Bit interface for peripherals and programming of chip Max. speedclk/2 = 10 MBit/second Master/Slave structure with fullduplex function Clock prescaler Wake up functionality 33 AVR USART Interface Full-duplex 8 Bit USART with 5..9 data bits and 1..2 stop bits Internal baud rate generator Asynchronuous and synchronuous modes Multiprocessormode for communication network Noise filtering High speedspi mode 34 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 17
18 AVR TWI/I²C C Interface Powerful 2 lines interface (SCL, SDA) Master and Slave operation Multimaster ability Up to 400kBits/sec Up to 128 slave adress space Adressrecognition for wake-up functionionality 35 AVR A/D Converter 6 A/D-channels up to 10 Bits resolution µs conversion time (max. 15 ksamples/sec with full resolution) Internal bandgap reference Input voltage range from GND - Vcc Severalclockingmodes: - free running - single conversion - event triggered 36 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 18
19 AVR PWM Generation Timer-based PWM generation by Output Compare Registers and additional logic Different waveforms with SET clear and TOGGLE of the output pin Fast PWM-Modes (up to 72 khz at 8 Bits) Single slope application with fixed or variable puls period Phase correct PWM- Mode especially for motor drives applications 37 AVR Internet Resources HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 19
20 Overview 1. Introduction 2. MiniMEXLE Hardware 3. ATMEL AVR Microcontrollers 4. Teaching Informatics with MEXLE 39 What is Informatics? Technical Informatics Hardware components Microcontrollers Architecture of Computers Computer Networks Practical Informatics Algorithms Data Structures Programming languages Operating systems Theoretical Informatics Theory of automats Formal semantics Analysis of algorithms Compilers Applied Informatics Information systems Computer graphics Artificial intelligence Digital signal processing 40 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 20
21 Basic Informatics for Engineers Digital Circuits Microcontroller Technology Function of State Mashines Memory components Programming in C Realtime and Multitasking Software-based Measurements Embedded Systems 41 Technical Informatics - Contents Course run in the 1. Semester Number systems in the informatics Digital logic components / Boolean algebra Developing combinatorial logic Practical realization of combinatorial logic Flip-Flops and memories State machines and their development Architecture and components of microcontrollers (µc) Structure of an AVR-based microcontroller system Programming of microcontrollers with assembler Realization of a sample project in software 42 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 21
22 Technical Informatics - Tools 43 I thank you very much for your attention 44 HSHN G. Gruhler (2006) Einfuehrung-miniMEXLE-AVR.ppt 22
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