The evolution of Public Safety. the results from the FP7 HELP project

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1 1 The evolution of Public Safety Communications in Europe: the results from the FP7 HELP project Gianmarco Baldini Joint Research Centre European Commission Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen on behalf of the consortium of the FP7 HELP project Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and cannot be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission.

2 FP7 HELP project 2 Small Coordinate and Support Action (CSA) project: Started February Ended July 2012 Partners Coordinator: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain) - British Association of Public-Safety Communications Officers (UK) Cassidian (formerly EADS Defence & Security) (France) DataX Sp. z.o.o. (Poland) Joint Research Center (Italy) plus an Operator Advisory Board and an User Advisory Board Focus on enhancing Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communications

3 FP7 HELP project 3 Major challenges of nowadays PPDR wireless communications systems in emergency and disaster relief scenarios: Lack of broadband Lack of proper technology (high peak bit rate) Lack of dense network deployment (for a given available power level the cell range is reduced as the bit rate is increased) Lack of sufficient spectrum (or more efficient usage of it) Lack of capacity Lack of proper technology (high bit/s/hz) Lack of dense network deployment Lack of sufficient spectrum (or more efficient usage of it)

4 FP7 HELP project 4 Unfortunately, disasters and emergencies are usually unpredictable in time, space and scale Unfortunately, budget constraints apply to the design & deployment of PPDR communication networks In an ideal world, PPDR can have unlimited spectrum and budget

5 FP7 HELP project objectives 5 In a non-ideal context, FP7 project propones a solution framework which strengthen the role and commitment of commercial wireless infrastructures in the provision of public safety communications. 1) To define a solution framework based on network sharing and spectrum sharing principles- for public safety communications able to exploit and properly coordinate available wireless communications systems in an incident zone. 2) To identify the required operational and management features and related functionalities of the established communications framework to achieve a synergic and holistic operation of the diverse wireless infrastructures. ENHANCED CAPABILITIES THORUGH SPECTRUM SHARING ENHANCED CAPABILITIES THOUGH NETWORK SHARING CORE PUBLIC SAFETY NETWORK CAPABILITIES

6 FP7 HELP main pillars 6 Adoption of Long Term Evolution (LTE) for Public Safety Short Term/Medium Term Network Sharing among various mobile networks (commercial and public safety networks) Spectrum Sharing Medium Term/Long Term Long Term

7 FP7 HELP Network Sharing 7 PPDR domain Commercial domain PPDR core infrastructure (service platforms, control rooms) Legacy PMR network (e.g. TETRA, TETRAPOL, P25) LTE dedicated PS network(s) LTE and legacy 3G commercial network(s) Group call Access to PPDR services PMR/LTE multimode UE Group communications

8 FP7 HELP System Architecture 8 Dispatch position(s) Priority Access Management Control Room Applications Service Management User Management S6d S8 MME S-GW Commercial LTEbased PMN(s) S1-U S1-MME enb Network Management System (NMS) Networks & Terminals Management interfaces AF IMS Functions AF Application Servers GW Functions Interfaces to legacy PSNs API interfaces Core infrastructure Rx Rx PCRF Private IP network Sp Gx SPR HSS PCEF P-GW S6a MME S-GW Legacy PSN (e.g. TETRA, TETRAPOL networks) S5 PPDR terminal USIM Application clients S1-MME S1-U Dedicated LTE-based PSN BS LTE Uu Legacy PSN radio interface LTE Uu* enb

9 FP7 HELP Priority Access 9 Priority access policy Control room systems Supported as a realisation of the 3GPP Multimedia Priority Service (MPS) Decisionmaking logic for priority access considering: User identity and role Service type Location/Time of usage Type of incident Network used QoS settings for connections Total capacity PPDR users connections Citizen s connections Based on the control of the QoS parameters of connections (i.e. ARP, QCI, GBR, MBR). Supports pre-emption. Mix of automated system (i.e. predefined policies) but enabling human intervention (i.e. crisis specific policies)

