Overview of BC-Hydro/BCIT Smart Power Microgrid

Transcription

1 Overview of BC-Hydro/BCIT Smart Power Microgrid June 2013, Toronto, Ontario Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE Director, Smart Grid Research British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, Canada

2 Background Problems facing the Power Industry: 1. Rising cost of energy 2. Aging infrastructure 3. Mass Electrification 4. Climate Change Solutions pursued by Utility companies: 1. Optimize use of expensive assets 2. Manage end-user demand 3. Facilitate Co-Generation 4. Use renewable sources of energy These require modernization of the electricity grid through strategic gradual implantation of fully validated solutions into the critical infrastructure.

3 BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid Deliverables Unique platform to offer Smart Grid training for students, faculty and industry professionals Help the institute reduce and/or optimize its carbon footprint and energy costs of the campus Help utilities validate new technologies and solutions in a near-real environment Mitigate critical infrastructure risks, security, reliability and vulnerability Create a sandbox where new technologies and solutions can be developed, tested and qualified

4 BC-Hydro/BCIT s Smart Microgrid Canada s first campus based Smart Microgrid at BCIT s Burnaby Campus 4

5 BC-Hydro/BCIT RD&D Objectives Development of a Smart Microgrid to enable: Provisioning Methods for Smart Termination Points (Meters, Data Aggregators, Appliances, Sensors, Controls, etc) Integration Solutions for Alternative Sources of Energy (Co-Generation thru Wind, Solar, Thermal, Storage, etc) Innovative Network Architecture and Topology for Smart Grid Operational Analysis and Infrastructure Security: Resilience, Reliability, Security and Scalability Data Collection, Command & Control algorithms Vulnerability Analysis and Threat Mitigation Strategies Development of Interface Protocols & Models to ensure: Interface with Utility Back-office tools (Billing, Load Management, Service Provisioning, Asset Management, Outage Restoration, etc) Seamless end-to-end deployment, operation & maintenance Easy & Intuitive human interface for operators & customers

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7 Microgrid Implementation Phases Phase 1: Construction of Smart Microgrid ( ) Completion of Smart Metering on designated loads Development of Load Control Devices for Afresh/Dorms Integration of Comm Network (Zigbee, WiMax and Fiber backhaul) Integration of Co-Gen, Solar Modules and Wind Turbine Completion of protection/islanding of BCIT Campus Retrofitting and Integration of AFRESH with Microgrid Dev of BCIT EMS system (target 10% annual saving) Phase 2: Smart Grid Research and Development ( ) Research thru NSERC Strategic Network (UoNB, McGill, UoT, UoWO, UoA, UBC, SFU, UVIC and BCIT) Phase 3: Smart Microgrid Commercialization ( ) Setup of Industry Canada s NCE (Network of Centers of Excellence) in pan-canadian Smart Grid technology

8 Distribution Network BC-Hydro/BCIT Microgrid Topology CO-Gen Plants Command & Control Li-Ion Storage 550 KWh B U S PV Modules (Canopies) 300 KW Campus Wide Communication Network (Wi-Max, Zigbee, ISM RF, PLC, Fiber) Communication Network B U S Thermal Turbine 250KW B U S Substation Automation & Critical Infrastructure Security Lab B U S B U S Microgrid Control Center B U S Wind Turbine 2X5 KW B U S Distributed Energy Management Campus Loads EV Charging Stations Industrial Loads Classrooms & Offices Residences

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10 BC Hydro/BCIT s Microgrid SLD

11 Thermal Co-Gen Fed by Nebraska Boiler New advanced multi-fuel boiler in Building SE8 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Planned Flywheel (25 KW) Installed Li-Ion Storage pack (25 KW) Rated at ~ 250 kw

12 Thermal Co-Gen

13 Thermal Co-Gen

14 PV Co-Gen

15 Wind Co-Gen

16 Net-zero Nanogrid

17 Smart Home Nanogrid SLD

18 Nanogrid Communication Network

19 Smart Appliances

20 Load Control Thru Scheduling

21 Smart Microgrid Control Center

22 Critical Infrastructure Security Lab

23 Substation Automation Existing BCIT Substation E Retrofits for IEC-61850

24 Smart Metering technologies Smart Meters are installed in various buildings and on some target loads to be monitored Technologies chosen based on challenging environments (e.g. PLC in Welding shop, etc) Different MDMS need to be integrated under utility EMS Issues were discovered (e.g. reliability of technologies)

