Perry. Lakeshore. Avon. Eastlake

Transcription

1 Perry Lorain Avon Lakeshore Eastlake Ashtabula Mansfield Sammis Beaver Valley Conesville Tidd Burger & Kammer Muskingum

2 Perry Lorain Avon Lakeshore Eastlake Ashtabula Mansfield Sammis Beaver Valley Conesville Tidd Burger & Kammer Muskingum

3 Perry Lorain Avon Lakeshore Eastlake Ashtabula Mansfield Sammis Beaver Valley Conesville Tidd Burger & Kammer Muskingum

4 Perry Lorain Avon Lakeshore Eastlake Ashtabula Mansfield Sammis Beaver Valley Conesville Tidd Burger & Kammer Muskingum

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6 Three Root Causes: Inadequate Situational Awareness at FirstEnergy FirstEnergy s Failure to Manage Vegetation Growth in Its Transmission Rights-of-Way Failure of the Interconnected Grid s Reliability Organizations to Provide Effective Diagnostic Support 40

7 What happened -- Ohio Why did so many trees contact power lines? The trees were overgrown and rights-of-way hadn t been properly maintained Lines sag lower in summer with heat and low winds 41

8 Cinergy -- Customer Property looking Northeast

9 Cinergy -- Customer Property looking 43 Northeast

10 MILES kv 500 kv kv YEAR 1987 end of major construction 44

11 Reactive Support Additions 14,000,000 SHUNT CAPACITOR ADDITIONS ,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 SHUNT CAPS KVAR 45

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13 Enough Generation to Meet Load is One Measure of Reliability Resiliency The Ability of the System to Withstand and Recover from Problems Without Cascading Electrical Outages is Another Measure Lightning Strikes, Equipment Outages or Failures Cause Bumps on the System The Western Transmission System is Not Very Resilient (Well-Damped) Anymore Like a Car With Worn Out Shocks Going Over a Bump 47

14 A grid that is more complex and harder to operate and demands better modeling and visibility and control methods. No matter how carefully operators, operating engineers, and planning engineers study the system.if the models aren t right,.the results they get and the limits they set aren t right either. And if they can t see what s happening, they can t fix it.

15 Power [MW] Power [MW] This Is What We Thought Would Happen Power on AC Intertie at California-Oregon Border - Oscillation Predicted by Simulation (Simulation) Time [sec] This Is What Actually Happened August 4, 2000 Oscillation - Alberta Separation Power on AC Intertie at California-Oregon Border - Actual Oscillation Measured Time [sec]

16 and if power system phenomena can t be seen, operators aren t aware of vulnerabilities and can t take mitigating action

17 SCADA can t help much with this effort More frequent and time-synchronized measurements are necessary to get this model improvement and situational awareness done We happen to have some of those coming in..

18 October

19 625 PMUs at 244 Sites October

20 Oscillation Detection and Monitoring

21 Phase Angle Monitoring

22 Of the three components: Transmission Generation Loads Transmission is pretty good Generation is improving, but more to go Loads need the most work

23 Before Calibration Blue = Actual Response Red = Simulated Response After Calibration Blue = Actual Response Red = Simulated Response

24 Before Calibration Blue = Actual Response Red = Simulated Response After Calibration Blue = Actual Response Red = Simulated Response 58

25 WISP is an interconnection-wide synchrophasor system that enables smart grid functionality at the transmission level. WISP will install more than 650 new or upgraded Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). WISP has tied PMUs together with a dedicated, secure communications network, and deployed software tools to manage this increasingly complex power grid.

26 Real-time and offline applications for: Situational awareness for operators and reliability coordinators; Event and system performance analysis for operations and planning engineers; Model validation and improvement; Real-time control and protection including wide-area controls; and System restoration.

27 Interconnection-wide in scope; Largest of the Smart Grid Investment Grant projects in the Electric Transmission Category (10 total); Both public and private participants; Deployed a dedicated, secure high-speed, wide-area network for synchrophasors Visualization of power system oscillations (a particular vulnerability in the West) provided along with decision support for mitigation; Will deploy two automated, regional control schemes.

28 WISP Synchrophasor Applications Real Time Visualization Off-Line Oscillation Monitoring Mode Meter Spectral Estimation Ringdown Analysis Oscillation Mitigation Decision Support Voltage Stability Reactive Reserve Phase Angle * Frequency * Monitoring & Alarming Multi-Layer Data Dashboard Playback/Animation Capture Wide-Area View & Manipulation Intelligent Alarm Processing Model Validation/ Improvement Disturbance Evaluation Planning Studies Operational Studies Network Performance Baselining RC Vancouver, Wash. RC Loveland, Colo. Historical Archives Storage Data MiningTools Reports PMU Data PDCs RC PDCs

29 Large-scale outage avoidance Increased transmission utilization Automatic control scheme to increase the usable operating limit of the California-Oregon Intertie Increased utilization of intermittent renewable generation Better visibility and response based control should reduce the amount of ancillary products carried to support intermittent generation use

30 Qualifying the Data PMU/PDC Data Quality Bad Data Detection and Management Interconnection Baseline Correlation (Angle, Modal Damping, Oscillation Energy, etc) Calibrating and Validating the Models

31 Decision Criteria Dynamic Simultaneous Limits (Nomograms) for Major Western Transmission Transfer Paths Determine Corrective Actions for Stressed Power System States (Operating Procedures) Coping with Loss of Inertia, Low Damping Conditions, High Angle Separation

32 Advanced Applications Prototype Dynamic Nomograms for Optimum Transmission Capacity Evolve use of WAN for bandwidth efficiency Voltage Prediction for Reactive Switching Renewable Resource Integration Dispatcher Training Simulator with EMS and Synchrophasor Data simultaneously - to include modeling of: Relay Action, Remedial Action Schemes, Missing Generator Control Actions (turbine) Response-Based Automatic Controls

33 Applications to be used by: Planners (model validation, event analysis) Operators (oscillation, voltage stability, state estimation, contingency analysis, angle separation, restoration assessment and mitigation) Operating Engineers (limit setting, event analysis, operating procedures) The Power System -- automatically What will it take: Lots of hard (grueling) work to validate data and models Synchrophasor system availability close to 100% (more redundancy) $ and dedicated time from subject matter experts

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