10 FP7 HELP Spectrum Sharing 10 The FP7 project HELP investigated the following spectrum sharing approaches: 1. Dynamic transfer of exclusive rights of use, where spectrum access is restricted to the user that holds the spectrum rights of use but these rights can be exchanged among different users for a limited time or a limited space. This option embraces also the concept of Licensed Shared access (LSA) where users are granted rights to utilise parts of a given spectrum band in spatial or time domain that are unused by an incumbent user, upon agreed terms and conditions defined with the incumbent. 2. Secondary access sharing models, where a primary user holds exclusive rights of use for a given spectrum band (i.e. licensee) but secondary users can access the spectrum in an opportunistic whenever the primary user is not disturbed. 3. Collective use of spectrum (CUS), where a number of independent users and/or devices are authorised to use the same range of frequencies at the same time and in a particular geographic area under a well-defined set of conditions. This could useful for tactical networks in the field.

11 FP7 HELP Licensed Spectrum Access (LSA) 11

12 FP7 HELP Techno-economic analysis 12 Some items considered in the economic benefits/analysis: Leveraging economies of scale associated with commercial technologies Cost considerations for the deployment of dedicated public safety networks Cost savings by infrastructure sharing Cost saving by network capacity sharing Economic impact of priority access in Mobile Networks General considerations on spectrum costs Cross Pole Antennas Coax cables Commercial RRH Fiber optic and power cable Diplexer Public Safety RRH (& TMA) Fiber optic cable Commercial Base Band Unit Public Safety Base Band Unit

13 FP7 HELP Techno-economic analysis: Benefits 13 The results of the techno-economic analysis show that the proposed solutions: improve the communications and operational capabilities of public safety users in the field: greater capacity, coverage, resilience. produce significant savings for government and taxpayers. provide more support for more sophisticated applications (as in the commercial domain) increase customer base for commercial telecom operators. increase of market size for public safety domain: handheld, communication equipment.

14 Security Research Programme of the European Commission 14 Many projects have been financed by the European Commission in the security domain: The EULER project applied Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology to mitigate the lack of interoperability in joint military and public safety operational scenarios. The FP7 DITSEF will provide a self-organising, robust ad-hoc communications networks with location information, which can be used in critical infrastructures and indoor environments. The FP7 INFRA project has the objective to research and develop novel technologies for personal digital support systems, as part of an integral and secure emergency management system to support First Responders (FR) in crises occurring in Critical Infrastructures (CI) under all circumstances. Beyond the single FP7 projects, the European Commission DG ENTERPRISE has strongly supported an integrated policy for the security industry at European level. The Commission considers that the development of 'hybrid standards', i.e. standards that apply both to civil security and defence technologies, should be actively pursued in areas where technologies are the same and application areas are very similar. One example is the recent mandate on the Standardization of Reconfigurable Radio Systems in the commercial, civil security and military domains.

15 Conclusions Allowing the interoperability with legacy technologies (e.g. TETRA), Project HELP solution framework lets the PPDR community start a smooth process of migration, based on coexistence of both technologies. 2. Sharing of the infrastructure lets PPDR community optimise or reconsider the need and time line of investment processes, adequately to the scale of the budget, balancing between OPEX and CAPEX. 3. Spectrum sharing techniques will allow for more efficient distribution of spectral resources between PPDR and other users. 4. Using equipment developed for the mass market instead of niche products (e.g. TETRA based solutions) PPDR users will profit from the economy of scale and high competition between vendors. 5. The proposed solutions can rely at a great extent on current standards and on-going standardisation efforts, though further standardisation progress is desirable in the context of network management capabilities (e.g. SON) and protocols for dynamic spectrum management. 6. Implementation of selected Project HELP results require regulatory actions especially in the area of Spectrum sharing. 7. Telecom Operators can gain new markets and classes of users in comparison to the existing context.