25 Communication System Topology

26 Hybrid Communication System

27 Distribution Substations WAN

28 Frequency & Network Planning Network Status as of October 2010

29 Asset Management

30 EMS Residence Portal Designed to increase awareness of electrical consumption Targets to reduce consumption by modifying consumer behavior Portal design was based on Social science research Consumers sensitive to how they re doing versus their neighbours Focus on empowering consumers to make the right energy choices

31 EMS Residence Portal

32 Demand Response

33 Load Control Thru Scheduling User Specified Scheduling Targets baseboard heaters, hot water tanks, lighting, etc. EMS directly communicates with load control boxes

34 DR Competition Results Held over two weeks in Jan 2010 between BCIT s dorms (identical buildings, all electric powered, flat rental rates) Objectives: Use DR technology to reduce consumption without introducing inconveniences for inhabitants 21% overall reduction in consumption Over 30% reduction in winning house GREAT response from students! Level of interest very high (community info sessions) Pro-active (and sometimes disallowed) measures Motivated by competition between different houses

35 Impact of DR Field Tests on Student Residence Demand Curve

36 Mitigation of EV Charging Impact on utility s typical distribution feeders

37 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

38 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

39 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

40 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

41 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

42 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

43 BC-Hydro/BCIT Energy OASIS

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45 Critical Infrastructure Security Lab Network Performance Testing (jaalam AppareNet) Encryption Software Protection Testing (BSB Utilities and Whitenoise Labs) Network Security Study (Syncrude) SCADA Protocol Vulnerability Analysis (US National Infrastructure Security Coordination Centre) SCADA/PCN Firewall Best Practices (NISCC) PLC Attack Testing (BP) Modbus/TCP blackpeer testing (DoD TSWG s Infrastructure Protection Program)

46 Critical Infrastructure Security Lab Oil Sands Control Systems Security (Suncor) Honeywell C300 Controller Device Vulnerabilities (Honeywell) Seminar on Cyber Security Needs for Critical Infrastructure in the Energy Industry (Industry Canada) ExxonMobil Site Security Assessment (Idaho National Labs) DNP3 Vulnerability Analysis & Testing (Cisco) ASI Fellowships & IEEE Awards for security testing Two spin-off companies (Byres Security and Wurldtech) 46

47 Vulnerabilities Physical layer: Wireless/RF Protocols: IEC 61850, ANSI C12.22 Unauthenticated access Eavesdropping Playback Spoofing Intrusion detection Malformed packets Denial of Service Insecure Primary Interfaces * *Ref: AMI Attack Methodology, Carpenter, Goodspeed, Singletary, Skoudis, Wright Jan

48 SG System Level Vulnerabilities Hackers potentially tampering with pricing signals, causing rapid demand changes, causing feeder failures or generation system imbalance Intruders changing Substation assets parameters (VVO, CB, VR, etc) causing substation shutdown and domino failures Control Centre HMI often Windows or Linux machines with inherent security vulnerabilities LTE are all-ip, so can be hacked, spoofed, infected with viruses, prone to DoS attacks WiMAX jamming, interference, rogue base stations, protocol fuzzing, spoofed management frames 48

49 Vulnerabilities identification and mitigation strategies Identify Potential IEC and ANSI C12.22 Vulnerabilities to mitigate Acquire, Configure, and Commission IEC and ANSI C12.22 Devices Configure Test Gear to Exploit Vulnerabilities (e.g. malformed packets, DoS, eavesdropping, prevention of playback, spoofing, intrusion detection) Ensure mitigation strategies such as IEC address above, without violating critical GOOSE timing constraints Analyze & Document Vulnerability Tests and Mitigation Results 49

50 Questions? Dr. Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, SM-IEEE Director, GAIT, BCIT Technology Centre BCIT CARI Bldg Wing B, 4355 Mathissi Place Vancouver, BC, V5G 4S8, CANADA. Tel: